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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Newspapers Description An account of the resource This collection consists of issues of The Virginia Gazette printed in 18th-century Norfolk and Williamsburg, Virginia. None of the Norfolk issues are digitally available through the <a href="https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/DigitalLibrary/va-gazettes/">Colonial Williamsburg Foundation's Virginia Gazette site</a> nor are they indexed there. Some of the Williamsburg issues are also only available on this site. Those issues have been tagged as being "unique" to this site. All issues are held by Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation and are the best copy available there. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document <h5>PAGE 1</h5> VIRGINIA GAZETTE or, NORFOLK INTELLIGENCER, DO THOU Great LIBERTY ! inspire our Souls !——And make our Lives, in THY Possession happy, ——Or our Deaths GLORIOUS in THY JUST Defence ! July 7th, 1774. (No. 5.) <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 1</h6> To the PRINTER of the NORFOLK INTELLIGENCER. Remarks on GOVERNOR JOHNSTONE’S Speech in the HOUSE of COMMONS. SIR, POLITICAL Debates from the misguided rage of the speakers often rise to an enor- mous heighth; indeed it requires a long course of experience to determine the real interest of the state on every important point that occurs. The loudest cavillers against the measures of government after running their splendid career, become lord- ly effigies of state, and exhibit a striking portrait of the complexion of the times. In the British annuls, the transformation of violent zealots for public liberty into its most inveterate enemies, clearly proves that the gild- ed top for which ambition pants, has an irresistible attraction : but the douceurs of the court have been dealt with so cautious a hand of late, and so accurate an inspection into the merits of the candidates, that many officious pretenders have retired into the vale of discontent, dispirited, unbefriended, and defeated. Common observers do not readily trace the various transactions and refinements which the Pa- triotic character undergoes before it can be ripened into modern ma- turity: A retrospect into certain promotions will confirm the truth of this assertion, and it is as demonstrable to the full, that the twin- ges of the political gout are as severe and incurable as the corporal. I shall now Sir, with steady attention garble those passages in the Honourable Gentleman’s speech, which never would have attracted my notice, but for the influence it seems to have had over the minds of some very narrow connoisseurs here. It is with the strictest de- ference to the sage politicians in this part of the world, that I offer a few remarks. I will then first warn those who entertain so high an opinion of it, to weigh maturely the arguments it contains; they will then find other doctrines blended with those they so warmly a- dopt, rather unfavourable to the sticklers for a common-wealth. The elegant modesty of his exordium would have merited applause, had we not discerned its excessive decline through the whole course of the debate. He is not unacquainted with the elaborate logic of the ancients, nor insensible that eloquence on all subjects has strong pretensions to literary esteem, for he aims at profound sagacity in developing the principles of moral philosophy. ”I now venture to predict to this house, that the effect of the ”present bill must be productive of a general confederacy, to re- ”sist the power of this country. It is irritating, tempting, nay ”inviting men to those deeds by ineffectual expedients, the abor- ”tions of an undecisive mind incapable of comprehending the chain ”of consequences which must result from such a law. I am not ”one of those who believe that distant provinces can be retained in ”their duty by preaching or enchantments: I believe that force ”or power conducted with wisdom are the means of securing regu- ”lar obedience under every establishment; but that such force ”should never be applied to any degree of rigour, unless it shall ”carry the general approbation of mankind in the execution.” If the melancholy prospect of affairs, heightened by alarms from the Indians on the frontiers, presents to our view, evident symptoms of commercial decline here, which is the greatest mart for trade in the colony; I cannot imagine that thinking men would be so mad, as to form a general revolt. If courts of justice agree to annihilate themselves, it must be wholly, cannot be conditionally. Can this consist with the loyalty and good manners we profess for the Prince, or that virtuous fortitude which combines society in an indissoluble union? can acts of injustice obtain the sanction of unanimous con- sent? How abstracted and refined is the gentleman’s reasoning, to anticipate the general approbation of mankind, as if an ingenious combination of speculative sentiments could destroy that dispensing power which is the master-wheel. or that discerning policy which is interwoven in the frame of all governments—he goes on________ ”But after the highest characters in the state had declared ”against the right of this country, to impose taxes on America ”for the purposes of raising a revenue; after the general voice ”of the senate had concurred in repealing the stamp-act upon ”that principle, after those men who had maintained these doc- ”trines had been promoted by his Majesty, to the first stations ”in the administration of civil and judicial affairs; there is ”much mitigation to be pleaded in favour of the Americans ”from those circumstances, (allowing them in an error at pre- ”sent) that every man must feel the heighth of cruelty by ”enforcing maxims with any degree of severity at first, before ”due warning is given.” When men grow adepts in the theory of rebellion, and form schemes to emancipate themselves from the controul of the laws; when they consider all requisitions from Britain as unjust, all acts of Parliament as tyrannical, the mode of punishment must be ex- traordinary; the levy of one pound irritates as much as one thou- sand. And as to the conduct of certain members in the House of Commons, I cannot think their principles impeachable who ad- vised the promotion of the patriotic zealots; if their preferment could restore the peace and harmony of the state. I do not mean to impeach the member’s knowledge of agriculture, yet I think the comparison relative to sowing wheat bears a very far-fetched analogy to the Bostonians punishment. Most of the remarks relative to the event of the act are too vague to afford any insight to the most pry- ing observer. How are the people to clothe and support themselves during the execution of his Quixotte schemes? He is confounded in his own ingenious doubts, and leaves the arduous task of unravelling all to the good-natured world. But what gleams of consolation do they derive from the following assertions, “If the government of ”this country is resisted in America, my opinion is, instead of re- ”moving the seat of Government in the colony, and forcing the ’elements to bend to our will (which is impossible) that an effectual ”force should be carried to the heart of the colony resisting, to crush ”rebellion in the bud, before a general confederacy can be formed.” So that you see this great man is not an invincible proselyte to mo- derate measures, but would chastise in cares of urgent necessity. </div> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 2</h6> Can tumultuous meetings remedy the defects of law? Is there not a discretionary power in the civil police to summons the posse comita- tus? Has it not been deemed strictly legal in Britain to strengthen that body by military aid on great emergencies? But when men in high offices of civil trust connived at the base resolves of an imma- culate body of select citizens; the Governor could not consistently with his duty interfere without infringing those rights they pretended they met to secure; Had he taken any steps at all, he must have suppressed the whole meeting; and their heart-felt groans for ex- piring liberty would have re-echoed to the inmost recess of his palace. His interposition would not have been official, and they never would have allowed the greatness of the emergency to super- sede the force of their chartered rights. His reasons for repealing the tea-duty are exceedingly futile, he thinks it cannot be vindicated; a dogmatical assertion of a similar stamp, and spirit with the rest. His remarks upon inherent privileges are ridiculous. Can any char- ter-grant destroy the fabric of that government which gave it birth; at any rate the precedent would be far more ignominious for Great- Britain to yield to America, than America to testify her allegiance to Britain. The disputes and litigations which the Bostonians have brought upon themselves, they must abide by the consequences of. They have baffled the expediency of the wisest laws; such crimes are heinous, and richly deserve capital punishment. If the people of Boston act with discretion they may receive continual improve- ments in trade; let them comply in time, and earnestly seize this grand criterion to distinguish their REAL, from their PRETENDED friends, and the happy consequences resulting from such a timely avowal of their allegiance, and cemented by the constant practice of virtue and good manners, will discover a firm zeal for their Prince, a virtuous fortitude in themselves, and be an eternal memorial of that discerning policy which is the essential characteristic of a free and loyal people. NORFOLK BOROUGH, } June 30th, 1774.} OBSERVATOR. To the PRINTER of the NORFOLK INTELLIGENCER. SIR, AT this important period when the liberties of my country are so unhappily endangered, and the parliament of Great-Bri- tain are not content to “give and grant” away our property only, but have stretcht forth the rough arm of power forcibly to take it from us;——when our domestic enemies are greedily catching at the false takes of every ministerial minion, and joyfully propagate sto- ries of dissentions and disputes among ourselves;——when they en- deavour to lull us into security with the soothing downy doctrine, that the blockade of Boston is but the necessary chastisement of an indulgent parent, whose maternal care has nursed our tender years, and now with great reluctance punishes an untoward child, whose part we cannot be so undutiful as to take:——when such is the alarm- ing situation of our public affairs, and such the unfriendly disposi- tion of many among us, it would be criminal to keep silence: cool- ness in such a cause would be stoicism, doubt, little less than deser- tion. Too true it is we have not far to search for willing advocates for parliamentary supremacy in every respect; who pretend great sur- prise at our opposition, and wish to scatterthe seeds of discord a- mong us, that by division we may fall an easy prey to the will of a rapacious nation, who vainly hope to relieve their own necks by yoking us. What other tendency have the late publications in the Norfolk Gazette under the signatures of Candidus, Columbus and An Englishman? The first a very blundering writer, whose crude effusions will effect no other purpose than to shew his ignorance and his enmity; and the last, a very audacious and vehement stickler for Lord North. The virulent declamations of the one, will have much the same influence as the insolent ADDRESS of the other. Col- umbus, indeed, is more cool and plausible, and therefore the more dangerous; for were we to be guided in our political conduct and opinions by him, we should soon bid adieu to all the sweets of A- merican liberty. It may be worth our while to take some notice of his sentiments, as he has promised, if they were well received, to write again, and observe how inconsistent with every principle of British freedom, are his notions with respect to the mode of mini- sterial conduct towards the colonies, whom he would fain persuade, that they have no connexion with the violent treatment the Bosto- nians have received, nor interest in opposing it. “No honest man” says Columbus, “justifies the Bostonians in destroying the India ”company’s tea.” What does he think of the Philadelphians, who thanked them for it? What does he think of the New-Yorkers, who punished Captain Chamber’s presumption in the very same manner? What does he think of the secret, sure destruction of the commo- dity at Charlestown? Does not this conduct in these respectable ci- ties look something like approbation of the Bostonians? and, if har- rassed in the same manner, would they not all have acted much alike? And Columbus will hardly say they are all dishonest, with- out one man of principle amongst them; although I know, some people would fain make us believe, that public spirit and public in- tegrity are as great strangers among us, as among the luxurious cor- rupt placemen of St. Stephen’s chapel, where virtue and honesty are become words almost without a meaning. But even the severity of Columbus relaxes a little towards the suffering Bostonians, and he has actually prevailed on himself to declare, that “however repre- ”hensible they may be from their mode of opposition, yet, from ”the generous love of freedom which inspired it, they are entitled ”to our warmest and most strenuous assistance.” What stronger expression of zeal in their cause, could the most flaming advocate for American liberty desire? “HOWEVER REPREHENSIBLE they ”may be,” let them be ever so culpable, “yet,” says the zealous Columbus, “they are entitled to our WARMEST and MOST STRE- ”NUOUS ASSISTANCE.” Too soon, unsettled Columbus! as in a changeful April day, has the sweet sun-shine of thy good wishes been clouded by the malignant vapours of British prejudice, and the face of things entirely altered: for the same people of Boston, that were just now so renowned for their “generous love of freedom,” who, right or wrong were “entitled to our warmest and most ”strenuous assistance,” are become in the twinkling of an eye the veriest rogues upon earth, a set of men that “ought not to be coun- </div> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 3</h6> ”tenanced by a free and honest people;” a town so ungovernable that “an act of DESPOTISM” (meaning the Boston port-bill) “has ”in a great degree necessity to justify it, as the only means of ”compelling a turbulent people to repair the injuries they have ”committed.” If we examine this writer’s sentiments with res- pect to the Boston port-bill, we shall find him on this point too, a perfect Proteus. “It will hardly be denied,” says he, “that the ”Boston port-bill is the highest act of despotism that this or any ”former age can produce and it diametrically repugnant to the ”British system;” for by this law, the powers legislative, execu- tive, and “judiciary are all united in the self-same hands, in ”which case there can be no liberty; for as Montesquieu-observes ”very justly, there would be an end of every thing, were the same ”body of men to exercise these three powers, that of enacting laws, ”that of executing the public resolutions, and that of trying in- ”dividuals; and this act of parliament has fully realized the sup- ”position, by putting an end to every thing in Boston.” Thus far Columbus. Touch this same tyrannic destructive act with the powerful wand of this mighty magician, and it instantly becomes ”a mode of punishment he approves,” is but the demand of jus- ”tice,” has necessity to justify it,” is “the only means of com- ”pelling a turbulent people to repair injuries.” Columbus goes far- ther, he challenges us to “point out a method, whereby the dam- ”age might have been levied in a more LEGAL way;” he calls the parliament a legal tribunal to which the American colonies are ame- nable, and compares the shameless tyranny now exercised over Bos- ton, condemned as it was without a hearing, to a regular trial in a court of justice, and is clear for recovering costs as well as da- mages, “for as every person,” says he, “who is amenable to a ”LEGAL tribunal is COMPELLED TO INDEMNIFY the complainant, ”SO OUGHT the Bostonians to discharge the EXPENCES of the ”ARMAMENT until the the time of their PAYING for the TEA;” and at last concludes, that “those who will not submit to law, ”ought not to be protected by it.” Such are the strange absurdities, the gross palpable contradictions that the advocates for the late par- liamentary edicts are reduced to. That the highest act of despotism should be the most approved, necessary, legal method of obtaining a reparation of damages; that a “turbulent” body of men, that “no ”free and honest people ought to countenance,” should yet be ”entitled to our warmest and most strenuous assistance;” that a court exercising powers “diametrically repugnant to the British ”system,” and destructive of all liberty, should yet be the “legal ”tribunal,” to which the American colonies “are amenable,” are paradoxes that none but the bold genius of a Columbus can explain, or equivocal subtilty of a LAWYER reconcile. I hope the gentle- men of the long robe will forgive me; but I protest, this writer’s eagerness for the COSTS, makes me think he has some connexion with the bar, and would be glad to have a fellow-fingering with my Lord North on this occasion; although for my own part I confess honestly, I should be against allowing Lord North any fee at all in this matter; and am really well pleased to find, that even the par- liament have given judgment for the damages only, although I think we have no great reason to thank them for their moderation, when their officer Mr Sheriff Gage, attended by the POSSE MILITARE, arrived almost as soon as the news of their decision; and I am afraid that matters will not stop here; for I shrewdly suspect, If I may be allowed a law phrase, that they begin to be apprehensive that their FIERI FACIAS will be returned NULLA BONA, and are going to is- sue a CAPIAS AD SATISFACIENDUM against the poor Bostonians; for what else is the act for the suppression of riots and tumults, as it is called, then a general EXECUTION against their bodies!——But to return.——Columbus, if I can collect his meaning, would recommend it to the Bostonians to satisfy the exactions of the British parliament, and then remonstrate against the cruelty and illegality of the act; which is really much like advising a man that had been unjustly con- demned, to let himself be hanged first, and THEN make his excep- tions to the mode of trial. But does Columbus imagine that the reason of the general alarm among the colonies is the apprehension of the India company’s being reimbursed their loss? Does he think the Americans have any particular antipathy to them, More than to the whole tribe of venal ministerial sycophants, who tho’ per- haps not actually guilty of the like ravages, rapines treacheries, and horrid murders, which history will forever shudder to relate a- mong the miseries of the East, are yet blackening the annals of Britain, with their attempts to enslave and plunder the West? NO! independent of the act, it is a matter of small consequence, whether the India Company is or is not reimbursed “for that just punish- ”ment they for their ungenerous attempts on our liber- ”ties,” although I make no doubt they would have had an ample retribution, had it been properly requested of the assembly, as it was at the time of the stamp-act. It would be very immaterial to us, if the Bostonians should have made them a present of twice the value; separate it from the act and we have nothing to object a- gainst it” but our objection is against the jurisdiction of this for- midable court that assumes such tremenduous powers; we object to the mode of trial, if that can be called a trial, in which NO DE- FENCE is permitted; we object to the necessity, manner and seve- rity of the punishment; and we object to the inevitable consequen- ces, so destructive to American rights, that will forever follow even obedience to this parliamentary edict and yet, says Columbus, “it ”is not so easy to discover how this act affects us, unless we should ”on some future occasion be madly guilty of a similar offence; ”then indeed upon the LIKE principle of NECESSITY, we may ”meet with a SIMILAR CHASTISEMENT!” and this law “cannot ”affect us farther than the punishment of the same crime by a ”court of justice would do, were than practicable; because,” adds he most artfully, “were we equally culpable, we would be equally a- ”menable to the same law!” Raise your eyes, O my countrymen! and shudder at this dread tribunal, erected for the destruction of every thing dear and valuable to us; whose decisions, from the very na- ture of its constitution, must be all partial, must be all violent, arbi- trary and ruinous infractions of our most sacred rights: a tribunal which Columbus declares, may chastise us at its pleasure, as it has done the Bostonians, and yet he cannot easily discover how “it ”can affect us!” a tribunal, which suspended the legislative body of New-York, has destroyed the constitution of Massachusetts-Bay, and erected it into a military government, and yet——CANNOT AF- </div> <h5>Page 2</h5> <div class="column"> <h6>Column 1</h6> FECT US! a tribunal that has robbed us of the benefits of the HA- BEAS CORPUS act, of trial by the vicinage, and has even deprived us of the advantage of witnesses in our favor, and yet——CANNOT AF- FECT US, a tribunal that “gives and grants” away our property, and then dragoons us for resistance, and yet——CANNOT AFFECT US! a tribunal, that admits of no defence to the accused, that condemns without conviction, and reversing the humane maxim of the law, punishes TEN innocent persons, left ONE guilty should escape and yet——CANNOT AFFECT US! O my countrymen! be not deceived by such flimsy sophistry; these are doctrines of a foreign growth; exotics to the American soil; the imports of strangers, who have still a hankering after the leeks and onions of Egypt; who have no fellow-feeling with us, but consider every encroachment of Britain as so much gain to themselves; who stand forth the willing advo- cates for every ministerial anti-American measure, and are forever ringing PROTECTION! in our ears, as if a Briton’s regard for his own interest in protecting me from an enemy could justify his plun- dering me of my property, and becoming the greatest robber of the two: for it is my serious opinion, and I doubt not every impartial reader will think me right, that the Briton who should adopt such sentiments, if the misfortune should ever happen of a fatal rupture between the mother-country and us, would be a far more dangerous viper, cherished in our bosoms, than a Frenchman or a Spaniard in a war with France or Spain. From the former, who would view us as rebels, we should expect if vanquished, all the dreadful severities of an indignant conqueror; from the latter we should experience the generosity of a humane and civilized enemy: the former would be enraged at, what he would call, a traiterous perseverance in rebellious practices; while the latter would admire it as a noble stand in de- fence of our liberties, and would claim no right over us but the right of power; but the former sounds his rights upon the constitu- tion, talks to you of charters, or colonization, of protection, of gratitude, and all the flattering pretences that vanity or avarice may suggest; and if you are still deaf to his syren tongue, why then comes in the right of power, and closes the catalogue of claims! PRINCESS ANNE, } June 24th, 1774. } VINDEX. TO THE PRINTER of the NORFOLK GAZETTE. SIR, I FIND a secret pleasure, tho’ an obscure Individual, in mingling with those bodies of men, who assemble, as it were, with an anxious concern to promote the good of the public. I have some- times considered this extensive country as design’d by nature for contemplation, as you may travel through vast tracts of it without discerning a human form, or dwelling; but the excessive dearth of speculative men in Virginia, has convinced me of my error in that respect. There are many of a very social stamp, and some who would have a just title to merit, if they did not neglect their more immediate concerns, to reform IMAGINARY abuses, in the state; hurried away by the impetuous sallies of an irritated imagination, they have no solid idea of those inferior dependencies, which cement all well-governed societies. For brevity’s sake, I will wave the dis- tinction of public associations and congresses, and mildly stile ours, a friendly harmless club. When men make a greater stir in life than is consistent with their profession, prying observers are tempted to examine their views mi- nutely; and if they have assumed airs of consequence unbecoming their station, to display this motley, upstart tribe to the world in their proper colours. Such Beings being no where formidable but in their own conceit, would never deserve a moment’s attention, if they were not sometimes necessary to fill up a superficial crevice at public meetings; by introducing a more refined stupidity into their oratory, or to contribute their mite with a profuse generosity to the mirth of the day. As it is impossible that transposition could ren- der the miserable paragraphs blended in a certain speech more truly wretched, compassion will not suffer me to dissect them now. Should they attempt to proceed further, I will set the absurdity of their assemblage in a stronger and more glaring light; for their late pro- ceedings were so narrow, that a full delineation would be tedious. However if any hardy veteran with some pretensions to the principles of common sense, will defend folly in the extreme, I will readily anser at a future day. SLY BOOTS. At a meeting of the Committee of Correspon- dence for NORFOLK and PORTSMOUTH, held at the Court-House on Monday the 27th day of June, 1774. PRESENT Matthew Phripp, Samuel Ker, James Taylor, Wil- liam Harvey, Paul Loyal, Alexander Skinner Voted, THAT the freeholders and inhabitants of the county and borough of NORFOLK be earnestly requested to attend at the court house of the said county on Wednesday, the sixth day of July next, at ten o’clock in the fore- noon; that the late Burgesses may collect their sentiments, previous to the meeting appointed to be held at WILLIAMSBURG on the first day of next August. WILLIAM DAVIES, Clk. As late Burgesses for Norfolk-county and borough, we heartily concur in sentiments with the committee of correspondence, and propose to attend at the time appointed. THOMAS NEWTON junior, JAMES HOLT, JOSEPH HUTCHINGS. To the Printer of the NORFOLK INTELLIGENCER. Sir, Should the following strictures be admissible, your inserting them will oblige some of your readers. In well-regulated governments, however extensive or local, a de- pendance on, as well as right of power must invariably center in the most powerful part; this has been held as an established truth in all ages, and requires no authority to prove it. The same ob- servation is equally just with regard to the general method of pre- serving the utility, as well as the dependance of their subordinates. Interest and mutual feeling go hand in hand; particularly among distant branches of the state, who have ben coloniz’d and settled from the seat of government. Should these from their situation ar- rive to any degree of wealth and population, their indignation rises at the smallest mode of procedure with respect to them; they con- sider themselves as aggrieved when the sovereign legislative body, finding them in a condition to contribute in part to the legal ex- pences of government, lays a small share of it on their shoulders, in- stead of weighing in the scale of reason, the real tendency and real usefulness of the scheme, they spurn, they look big, and would with to trample all authority under foot; immediately enter into level- </div> <div class="column"> <h6>Column 2</h6> ing schemes! that SUBLIME PRINCIPLE before which every rational system should at once disappear. I leave it to the judgment of eve- ry unprejudiced mind, whether these things are so. PRINCESS ANNE County, 2d July, 1774. A BILL for the better regulating the Government of the Pro- vince of the Massachusetts-Bay, in North-America. WHEREAS by letters patent under the Great Seal of England, made in the third year of the reign of their late Majesties King William and Queen Mary, for uniting, erect- ing and incorporating the several Colonies, Territories, and Tracts of Land therein mentioned, into one real Province, by the name of their Majesties Province of the Massachusetts-Bay, in New-Eng- land, whereby it was among other things ordained and established, that the Governor of the said Province should from henceforth be appointed and commissioned by their Majesties their Heirs and Successors, it was however granted and ordained, that from the expiration of the terms, for, and during which the Eight and Twenty Persons, named in the said Letters Patent, were ap- pointed to be the first Counsellors or assistants to the Governor of the said Province for the time being, the aforesaid number of eight and twenty Counsellors or Assistants should yearly, once every year, for ever thereafter, be, by the General Court or Assem- bly, newly chosen. And whereas the said method of electing such Counsellors or Assistants to be vested with the several powers, authorities, and privileges therein mentioned, although conformable to the practice, heretofore used, in in such of the colonies thereby united, in which the appointment of the respective Governors had been vested in the General Courts or Assemblies of the said Colonies, hath, by re- peated experience, been found to be extremely ill adapted to the plan of Government established in the province of the Massa- chusetts-Bay, by the said Letters Patent herein mentioned, and hath been so far from contributing to the attainment of the good ends and purposes thereby intended, and to the promoting of the internal welfare, peace and good government, or to the maintain- ance of that just subordination to, and conformity with, the laws of Great Britain, that the manner of exercising the powers authori- ties, and privileges aforesaid, by the persons so annually elected, hath for some time past been such as had, the most manifest ten- dency to obstruct, and in great measure defeat the execution of the laws, to weaken the attachment of His Majesty’s well-disposed subjects, in the said province, to His Majesty’s government, and to encourage the ill-disposed among them to proceed even to acts of direct resistance to, and defiance of His Majesty’s authority; and it hath accordingly happened, that an open resistance to the execution of the laws hath actually taken place in the town of BO- STON and the neighbourhood thereof within the said province. And whereas it is, under these circumstances, become absolutely necessary, in order to the preservation of the peace and good order of the said Province, the protection of His Majesty’s well-disposed subjects therein resident, the continuance of the mutual benefits arising from the commerce and correspondence between this king- dom and the said province, and the maintaining of the just depen- dance of the said province upon the Crown and Parliament of Great-Britain, that the said method of annually electing the Coun- sellors or Assistants of the said province should no longer be suffer- ed to continue, but that the appointment of the said Counsellors or Assistants should henceforth be put upon the like footing as it e- stablished in such other of His Majesty’s colonies or plantations in America, the Governors whereof are appointed by his Majesty’s Commission under the Great Seal of Great Britain. Be it therefore enacted, by the King’s most excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, that from and after the so much of the Charter granted by their Majesties King William and Queen Mary to the inhabitants of the said province of the Massachusetts-Bay in New-England, and all and every clause, mat- ter, and thing therein contained, which relates to the time and manner of electing the Assistants or Counsellors, for the said pro- vince, and all elections and appointments of Counsellors and As- sistants made in pursuance thereof, shall [empty space] [empty space] and that from and after the said [empty space] the Council or Court of Assistants of the said province for the time being, shall be com- posed of such of the inhabitants or proprietors, of lands within the same, as shall be thereunto nominated or appointed by his Ma- jesty, his Heirs and Successors, by Warrant under his or their signet or sign manual, and with the advice of the Privy Council, agreeable to the practice now used in respect to the appointment of Counsellors in such of his Majesty’s other Colonies in America, the Governors whereof are appointed by commission under the Great Seal of Great-Britain: provided the number of the said As- sistants or Counsellors shall not at any one-time exceed [empty space] nor be less than [empty space] And it is hereby further enacted, That the said Assistants or Counsellors so to be appointed as aforesaid, shall hold their offices respectively, for and during the pleasure of his Majesty, his heirs or successors, and shall have and enjoy all the powers, privileges, and immunities, at present held, exercised and enjoyed by the Assistants and Counsellors of the said province, constituted and elected from time to time, under the said Charter, except as herein after excepted; and shall also, upon their admission into the said Council, and before they enter upon the execution of their office, respectively take the oaths, and make, repeat, and subscribe, the declarations required, as well by the said Charter, as by any law or laws of the said province now in force, to be taken by the Assistants or Counsellors, which have been so elected and constitut- ed as aforesaid. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That from and after the [empty space] it shall and may be lawful for his Majesty’s Governor for the time being, of the said province, on in his absence for the Lieutenant Governor, to nominate and appoint, under the Seal of the pro- vince, from time to time, the judges of the inferior Courts of Common Pleas, Commissioners of Oyer and Terminer, the Attorney General, Sheriffs, Provosts Marshals Justices of the Peace, and officers to the Council or Courts of Justice belonging, and to re- move the same without the consent of the Council; and that all Judges of the Inferior courts of Common Pleas, Commissi- oners of Oyer Terminer, the Attorney General, Sheriffs, Pro- vosts Marshals, Justices, and other Officers so appointed by the Governor, or in his absence by the Lieutenant Governor alone, shall and may have, hold, and exercise their said offices, powers, and authorities as fully and compleatly, to all intents and purposes, as any Judges of the inferior Courts of Common Pleas, Commis- sioners of Oyer and Terminer, Attorney General, Sheriffs, Pro- vosts Marshals, or other officers, have or might have done hereto- fore under the Letters Patent, in the third year of the reign of their late Majesties King William and Queen Mary, any law, statute, or usage, to the contrary notwithstanding. Provided always, and be it enacted, That nothing herein con- tained shall extend, or be constructed to extend to annul or make void the commission granted before the [empty space] to any Judges of the inferior Courts of Common Pleas, Com- missioners of Oyer and Terminer, the Attorney General, Sheriffs, Provosts Marshals, Justices of the Peace, or other Officers; but that they may hold and exercise the same, as if this act had never been made, until the same shall be determined by death, removal by the Governor, or other avoidance, as the case may happen. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that upon every vacancy of offices of the Chief justice and Judges of the Su- perior Court of the said province, from and after the [empty space] the Governor for the time being, or in his absence, the Lieuten- ant Governor, without the consent of the Council, shall have full power and authority to nominate and appoint the persons to </div> <div class="column"> <h6>Column 3</h6> succeed to the said offices, who shall hold their Commissions during the pleasure of his Majesty, his heirs and successors; and that nei- er the Chief Justice and Judges appointed before the said [empty space] nor those who shall hereafter be appointed pursuant to this Act, shall be removed unless by the order of his Majesty, his heirs or successors, under his or their Sign Manual. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Chief Justice, the Judges of the Superior Court, and the Secretary of the said province, for the time being, shall be, and they are hereby appointed, during their continuance in their respective offices, justices of the Peace in and for every county, of the said province, and shall and may have, hold and enjoy, all the powers and authorities given to the Justices of the Peace by virtue of their commission, or by any Act of the General-Court of the said province. And whereas, by an Act of the General-Court of the said province, ——— made in the fourth year of their late Majesties King William and Queen Mary, intitled “An Act for regulating of town-ships, choice of town-officers, and setting forth their power,” the freeholders and inhabitants of the several town-ships, rateable at twenty pounds estate, are authorized to assemble to- gether, in the month of march in every year, upon notice given by the constable, or such other as the Select Men of the town shall appoint, for the choice of Select Men, constables and other officers; and the freeholders and inhabitants are also impowered to make and agree upon such necessary rules orders and bye-laws, for the directing, managing, and ordering, the prudential affairs, and to annex penalties for the non observance of the same, not exceed- ing twenty shillings for one offence; provided they be not repug- nant to the general laws of the said province. And whereas a great abuse has been made of the power of calling such meetings, and the inhabitants have contrary to the design of the institution, been misled to treat upon matters of the most general concern, and to pass many dangerous and unwarrant- able resolves; for remedy whereof, Be it enacted, That from and after the [empty space] no town meeting shall be called by the Select Men, or at request of any number of freeholders, without the leave of the Go- vernor in writing, expressing the special business of the said meet- ing, first had and obtained, except the annual meeting in the month of March, for the choice of the Select Men, constables, and other officers; and that no other matter, shall be treated of at such meeting, except the election of their aforesaid officers, nor at any other meeting, except the business expressed in the leave given by the Governor. And whereas, in pursuance of an Act of Assembly of the said province, made in the seventh year of the reign of William the third, and three other Acts of Assembly, made in the eleventh year of the same reign, Jurors, as well Grand as Petty, have been usually summoned and returned by the constables of the several towns, by virtue of writs or warrants directed to them, by the Clerks of the several Courts, requiring them to assemble the in- habitants of the said towns, to chuse fit persons to serve as Jurors for such towns, and to summon and return such persons so chosen; which practice of choosing Jurors, and returning them, without the intervention of the Sheriff, has been found to be de- trimental to the administration of Justice. Be it therefore enacted by the authority aforesaid, that from and after the [empty space] next ensuring, so much of the said Acts of Assembly, and of all other laws now in force, within the said province, as directs the return of Juries to be made by the constables, by an election of of the inhabitants of the several towns, shall [empty space] and all Jurors as well Grand as Petty, shall be returned by the Sheriffs of the several counties, and no otherwise; and the Justices of the Superior Court of the said province, at a convenient time before the sitting of the Superior Court in every county, and the Justices of the Peace for every county in the said province, at a convenient time before the sitting of the Quarter Session of such county, shall issue their precepts or warrants to the Sheriff of such county, for such several Courts , respectively to summon, out of the freeholders and inhabitants of such county qualified to serve upon Juries, such a number of good and lawful men as such precept or warrant shall direct to serve upon the Grand Jury at such respective Court; and such persons so summoned and returned by the said Sheriff; or such of them as shall appear, shall be im- pannelled and sworn the Grand Inquest for the body of the coun ty, and shall continue as such during the sitting of such respective Court, and until they shall be dismissed by the same; and in all indictments, informations, actions and causes depending before the Superior Court, or any Court of Quarter Session, or Court of Com mon Pleas, in the said province, which shall be at issue or orde- red for trial, the Juries shall be summoned, impannelled, and re- turned by the Sheriff of the county, out of the freeholders and in- habitants of the said county qualified to serve upon Juries, and shall be chosen and arrayed in such manner and form, and by and with such regulations and restrictions, as is directed and ordered in and by an Act of Parliament, made in the seventh and eighth years of the reign of his late Majesty King William the third, inti- tuled, “an Act for the case of Jurors, and better regulating of Ju- ries;” and one other Act, made in eighth and ninth year of the same reign, intitled, “An Act to enable the returns of Ju- ”ries as formerly, until the first day of November, one thousand, ”six hundred and ninety-seven;” and one other Act of Parlia- ment, made in the third year of the reign of his late Majesty King George the second, “An Act for the better regulation of ”trials by Jury, and for enlarging the time for the trials by Nisi- prius, in the county of Middlesex.” And be it further enacted by the authority of aforesaid, that lists of the freeholders and inhabitants of the several towns, qualified to serve upon Juries, shall be returned to, and recorded at, the Quarter-Sessions for the several counties, and shall be de- livered to the several Sheriffs in manner and form as directed by the said Act of Parliament, or any of them; and until such lists of such freeholders and inhabitants shall be delivered as aforesaid, the Sheriff of any county shall and may summon and return fit persons to serve upon Juries as aforesaid, out of the body of the freeholders and in habitants of the county, qualified to serve upon Juries. according to his judgment and discretion; and when- ever the Judges of the Superior Court shall award a Special Ju- ry to be struck (which they are hereby authorized and impowered to do in such manner as Special Juries have been usually struck in the court of Westminster at trials at the bar,) and if the Sheriff of the county in which such Jury shall be warned, shall not have received lists of the freeholders and inhabitants qualified to serve upon juries as herein before ordered and directed, such Sheriff shall attend the proper office of the said court with a list of [empty space] of the principal freeholders and inhabitants of the said county qualified to serve upon juries, and the said Special jury shall be struck out of the said list; and it shall and may be lawful for the Justices of the said Superior Court, and they are here- by authorized and impowered, upon the motion of either of the parties, in any case or actions which shall be brought to issue, to order the said cause or action to be tried in any county, other than the county in which the said cause or action shall have been brought or laid, by a jury of such other county. as they shall judge fit and proper, any act of Assembly or provincial law to the contrary notwithstanding. And be it further enacted by authority aforesaid, That all clerks of courts, Sheriffs, Constables, and other persons within the said province, to whom the ordering, making, delivering, or record- ing the lists of the freeholders and inhabitants qualified to serve upon juries aforesaid, shall belong or appertain, according to the true intent and meaning of this present act, and the said acts here- by referred to, who shall be guilty of any wilful neglect, default, or misfeazance, in carrying into execution this act, according to its true intent and meaning, shall incur and suffer such fines and penalties as are severally mentioned in the said acts of Parliament </div> <h5>Page 3</h5> <div class="column"> <h6>Column 1</h6> hereby referred to; and all persons who, being duly qualified as aforesaid, shall be duly summoned to serve upon juries in manner aforesaid, and shall not attend such service, shall incur and suffer such fines and penalties as by the laws of the said province, jurors making default are now subject to. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That if any action shall be brought against any Sheriff, for what he shall do in execution, or by virtue of this act, he may plead the general issue, and give the special matter in evidence; and if a verdict shall be found for him, he shall recover Costs. Authentic account of Tuesday’s debate in the House of Commons, on the motion for repealing the TEA DUTY in America. Mr. Fuller made the motion, which he promised, relative to the repeal of the tea duty. He opened it with declaring, that the Boston Port Bill, and the other Regulations would be totally ineffectual without repealing the tea-duty. He said, he was very sure that the motion would be productive of a great deal of good; that it could not possibly do any harm. He spoke much to the temper and feelings of the House; and the arguments which he used served rather to point out the former considerations which the House had had upon this question, and that the subject of taxation of Ameri- ca was no new matter. After a short opening, he concluded by ma- king the following motion: “That this House will on [empty space] ”[empty space] resolve itself into a Committee of the whole House, ”to take into consideration the duty of 3 d. per pound weight upon ”tea, payable in all his Majesty’s dominions in America, imposed, ”by an Act made in the seventh year of his present Majesty, in- ”titled, an act for granting certain duties in the British colonies ”and plantations in America, &c.” Mr. Pennant seconded the motion, and said he wished much it might go to a Committee, because he thought the principle, upon which the bill was established, as set forth in the preamble, was un- just and impolitic; that it changed the nature of their constitution, and it took away the power which had always been held sacred to an Englishman, that of levying their own money; that it was simi- lar to raising the ship money in King Charles’s time; that those who condemned that measure must of course condemn this, the one being as arbitrary and unconstitutional as the other. He said, he sub- scribed to the supremacy of Parliament, but he thought there was a plain method for raising by requisition, the money which you wanted; that the people of that country would be better able to as- certain how, and in what manner the sum ought to be raised, on account of the local circumstances which may attend it. The peo- ple of Boston will be the first victims to your resentment; repeal this bill, and you will meet with support from the rest of the colonies. Mr. Rice. This, Sir, is a motion upon the plan of reconcilia- tion, and there is no man would go farther than myself to correct any thing that I thought would be the means of bringing about such reconciliation; but I cannot concur in any thing that endan- gers the supremacy of Parliament. Let us but consider the conse- quence of such a repeal at this present time.——Whenever we have made the least concession; they have always required more; they will think that we acknowledge that we have no right if we repeal this law. The objection has hitherto been made on the ground of taxation. I will consider truly what that ground is; but I very much fear that they object to that control which may be improper to take off; they submitted to external taxation, to internal they always objected. I will take that period then as the fixed aera for their allowing taxation. By the repeal of the stamp-act, as an in- ternal tax, if you repeal this act you will allow that you have no right. I desire to keep my stand here, and not give up that author- rity which I am clear in. I wish no new taxes to take place, but I wish to keep the right and control, which if you give up you part with all. The interest of America is the interest of Great-Bri- tain, and I would wish to make their happiness the object, and do that which would be satisfactory to their minds; but in this present case, I am greatly afraid if you give up this, you will be required to give up much more. Capt. Phipps. I should be the last person in the House to give trouble, if the importance of this question did not urge me to it; but I cannot take the acts of the province of Massachusetts-Bay to be the opinion of all America, nor whose of a few designing interest- ed men in Boston to be the disposition of the whole province at large. I perfectly agree that the Americans cannot resist, and that the doctrine of supremacy is good, but I think the Americans have a real security in Parliament, which is, that you can do nothing that does not affect Great-Britain equally with America. I will con- sider the present measure as an act with which they cannot comply, or, more properly, they will not. In the light then of a mercan- tile tax, it is trifling and ridiculous; as a matter of revenue, it is absurd. If they cannot resist, they will find some means of a- voiding it. God and nature has given them an extensive coast, and of course an opportunity of smuggling. You will injure the ma- nufactures of this country in a very high degree; I do not mean by their non-importation agreement, but by making them prefer the manufacture which is worse than your’s from your enemies, to those of this country, which are better. May the right long remain in the expediency of not exercising it. I would only have it called for at particular times, when the emergency of affairs require it, and when the whole of Great-Britain and America are to receive equal benefit; but if you exercise that right when you have no occasion or urgent reason for raising a revenue, you will throw the quiet man of that country into the factious man. But how can you expect an o- bedience of that country, when the emoluments of it are taken from them to supply the luxuries of men who live in this. The province of Virginia, before Lord Botetourt was made Governor, was annual- ly plundered of 5000 £ by the non-residence of former Governors. I knew a person in that country who held eleven offices, the emo- luments of which were appropriated to the support of men of bad description in this. I approved much of the stamp-act; as a neces sary measure, to destroy that nest of small petty-fogging attornies; whose business it was to create disturbances and law suits, and live by the plunder. There is a wide difference between giving up a right and exercising it, but I cannot see that Parliament gives up that right, when they say it is not expedient to exercise it. I there- fore wish much for the repeal of this act, which I think you will one day or other be forced to do. Mr Stephen Fox. I rise, Sir, much in favour of the motion on your table; and think the only reason that has been urged against it, is, that America cannot resist. Do not, Sir, let us exercise such a conduct merely to shew our power. I am far from saying we ought not to exert this power upon proper occasions, but to make use of it by way of irritation, is to me the highest ill policy, as well as absurdity; I shall therefore give my hearty affirmative to the motion. Mr. Cornwall. I wish gentlemen would take into consideration the justice of their former proceedings, and the policy and expedi- ency which the present times require and occasion. The proposition which we are now called upon to decide, is simply this: whether the whole of our authority over the Americans shall be taken away? It has been said we have irritated the Americans, by taxes that are neither for the purpose of revenue, nor for commercial regulations. That tax will be found to produce much more than gentlemen think; and however, little it may produce, the taking of it off at this time, would be both impolitic and imprudent. Much has also been said about gaining the affection of the Americans. If this was a new question, I should think the gaining of their affections is worth a thousand times the produce of the tea duty. It is true, Sir, that England is loaded with a debt of a very considerable amount, on account of the last American war; and it is but just and right that they should bear their proportion of expence. Gentlemen say, that the proposition should have been made to them by way of requisi- tion. If I saw or apprehended the least inclination from them to assist us in any other mode as to taxation, I would readily give up this particular tax; but has any one offered any thing on this head? </div> <div class="column"> <h6>Column 2</h6> Has any person been authorised to treat; or any Ambassador sent on that occasion? I would meet them half way in this proposition. It has been said that all their labours are centered in this country, and that we should injure ourselves by laying this tax. I look upon the interest of this country to be so nearly connected with that, that our own actions will be the guide of their security. America does not meet you on the mode of taxation, but upon the question of right; and, for my part, I cannot comprehend the distinction be- tween internal and external taxation. You repealed the stamp-act; did America then receive this boon or repeal chearfully? Disturb- ances have been fomenting and growing ever since. Some few years past you repealed three or four of these taxes; I wish much the de- bate on this question had then been agitated. The question now is [The Remainder in our Next.] NEW-YORK, June 16. The port of Boston was on Tuesday last cleared of every vessel in- tended for sea, it being the day on which the late act of parliament prescribes, that no vessel, except in his Majesty’s service, shall be allowed to depart from that port until the king in council may be pleased to suspend its operation. PHILADELPHIA, June 20. Last Saturday afternoon many thousands of respectable inhabi- tants of this city and county met near the State-house, agreeable to appointment, to take into their consideration certain important propositions prepared to be laid before them.———But as it is im- possible to insert the proceedings of the meeting in this paper, we must defer them till our next. CHARLESTOWN, June 27. They write from Georgia, that the Mortar, principal headman or chief of the creek Indians, had sent down three Indians to Au- gusta with a peace talk, which was delivered at Col. Barnard, re- questing that the trade might again be opened. Mr. Graham, a trader, was attacked by some of the friends or relations of the Mad Turkey, lately murdered at Augusta, but by the assistance of some Chickesaw Indians which Mr. Graham had with him for his protection, they were prevented from doing any mischief. The last Indian trader that arrived at Augusta from the Creek Country says that Emistisiguo and the other Indians who were lately at Savannah, had delivered their talk at the Coweta Town, and that there-upon the Leader of the murdering gang, with one or two more, had left the place, whether through fear or to do more mischief, is uncertain. Scouts are ordered out from every com- pany of Militia in and about Augusta, &c. to scour the Woods, make discoveries, and give timely notice to the Inhabitants to pro- vide for their safety in case of danger. The last advices from the Indian countries inform us, that the Creeks had appointed a General meeting of all the Chief Men and warriours of their Nation, to be holden on the 24th of last month. They are greatly distressed by the trade with them being stopped; and it is expected that the result of their deliberations, at the said meeting, will be to give such satisfaction for the late murders as has been demanded. At the said time it is confidently asserted, that the Cherokees have engaged to join the Creeks in case of war. NORFOLK July 7. Extract of a Letter from CHARLESTOWN, SOUTH-CAROLINA. June 23rd, 1774. The Boston port bill makes a great noise here;——Every body is turn’d Politician——Spirited measures are talked of, and it is even conjectured that resolutions will be entered into for putting an entire stop to all exports and imports whatever.———The storm seems to be gathering over America———God knows, what will be the event. Extract of a Letter from Charles Town, June 27th, Upwards of 1000 barrells of Rice have been Subscribed for in this City, to be sent to Boston, for the support of our suffering brethren there; the Gentlemen of that City as well as the whole Province of South Carolina, are ditermened to exert themselves in their behalf, being fully convinced of the direful tendency, of the late unconstitutional and oppressive Acts of Parliament, tho’ militated at present against the province of Masachussetts Bay, and more particularly, aimed at the town of Boston; they apprehend an universality of such dreadful Edicts and wish for a general re- solution, steadiness and concord, thro’ the whole Continent. We hear from Fort Pitt, that the Shawanese have lately mur- dered eighteen white People, within nine miles of that Place, and that several parties of Indians have gone forth to war against the defenceless inhabitants of the frontiers of Virginia and Penn- sylvania. That it is supposed all the English traders in the Shawanese towns are killed by the Savages, and about fifteen hundred families, settled to the westward of the Allegany moun- tains, have deserted their habitations, and fled for sanctuary to the more interior parts of the country, and that the traders at Fort Pitt are about leaving that place as soon as they can form a party strong enough to venture forth. An Indian war seems inevitable. A Gentleman of this Place, is desired by his friends at CADIZ, to take notice in the VIRGINIA News-papers, that JOSIAH HARDY Esqr. Consul there, wants to impose a Duty of two Mexico Dollars for every cer- tificate of the Cargoes that British SHIPS bring from North-America. Last Thursday was married here, SAMUEL INGLIS Esq; mer- chant in this place, to MISS AITCHISON, daughter of WILLIAM AITCHISON Esq; a beautiful young lady, of a most amiable cha- racter. At a MEETING of the FREEHOLDERS, MERCHANTS, TRADES- MEN and other INHABITANTS of the COUNTY and BOROUGH of NORFOLK, held at the Court-house on Wednesday the sixth of July 1774. THOMAS NEWTON junr. Moderator. Resolved, THAT it is the opinion of this Meeting, that the town of Boston is now suffering in the common cause of America, and that every colony on the continent is in duty bound, to unite in the most effectual means to obtain a repeal of the late act of parliament for blocking up the harbor of Boston, which we deem a most tyrannic exercise of unlawful power. Resolved, THAT it is the opinion of this MEETING, that the acts FOR ALTERING THE CONSTITUTION OF THE MASSACHUSETTS- BAY, and FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF RIOTS AND TUMULTS, are most violent and dangerous infractions of the solemn chartered rights of these countries, utterly destructive of trials by the vicinage, and a very melancholy proof of the despotic spirit of the times. Resolved, THAT our late burgesses be hereby instructed, to use their utmost endeavours at the ensuing convention at Williamsburg, to procure a general association against all importations and exporta- tions (medicines excepted) to and from Great-Britain, as the most effectual means to ensure redress; and that the said association a- gainst importation may take place in as short a time as possible after the opening of the said convention; and that the association against exportation may take place at so long a day, as may give time for the discharge of British debts, leaving it to the discretion of the convention to fix the day. </div> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 3</h6> Resolved, THAT our late burgesses be hereby instructed to procure a like association against every such town, county or province on this continent, as may decline or refuse to adopt similar measures with the majority of the colonies, within one month after the opening of the intended congress of deputies from the several governments on the continent. Resolved, THAT our late burgesses be hereby instructed, to use their utmost endeavors, that the deputies to be sent from this colony to the intended congress, be particularly instructed by the convention, that if possible the whole sum exacted by the Boston port bill, may be parcelled out into different quotas, to be raised by the public spirited, charitable and humane in the several colonies, according to the respective abilities and circumstances thereof; and that such monies be paid by the several colonies, into such hands as the people of Boston may direct. Resolved, THAT our late burgesses by hereby instructed, to use their utmost endeavors, that subscritions be opened in the several counties of this colony, for the relief of the starving distressed poor in the blockaded town of Boston. Resolved, THAT our late burgesses be hereby instructed, to recom- mend Annapolis to the convention as a proper place to be propo- sed to the other colonies, for the holding of the congress; which we earnestly desire may be as soon as possible after the first day of August. Resolved, THAT our late burgesses be hereby instructed to use their endeavours, that the convention may particularly recommend it to the several counties, that large committees of respectable men, fix- ed and settled inhabitants of their respective counties, be appointed to guard against and take every lawful step to prevent any breach of such agreements or association as may be adopted. Resolved, THAT it is the opinion of this MEETING, that the measures determined on at the approaching convention ought to be observed by the whole colony, as acts of a most solemn nature; and that it is the declared intention of this MEETING, faithfully to adopt such association as may then be agreed on. Resolved, THAT the above resolutions be printed for the inspection all the freeholders of the county. WILLIAM DAVIES, Clk. ARRIVALS at NORFOLK since our Last. Sloop DOROTHY,, James Cox, from St Eustatia with foreign Sugar; Sloop Savage, Francis Haynes, from St Vincents and Eust- atia, with Rum and foreign Sugar; the Sloop Ann, Cap. Camp- bell from Tobago, with Rum,; and Sugar; Sloop—— Capt. Hatten from Nevis, with Rum and Sugar; the Brig; HANSFORD, Capt. Cornex, from Antegua, with Rum and Sugar; the Ship RICHMOND Capt. Paterson, from Glasgow, with European Goods; Schooner BUMPER Capt. Heaton, from Charles Town in Ballast; Sloop St. DAVID, Capt. More, from North Carolina, with 400 barrels of Pork. SAILED; Brig LORD DUNMORE, John Baker, for Nevis, with Flour, Bread, Pork, Pease, corn and Shingles. Sloop THO- MAS, Thomas Durham, for Bermuda, with Corn, Pork, Duck, Cordage and anchors. Brig JOSEPH and SARAH, Peleg Brown, for Nevis, with Corn, Pease, Oats, Pork, Flour, Bread, Scan- ling and Shingles; the Brig, JOHN and SARAH, Capt. JONES, for Nevis with Lumber. The Brig ALEXANDER, W. Kerr, for Li- verpool, with Wheat and naval Stores; the Brig NORFOLK, for Fal- mouth, with Wheat. TO BE SOLD, At Public Vendue, on Monday the 18th of this Instant, in the Borough of NORFOLK, TWELVE TENEMENTS, commonly distinguished by the name of the New RED-ROW, also Three Tenements in the old Red-Row. As their situa- tion is so well known to the Public, a part- ticular description thereof is quite unneces- sary. They will be disposed of ALL-togeth- er, or in such Lots as may be most agree- able to the Purchasers. Twelve months credit will be given on giving bond and approved security, but if not paid at the expiration thereof, to pay interest from the date. Norfolk, July 6th, 1774. GEORGE KELLY, V. M JOURNEYMEN Weavers well recommended, will meet with good Encouragement by ap- plying to the Subscriber. Two are particularly wanted to work on one Loom Counterpanes 10 quarters broad. GARDINER FLEMING. Norfolk, 6th July, 1774. STRAYED FROM the Subscriber about the 7th of April last, A small HORSE of a dark Bay, with a Star in his forehead. When he went away he was gall’d on both sides by go- ing in a carriage, carried a bob tail, trimmed in his legs, chops, and mane; trots and gallops. Whoever brings him to me, or se- cures him so as I may have him again, shall have TWO DOLLARS reward. ALEX. WISEMAN. N. B. It is supposed he is gone towards Princess Anne, or Tan- ner’s Creek. Norfolk, 5th July, 1774. NOTICE. THE Subscriber thinks proper to inform the Public, that as he has for some years past been put to a great disadvantage by giving credit in his way of Shoe-making, and often can’t get his money when call’d for; he therefore desires all who are indebted to him to make immediate payment, that he may be enabled to dis- charge the few debts he owes. He intends for the future to give no more credit, but expects money for every thing that he sells, and that every man may expect the same return from him, He has TWO LOTS of land to dispose of, lying on the main street, go- ing down to Mr John Smith’s Mills. He also has for sale, two Negro Wenches and a child. For terms of payment apply to me, Norfolk, 3rd July,} WILLIAM STEVENSON, 17 <h5>Page 4</h5> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 1</h6> To the PRINTER of the NORFOLK INTELLIGENCER. A Parody on the Lines addressed to Lord NORTH. Addressed to the Author. What could induce thee Fool, thus to engage, With Poetry, and war ‘gainst Common Sense to wage? For shame vain man, give up so bad a trade, Which never can procure thee daily bread. Thyself must own, good Poets injur’d are, By thee and I, and many others more. How mean the reasons are which thou assigns, For thy bad wishes, and thy d——d bad lines. Because thy Father err’d, who took such pains, To teach thee writing, e’er he gave thee brains; And seeing now his error, does repent Th’ enormous sums upon they education spent. Is this the reason why thou will persist In writing nonsense, and will not desist, Untill Men, Women, Boys shall all agree, To hiss thee as thou drink’st thy CURSED TEA. Which for some other reason was sent over, Than PATRIOTS and POETS WISDOM to discover, In a few years these PATRIOTS black will be, But none so much despis’d as thou shall be. What they are now, BATH was not long ago, What they will be a little time will show, When they are in their graves, devoid of shame, Mankind will join to execrate their name. And while they yet remain upon the earth, Their country’s friends will sorrow for their birth; And when their wiser Sons, deep plung’d in shame, Shall hear of Patriots they will curse the name. What curses they deserve is hard to say, But You deserve no lesser curse than they; Should Heaven have in store some curse unknown, Or half a dozen, may they come tumbling down, On all Mock Patriots and Bad Poets, but myself, In rattling Chains, like Pewter from a shelf. Say thou vain Man, what put it in thy head, To write such lines, as scarcely can be read ? Do’st think, thou silly, mean, designing Man, That thou and and all thy Friends can form a plan, Thy Lese Majestatis to make good, And drown Fair Liberty in British blood ? Which blood if shed, with blood would be repaid Of thee, and all thy headstrong Friends who aid The Boston Mob to violate the Laws, And blend their Riots with bright Freedom’s cause; Who by all arts, court loud and vulgar praise, The Patriots Truimph in these modern days, Who tho’ dependant are so saucy grown, They think to conquer others with a frown. This pride of their however must expire, Or some of them tis fear’d will soon be higher, They ne’er will reach the summit of their Merit, Until a Gibbet shall dissolve their Spirit. PORTSMOUTH, July 6th, 1774. ADVERTISEMENTS. JUST IMPORTED FROM LONDON BY JOHN GOODRICH, & Co. AND TO BE SOLD CHEAP FOR READY MONEY, only; Next door to MAJOR FARMER’S NORFOLK, A COMPLETE Assortment of European Goods; they have also the same at their Store in PORTSMOUTH. PORTSMOUTH, June 25, 1774. A PURSE of 100 GUINEAS to be run for by any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, over the Two Mile Course at this Place, the best two Heats in three, on Tuesday the 20th of September, carrying Weight for Age, agreeable to the Articles of the said Purse, which are to be seen in the Hands of Mr. RICHARD NESTER Merchant there, with whom all Horses starting for said Purse are to be entered, the Day before the Race at farthest. The Money to be paid to the Winner immediately after the Race.———It is also proposed to have two more Races, one on the Wednesday following, for 50 £ the other on Thursday, for 30 £ which will be advertised particularly as soon as the Subscriptions are full. SAMUEL BLEWS, From BIRMINGHAM. At his Shop, in Church-Street, NORFOLK, Makes and sells all sorts of Locks, Hinges, Screws, Tongues and Cheaps for Silver Smiths, and in general every thing belonging to the White smiths Business. Finished in the Strongest and neatest manner, at reasonable rates, and upon short notice. Likewise Locks for Stores, which cannot be pick’d. N. B. Orders from Town, and Country, will be fully attended to, and punctually answered. </div> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 2</h6> NORFOLK, June 30th, 1774. For SALE, At the West Corner Store near the Market, for Ready Money, at the very LOWEST PRICES. OLD SPIRIT: RUM, Sugar, Molasses, Loaf Sugar, Hyson and Bohea Tea, Coffee, Chocolate, Firkin Butter, Pepper, Pimento, or Alspice, Ginger, Nutmegs, Cloves, Mace, Indigo, Blue, Copperas, Cotton, Rice, White Lead, Red and yellow Oker ground in Oil, Green Paint, Lintseed Oil, Train Oil, Madeira and Teneriff Wine, Oznaburgs, Irish Linen, Sheeting, Check, Strip’d Holland, Muslins, Cambricks, Lawns, Men and Wo- mens Shoes, Hats, Gloves and Stockings, Cloaks, Bon- nets, Ribbons, Hoes, Axes, Nails of all sorts, Hand- Saws, Drawing Knives, Cutlery and Crockery, Super- fine Cloths, Broad and Narrow Cloths, Scarlet and White Flannel, Scarlet Frize, Tammies, German Serges, Sagathys, Duroys, Camblets, Shalloons, Du- rants, Thicksets, Scotch Carpets, Desk Furniture, Copper Sauce Pans, Copper Fish Kettles, Sea Com- passes, Speaking Trumpets, Lanthorns, Cotton and Wool Cards, Brass and Iron Rim door Locks, Stock Locks, Pad Locks, Closet Locks, Chest and Cup- board Locks, Hair and Lawn Sieves, Hearth Brushes, Brooms, Ship and House Carpenters Axes and Adzes, Coopers Axes and Adzes, Pewter Basons, Dishes and Plates, Pewter Bed Pans, Porringers, Chamber Pots, Hard metal Water plates, Chafing Dishes, Steel Coffee Mills, Augers, Chizells, large Funnells, Block Tin Coffee-Pots, Copper ditto, Frying Pans, Spades, Scythes, Reap Hooks, Bottle Corks, Garden Watering Pots, Deep Sea and Hand Lead Lines, Tongs and Shovels, Rich Damask, Sattin, Persian, and other Silks,——Fine Lace, Ladies paste Buckles, Necklaces and Ear-Rings. NORFOLK, June 29th, 1774. DELIVERED to the Subscribers by Captain THOMAS CUMMING of the Ship SUCCESS of London, Four parcels of Goods, marked I. S. No 1. to 4. The Owner is desired to apply for them. JOHN BROWN and Co. WHEREAS the Concern of HECTOR MAC- ALESTER and Co. was dissolved on the first Instant, the Partners thereof, from a Desire of bringing their Affairs to a speedy Conclusion, once more request all Persons indebted to them to make immediate Payment, either to ROBERT DONALD of WARWICK, or the Subscriber in NORFOLK; and as it is not in their Power to extend farther the indul- gence which, for a long Time, has been granted to many, they hope that due Regard will be paid to this Application. Those who have any Demands a- gainst the said Concern are desired to make them known, that they may be adjusted and paid. The Subscriber will continue to do Business in this Place on his own Account, and solicits the Favours of his Friends. HECTOR MACCALESTER. THE Subscriber has for Sale at his STORE in PASQUOTANK County, NORTH CAROLINA: TWENTY likely SLAVES; Consisting of Men, Boys, and Girls; just Imported in the Brigantine CHARLOTTE, Capt. BATTIE from the Coast of GUINEA. THOMAS HUMPHRIES. June 29, 1774. JOHN WEDDELL. BREECHES MAKER and GLOVER, BEGS leave to inform the Public, that he has opened Shop, near the corner of Market-Street, NORFOLK, Where he carries on his business, in all its Branches, having served a regular Apprentice- ship to each; Those who please to favour him with commands, may depend upon having their work done in the neatest manner and quickest dispatch. I have now by me a Quantity of good Skins; Also cleans and mends old Breeches and Gloves. N. B. Orders from the Country will be duly ob- served, and punctually executed. STOLEN, or STRAYED, From the SUBSCRIBER, A Middle siz’d White Dog, with upright sharp Ears, his Head resembles an Oppossom or Ra- coon, and like a Lamb behind, only curling his tail over his back; he is very remarkable in every respect. Whoever can give any account or secure him, so that I may get him again, shall receive Ten shillings Re- ward. ISAAC THOMPSON. NORFOLK, July 4th, 1774. </div> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 3</h6> For Sale, by the Subscribers in NORFOLK SADLERY, Oznabrigs, Kendal Cottons, Hats, Checks, Nails of all Sorts; Hoes in assorted pac- kages, Barbadoes Rum and Spirit, choice Lisbon Wine, in Quarter Casks; Madeira Wine, in Pipes Hdd’s. and Quarter Casks; of Sterling, New York, and Virginia Qualities; Liverpool bottled Beer, Lon- don Porter, in Barrels, and half Barrels; Anchors, Cordage, &c. They have also lately imported a Cargo of Goods, they would sell together, to the amount of about fifteen hundred pounds Sterling, at a low Advance, for present produce, or Cash, in October, next; consisting of the following Articles, viz. Muslins, printed Linens and printed Cottons, Calicoes, Cambricks, London Pins, Cinnamon, Cloves, Mace Nutmegs, Black Pepper, Sagathies, Duroys, Durants Tammies, Calimancoes, Fashionable Ribbons, Sattins, Hats, Capuchins, sewing Silk, three fourths, seven eight, and yard-wide Manchester Check, Printed Handkerchiefs, Jeans, Jennettes, Sattinetts, Corderoys, Dimittys, Barcelona Handkerchiefs, Bed Bunts, Ging- hams, Tobines, Damascus, Armonzeen, Rich Corded Tabby; Thread Hose, Black Silk Breeches Patterns, Felt and Castor Hats, Broad Cloaths, Hardware of most sorts, Mens Shoes, Womens Callimanco ditto, Delft Bowls, writing Paper, brown Paper, Ink-Pow- der, wafers, Hair Brooms, Sewing and seine Twine, Lanthorns, Candlesticks, Tea Kettles, Coffee Pots, Shot, 4d. 6d. 8d. 16 and 20d. Nails, Sheathing and Deck Nails, Pipes, Saws, Grindstones, Iron Pots, and Ovens; Hempen and Flaxen Russia Linens, German and blister’d Steel, Garden Spades, Frying- Pans, Sprigs of all sorts, Queens China, Toys, Glassware, Earthern ware of various sorts, &c. &c. GREENWOOD, RITSON, and MARSH. THE SLOOP POLLY, JACOB FOX, Master; ESTABLISHED as a PACKET, to go constantly between this Place and NEW-YORK; has exceeding good Accom- modation for PASSENGERS, and will car- ry them upon very moderate Terms. Any Gentlemen having Goods to ship, by directing them to the Subscriber, may depend on the greatest Care being taken of them; and should the Vessel not be here when they arrive, they will be landed with Ordinary Expence to the Proprietor (Grain excepted;) He proposes taking a very low Freight. THOMAS HEPBURN NORFOLK, June 30, 1774. TO BE LET ON CHARTER, to any PART of EUROPE, or the WEST-INDIES, The BRIGANTINE, HAMILTON, A New Vessel, now on the Stocks, and will be ready to take on Board by the 20th Instant. ROBERT GRAY, & Co. N. B. We have for Sale, Barrelled Pork, Beef, and Herrings. Also Salt Butter, in Firkins; Hogs Lard in small Kegs, and a quan- tity of JAMAICA Coffee. To be SOLD or CHAR- TERED for the West-In- dies or the Northward, The SLOOP AGATHA, THOMAS Edgar Master, BURTHEN 3200 Bushels of Grain, 18 months old, with Cedar Top timbers. For Terms apply to JOHN SHEDDEN and Co. Who have for sale, a quantity of choice Antigua Rum and Sugar. June, 29th, 1774. TEN POUNDS REWARD. RUN away from the Subscriber, near the south branch of Meherrin River, in Mecklenburg coun- ty, A Negro man, named B O B, about five feet nine inches high, 26 years old, Virginia born, in very sensi- ble, has bad teeth, and a small mark on his upper lip; his forehead which is fleshy, hangs much over his eyes, and makes a dent in his nose joining his forehead. He is a little bow-legged, and his feet are large; can make shoes, play on the fiddle, and is fond of singing with it; he passes as a free man, and calls himself Robert Chavers. He broke Norfolk goal in may last, was seen at Craney island, and is supposed to be gone towards Hampton. Whoever delivers him to me shall have the above Re ward, of FIVE POUNDS to secure him in any goal so that I get him again. I forewarn all Masters of Vessels from taking him out of the colony at their peril. RICHARD WITTON Junior. June 29th, 1774. </div> NORFOLK: Printed by WILLIAM DUNCAN and Co. by whom Advertisements, Essays, and Articles of News, for VIRGINIA, NORTH CAROLINA, and MARYLAND, will be gratefully Received, and duly Inserted.——Advertisements of a moderate Length, for 3 s. the first time, and 2 s. each time after.——Price of the PAPER, 12s. 6d. per Annum. </div> Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Ink on paper. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Virginia Gazette, or, Norfolk Intelligencer Number 5, July 7, 1774 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available William Duncan and Company Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1774-07-07 Extent The size or duration of the resource. [4] pages Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SCNP2022.6 Language A language of the resource English Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers--Virginia--Norfolk Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource William Duncan and Company unique https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/067876e56ef5615859a745d66b6e56ac.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=QDF2evBeqMa6OUvaQr54UjnZE5exMI846eEyzKuB16Ak0DblnexnFE6ApPY%7EK6nwvuMUefyzyvPeYxQqgfP0BNkj5W4VdyADYpREHAEwA%7EQOS-ujK8brSxEjQTa9GjqS6i03aF%7EAyUD0lmPUJr4ciAAw1hn-11wCROWZS4NJsxCjXpMC6Zr8wovLBh7zwu0jfOcTsJuOwoaNIeHkTPEecLeZfivPOOTFHdWbZTBRDTtApTGgEFlcTvRyEk%7EqIlvo1uFebIX%7Eouwzf1TF1SCvE8VWv3Q%7E9oTLuAbtkoj12l9ZjcthkLipTZ7mmWWZklAUkbS%7ERENVYmL2VR3ifzQ3gg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 52ad06c1a30c75e59d18fe3c8426c28a https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/2975c6313f3eff3eb766a09a3d7bd0ed.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=R034ttASX6DGhk23hR5nR2eGU3Y6yf5dhsmA6f2jey15feJhTUK7GHHpE-bgziWjtFlT0vNvIj9Wv4XnJ-caU7ygZZ3Y7boIlYFEMBbVvfTpU184ex%7EuuQ5Vcn60PcafkpWsR0QV37PNJx76dizRJxJDLCpCBrZCORUBUmDdMzGXM8i07jd9f-uL9Kn%7ENmAx3U5r3bSiUVEKqLn0kDqjniEIWIsDrsmwc2uE6Q-sMKox4ZYjtz4enWjadeX-hmbFR27bM9suN3eG9bmj1K9NjKSWcUy6UCgDyATepSALySgT%7ENzG54rnqAwiYbMlsV0NMgnKXvRd8o3%7E8w5N2suaYQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7f95948937c2d9967182d1dce95c82bc https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/032f29a4a8578b54e6ada2c927e4ef99.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=MwO9ajpj-l%7ET49qpkLzXaHph5vEMrU0-BqiPxpi1MPvIj%7EVEBgPKpbRNrQl7TGanc4A-XcA1XDE5Crx399VVmrTCgxRDr-gG3QGkbF-TZwiHa-c0nsOS42QS7Gen01Fvn1PQOgrykQQsw3RiDw0tjF0w32G2aGPOO297iwjo4n1rzI3wFfuZdnTvRzADkPODbYMg-kJ3vn0yByvHqfoHvuI0bVPu14vDwqM2-1mH6SlGBDdTvfLNL5ydtp6B1EsrLyHB%7EyrmKqZUsA9hvlssS%7EvMC4dcoZ7AEJ8IjsXGyWF7MLBZEThVxetARe%7EOwd6h4r9DkV3QIulXF4KlTh3C6g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6788dd6461d4233c76225b0454f16c32 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/9bfbdaef54dc13409249f1f6e14c6d6e.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=YoabCtd6EHeQ2GpZNaRqJLp3F8%7EKkekqT-eAvxtq23HihCtr67Q3Lh9yqOj%7EijG71cgmuE9joTaXmimnA%7Ev2vZf-FL5upS2QWZKqiGb3tvzN04iachr5MiUrVs%7E0YoSSZbWHQbU0BAayzfIPZXY0ScaB3SNANJojmWvybhwcdD41Sz52pSVIirHVCNFaloju1smhiProZLQmuHuXwSSMDUOKUXJoFBtsDAXEcOyhhC8bPpkIPQfyWkRGNWJ%7EcVkD9pZN9acF1tuCsQ4o0n65Vah-TXyWt6T2ivgTv9emE9dQSujqB4fLbkWVV4mF%7E0yLOqQMY9HL0%7ECmeq1JX8acBQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7b9163af80ff6b9091899a1f3d4faa51 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Newspapers Description An account of the resource This collection consists of issues of The Virginia Gazette printed in 18th-century Norfolk and Williamsburg, Virginia. None of the Norfolk issues are digitally available through the <a href="https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/DigitalLibrary/va-gazettes/">Colonial Williamsburg Foundation's Virginia Gazette site</a> nor are they indexed there. Some of the Williamsburg issues are also only available on this site. Those issues have been tagged as being "unique" to this site. All issues are held by Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation and are the best copy available there. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document <h5>Page 1</h5> VIRGINIA GAZETTE OR, NORFOLK INTELLIGENCER, June, 9. 1774. (No. I) <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 1</h6> TO THE PUBLIC. THIS PAPER has been long ex- pected and waited for, by the FRIENDS of the PUBLISHER. HE can now acquaint THEM, That it will be carried on agreable to the PROPOSAL. AT this alarming Crisis, when GREAT- BRITAIN and the COLONIES have differed upon Matters so very Interesting to both; He means to act a Part entirely Neutral: Having nothing farther in View than communicating from every Channel he knows, or can Procure. A GENERAL KNOWLEDGE of the Measures taken, so far as he may be enabled, with a particular Detail of what happens, this he looks on as his peculiar Business. HE can assure his Friends, that every con- venient Method for their Service, will be used to get the Papers regularly and timeously for- warded.——The Method will soon be known by many. A general SOLICITATION for encou- ragement to any Business is COMMON, and fre- quently Profitable.———The Publisher confor- mable to that Practice, takes the Liberty of begging the Favour of the Public, who may depend that their Advertisements, Essays, or Ar- ticles of News, will be duly inserted and transmit- ted to every Place where this Paper is circulated. The PUBLISHER has now to apologize for himself! Will only say, that an infant Paper probably attempted under many Disadvantages, might lay Claim to a Relaxation from Criticisms; When a little ripened it will probably leave less Room for them. An Apology of this Kind to the generality of Mankind must seem weak, however well founded; not only trifling, but disgusting.———When the Mind is Elated, the Imagination raised, and Ex- pectation in Wait, it seldom happens to meet with the desired Satisfaction. HE has already promised to the PUBLIC, and hopes he will shortly effectuate an end so de- sirable, as it may prove beneficial to himself, as well as fulfill the Wishes of his Friends. To the PRINTER of the NORFOLK INTELLIGENCER. SIR, THE Liberties of America and the danger which threatens them being now the subject of general discussion, it must be needless to offer any reasons for solliciting a place in your paper for disclosing the sentiments of an Individual. Although no honest man justifies the conduct of the Bostonians in destroying the India Company’s Tea, yet most men applaud the motive which induced it; and from this distinction, will arise our censure or approbation of the late Act of Parliament generally denominated the BOSTON PORT BILL. To express any suprise at the demeanour either of Great Britain or America on the present critical occasion, would argue the grossest ignorance of Human Nature, wherein we find, that Power will always aim at Pre-eminence and Ambition will struggle for Superiority, while Great Britain has strength she will strain every Nerve to maintain her original Supremacy; and while America’s Sons retain the Spriit of Freedom, they will be emulous to equal their British Ancestors in Independance. As Power is the natural consequence of Riches, the most effectual way to keep America weak is to drain her of her wealth; which we may conjecture is one reason why Great Britain wishes to establish Taxation in the Colonies; and without consulting her right, she will exert her Ability. On the topic of Right and Legality much has been judiciously urged on both sides but with- all due deference to these Casuists, the foundation of the con- test, is Interest, Power and a love of Independance. Legislation and Taxation we are told by the British Parliament are synanimous terms, and this admitted, they must relinquish the claim they have usurped; for us each Colony has its respective Legislation abstracted from that of Great Britain, an abstract right of Tax- ation must be annexed to it, and those who maintain the super- intending authority of the British Parliament over the Colony Assemblies, therein assert that it has a right to abrogate all bye Laws made in those Assemblies, and confirmed by the Royal assent, <div> <div class="“Column”"> <h6>Column 2</h6> which would be saying in other words, that one Legislative Body is superior to another Legislative Body vested with equal powers, and both derived from common Consent. It must be observed, that hereby is meant, that the Jurisdictions of the Colony Assemblies is as extensive over the different Objects of their Government, as that of the British Parliament is over the united Kingdoms, which cannot be the case if they are under con- troul. And a dependant Legislation would be solecism in Politics, irreconcileable to reason, and repugnant to facts. All the writers on Law agree, that when the subject of any thing leaves his native Country, and removes to any other under the Government of the same Prince. He carries along with him all his original privileges; the most essential of which is, to be governed by Laws made with his own immediate assent. And according to this maxim the Inhabitants of this Country owe obedience to such Laws as are made with their own joint concurrence; for MR. BLACKSTONE admits that even the Common law of England, has no force as such in the Colonies, but only so far as the Colonists have by con- sent adopted it. Upon this principle the British Parliament cannot justify their ma- king laws for the internal regulation of the Colonies, as they are fre- quently past before the people here know they are in contemplation; and to this principle the Colony Assemblies owe their origin and existence. And as no man can be tried twice for the same of- fence, neither ought any body of men to be subjected to two dif- ferent Jurisdictions vested with the same unlimited Power. One general privilege granted to all the Provinces of British America whether Royal or Proprietary; and indeed inherent in the constitu- tion, was that of enacting Laws for their own government, not repugnant to the Laws of Great Britain; which was in express terms exempting them from controul when regulated agreeable to the original and natural rights of British Subjects. We may therefore wonder that Great Britain should assert a right to espouse that very repugnancy which she had proscribed to the American Colonists. The politi- cal Liberty of a British Subject consists in being taxed by his own Representative; and I apprehend no authority or precedent can be produced which confines this Liberty to the Island of Great Britain. But we are told that, the power of a British Parliament extends equally over all the Kings Dominions; and admitting this to be true (tho’ the fact is otherwise) those who from hence would deduce the right of Parliament to Tax the Colonies, must fail; because unless the authority of Parliament be greater over us than it is over the inhabitants of Britain, we cannot by the Law of Parliament be Taxed unrepresented, when they cannot be Taxed unless they are represented. And to prove that the modern doctrine of a virtual representa- tion is an Idea which has been only introduced to give a shew of legality to the efforts of Power, let us attend to the opinion of the Judges so early as 20th, Henry the 6th, “ A Tax granted by ” the Parliament of England, shall not bind those of Ireland, be- ” cause they are not summoned to our Parliament.” And this opinion was recognized by the Judges in 2d. of Richard the 3d. “ Ireland hath a Parliament of its own, and maketh ” and altereth Laws, and our Statutes do not bind them, be- ” cause they do not send Knights to our Parliament.” Surely this argument is equally applicable to the Colonies, who are not allowed to send Members to the British Senate, and who from their situation cannot do it, as the distance they are removed from the Parent State would on many occasions prevent their giving their Representatives the instructions adapted to their different Emergencies; and as human nature is much the same e- very where, we might reasonably apprehend that, when so re- mote from their constituents, a British minister would find the way to render their Patriotism subservient to his wishes. Under these circumstances the Colonists certainly merit the highest ap- plause for the vindication of their most invaluable rights; and the people of Boston however reprehensible from the mode of op- position, are, from the generous Love of Freedom which inspired it, entitled to our warmest and most strenuous assistance. Yet we should only assist them while they act on legal Principles; wherefore, untill they have repaired the Injuries which they have committed, they ought not to be countenanced by a free and ho- nest People, whose Respect for their Sovereign, and those Laws which are designed to secure the Right of Property inviolate, is e- qual to their Regard for Civil and Political Liberty. No one can be a greater Enemy to the usurped Power of Taxation than I am, yet so far as the BOSTONIANS have acted criminally, so far must I approve the Mode of Punishment; at the same Time however it must be allowed that the Act of Parliament has extended that Pu- nishment beyond the necessary Limits. Many instances have occur- red where arbitrary violations of Law, have only admmitted of an arbitrary mode of redress; to enumerate these would be needless, this may be reckoned among them; and if any person will point out a method, whereby the damage might have been levied in a more legal way, I will readily assent to the Proposition; but as the actual aggressors could not have been discovered, neither could the money have been obtained by a judiciary process. And as every person who is amenable to a legal tribunal is compelled to indemni- fy the Complainant, so ought the Bostonians to discharge the ex- pences of the armament untill the time of their paying for the tea; and when this is done, as they will then have satisfied the demands of Justice, they will have a better claim to it from Great Britain, and a right to the protection and support of their American Brethren in every constitutional opposition to the illegal strides of British Des- potism. For it will hardly be denied that, the Boston port-bill is the highest act of despotism that his or any former age can produce, and is diametrically repugnant to the British System, which has been particularly careful to separate the Legislative and Executive powers; as in this instance these and the judiciary are all united in the self same hands, in which case there can be no liberty; for as Monte- sqieu observes very justly, there would be an end of every thing, were the same body of Men to exercise those three powers that of enacting laws, that of executing the public resolutions and that of trying individuals; and this Act of Parliament has fully rea- lized the supposition by putting an end to every thing at Boston. Yet though an act of despotism it has in a great degree necessity to justify it, as the only means of compelling a turbulent people to re- pair the injuries of the East India Company through them had sus- tained, who are equally with themselves under the protection of <div> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 3</h6> the Laws, and from them must derive a security for their property, and those who will not submit to the Law ought not to be protected by it. But this Act, it is said, deeply affects all BRITISH AMERICA. This however is not easy to discover, unless we should on some fu- ture occasion be madly guilty of a similar offence: then indeed, upon the like principle of necessity, we may meet a similar chastisement. For this law, however violent and arbitrary, or the Armament how- ever formidable, is not intended to compell a payment of taxes; no such intention is avowed, nor can it ever produce that effect. It cannot therefore affect us farther, the punishment of the same crime by a Court of Justice would do, were that practicable; because were we equally culpable we would be equally amenable to the same Law. From what has been already urged no one it is hoped will do me such Injustice as to suppose me an Advocate or a British taxa- tion over these Colonies; it is most certainly a duty with which we ought never to dispense, that of transmitting to our Posterity, the same sacred Rights which have been handed down to us by our An- cestors; and we ought to sacrifice our Property rather than relin- quish our Freedom. But if we must in defence of this glorious In- heritance sacrifice our Wealth, let us reserve it for such occasions as may render the benefits resulting from it, essentially and permanent- ly serviceable. The scheme of a Non-Commercial Association, car- (The remainder in our next) ADVERTISEMENTS. For Sale, by the Subscribers in NORFOLK. SADLERY, Oznabrigs, Kendal Cottons, Hats Checks, Nails of all Sorts; Hoes in assorted, packages, Barbadoes Rum and Spirit, choice Lisbon Wine, in Quarter Casks; Madeira Wine, in Pipes Hdd’s. and Quarter Casks; of Sterling, New York, and Virginia Qualities; Liverpool bottled Beer, Lon- don Porter, in Barrels, and half Barrels; Anchors, Cordage, &c. They have also lately imported a Cargoe of Goods, they would sell together, to the amount of about fifteen hundred pounds Sterling, at a low Advance, for present Produce, or Cash, in October, next; Consisting of the following Articles. viz. Muslins, printed Linens and printed Cottons, Calicoes, Cambricks, London pins, Cinamon, Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs, Black Pepper, Sagathys, Duroys, Durants, Tammies, Calimancoes, Fashionable Ribbons, Sattin Hats, Capuchines, sewing Silk, three fourths, seven eight’s and yard wide Manchester Checks, Printed Handkerchiefs, Jeans, Jennettes, Sattinetts, Corderoys, Dimittys, Barcelona Handkerchiefs, Bed Bunts, Ging- hams, Tobines, Damascus, Armonzeen, Rich Corded Tabby; Thread Hose, Black Silk Breetches Patterns, Felt and Castor Hats, Broad Cloaths, Hardware of most Sorts, Mens Shoes, Womens Callimancoe ditto, Delph Bowls, writing Paper, brown Paper, Ink, pow- der, Wafers, Hair Brooms, Sewing and Seine Twine, Lanthorns, Candlesticks, Tea Kettles, Coffee Pots, Shot, 4d. 6d. 8d. 16d. and 20d. Nails, Sheathing and Deck Nails, Pipes, Saws, Grindstones Iron Potts, and Ovens; Hempen and Flaxen Russia Linens, German and blister’d Steel, Garden Spades, Frying Pans, Sprigs of all Sorts, Queens China, Toys, Glassware, Earthen ware, of various, Sorts. &c. &c. GREENWOOD, RITSON, and MARSH. Stolen out of the House of Mr. Andrew Stevenson, in ChurchStreet, NORFOLK, A Silver Punch Ladle, with a Mohogany handle, and a Dollar in the bottom marked I C M. Whoever brings it to the Printer of this Paper shall be well Rewarded. If offered for sale, or pawn, please to stop it. NORFOLK, 8th June, 1774 THE Debts due to the Estate of Andrew M’Cree & Co. are now put into the Hands of the Subscriber, who requests the favour of all those who know Themselves to be Indebted to the Company, to Pay their respective Ballances immediately to Him, who is the only Person that can properly give them a discharge: The Accounts of those who fail so to do, will be put into the Hands of Mr. Thomas Claiborne, Attorney at Law, Norfolk. Any Person having Demands against the Concern, or against Andrew M’Cree (now deceased) are desired to make them known to WILLIAM M’CREE The above Advertisement is agreeable to JAMES AGNEW. </div> <h5>Page 2</h5> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 1</h6> From Sketches of the History of Man, written by LORD KAMES. THE sense of property, weak among savages, ripens gradually till it arrives at maturity in polished nations. In every stage of the progress, some new power is added to property; and now for centu- ries, men have enjoyed every power over their own goods, that a rational mind can desire: they have the free disposal during life; and even after death by naming an heir. These powers are suffici- ent for accomplishing every rational purpose. They are sufficient for commerce, and they are sufficient for benevolence. But the ar- tificial wants of men are boundless: not content with the full en- joyment of their property during life, nor with the prospect of its being enjoyed by a favourite heir, they are anxiously bent to pre- serve it to themselves forever. A man who has amassed a great estate in land, is miserable at the prospect of being obliged to quit his hold: to sooth his diseased fancy, he makes a deed securing it for ever to certain heirs, who must without end bear his name and pre- serve his estate entire. Death, it is true, must at last separate him from his idol; it is some consolation, however, that his will go- verns and gives law to every subsequent proprietor. How repug- nant to the frail state of man are such swollen conceptions! Upon these however are founded entails which have prevailed in many parts of the world, and unhappily at this day infest Scotland. Did entails produce no other harm but the gratification of a distempered appetite for property, they might be endured, though far from deser- ving approbation; but like other transgressions of nature and rea- son, they are productive of much mischief, not only to commerce, but to the very heirs for whose benefit it is pretended they are made. Considering that the law of nature has bestowed on man, every power of property that is necessary either for commerce or for be- nevolence, how blind was it in the English legislature to add a most irrational power, that of making an entail! But men will al- ways be mending; and when a lawgiver ventures to tamper with the laws of nature, he hazards much mischief. We have a pregnant instance above, of an attempt to mend the laws of God, in many absurd regulations for the poor; and that the law author of entails is another instance of the same kind, will be evident from what follows. The mischievous effects of English entails were soon discovered: they occasioned such injustice and oppression, that even the judges ventured to relieve the nation from them by an artificial form, term- ed fine and recovery. And yet, though no man would desire more power over his estate than he has by common law, the legislature of of Scotland enabled every man to fetter his estate forever; to tyrannize over his heirs; and to reduce their property to a shadow, by prohibi- ting alienation; and by prohibiting the contracting debt, were it ever to redeem the proprietor from death or slavery. Thus many a man, fonder of his estate than of his wife and children, grudges the use of it to his natural heirs, reducing them to the state of life- renters. Behold the consequences. A number of noblemen and gentlemen among us, lie in wait for every parcel of land that comes to market. Intent upon aggrandizing their family, or rather their estates, which is the favourite object, they secure every purchase by an entail; and the same course will be followed, till no land be left to be purchased. Thus every entailed estate in Scotland becomes in effect a mortmain, admitting additions without end, but absolutely barring any alienation; and if the legislature interpose not, the pe- riod is not distant, when all the land will be locked up by entails, and withdrawn from commerce. The purpose of the present essay, is to set before our legisla- ture, cooly and impartially, the distructive effects of a Scotch en- tail. I am not so sanguine as to hope, that men, who convert means into an end, and avaritiously covet land for its own sake, will be prevailed upon to regard, either the interest of their country, or of their posterity; but I would gladly hope, that the legislature may be roused to give attention to a natural object of no slight im- portance. I begin with effects of a private or domestic nature. To the posses- sor, an entail is a constant source of discontent, by subverting that liberty and independance, which all men covet with respect to their goods as well as their persons. What can be more vexatious to a proprietor of a great land estate, than to be barred from the most laudable acts, suitable provisions, for example, to a wife and child- ren, not to mention numberless acts of benevolence, that endear individuals to each other, and make society comfortable. Were he ever so industrious, his fields must lie waste, for what man will lay out his money upon an estate that is not his own. A great proportion of the land in Scotland, is in such a state, that by laying out a thou- sand pounds or so, an intelligent proprietor may add a hundred pounds a year to his rent roll. But an entail effectually bars that improvement: it affords the proprietor no credit; and supposing him to have the command of money independent of the estate, he will be ill-fated if he have not means to employ it more profita- bly for his own interest. An entail, at the same time, is no better than a trap for an improvident possessor; to avoid altogether the contracting debt is impracticable; and if a young man be guided more by pleasure than by prudence, which commonly is the case of young men; a vigilant and rapacious substitute, taking advan- tage of a forfeiting clause, turns him out of possession, and delivers him over to want and misery. But an entail is productive of consequences still more dismal, even with respect to heirs. A young man, upon whom the family estate is entailed, without any power reserved to the father, is not commonly obsequious to advice, nor patiently submissive to the fa- tigues of education: he abandons himself to pleasure, and indulges his passion without controul. In one word, there is no situation more subversive of morals, than that of a young man bred up from infancy in the certainty of inheriting an opulent fortune. The condition of the other children, daughters especially, is com- monly deplorable. The proprietor of a large entailed estate, leaves at his death children who have acquired a taste for sumptuous living. The sons drop of one by one and a number of daughters remain, with a scanty provision, or perhaps with none at all. A collateral male heir succeeds, who, after a painful search, is discovered in some remote corner, qualified to procure bread by the spade or the plough, but entirely unqualified for behaving as master of an opulent fortune. By such a metamorphosis, the poor man makes a ludicrous figure, while the daughters, reduced to indigence, are in a situation much more lamentable than are the brats of beggars. Our entails produce another domestic evil, for which no proper re- medy is provided, The sums permitted in most entails to younger chil- dren, however adequate when the entail is made, become in time too scanty, by a fall in the value of money, and by an increase of luxury, which is peculiarly hard upon daughters of great families; the provisions destined for them will not afford them bread, and they cannot hope to be suitably matched, without a decent fortune. If we adhere to entails, nunneries ought to be provided. The remainder of this excellent essay, shewing the public evils of entails, will be inserted in a future paper. EUROPEAN INTELLIGENCE. LETTERS from Madrid, of very good authority, mention, that orders have been issued to complete all their Regiments, and to build twenty new Men of War. The Court of Lisbon has just entered into a treaty with the Em- peror of Morocco; and the Portuguese Ambassador has obtained leave to reside at Morocco, and to export corn to Portugal. They write from Parma, that in the beginning of this month, many terrible shocks of an earthquake had been felt there, by which the bulwarks of several fortresses have been greatly damaged. By dispatches arrived here form our Grand Bailiff at Constanti- nople, we learn that on the 17th ult. the new Sultan had sent two Chatti Cheriffs to the Divan, which was read before the full Divan; that his Sublime Highness is immoveably resolved to carry on the war with Russia at any expence, and to give ear to no proposals of peace whatever. </div> <div class="”column”"> <h6>Clolumn2</h6> The Senate of VENICE, received dispatches from the Governor of the Isle of Zante; and since that time they assemble every day, and continue sitting till very late in the evening; and although their debates are a profound secret, yet, as the Admirals of our fleet are present at all the assemblies, we can be almost certain, that the measures which are to be taken against the Russian fleet, are the subject of their deliberations; and it is confidently asserted, that something very extraordinary happened between some of our armed vessels and those of the Russians near the Island Corfu, to the ad- vantage of the latter; but it is not properly authenticated. By the same channel we are informed, that the Sultan has noti- fied to all the foreign ministers his ascension to the throne; and that he is inclined to keep the strictest friendship with all the Christian powers that shall remain neuter in the present war; but those who do interfere, shall feel the resentment of the offended Porte. They write from Rome, that his Holiness has send private orders to the Chevalier Stuart, (commonly called the Pretender) that he shall not appear in public during the time that the Duke of Cum- berland shall stay there. We learn from Morocco, that it is expected the disputes between the Emperor and the States of Holland will, at last, come to a rup- ture. They add, that the Dutch Consul there, has delivered a let- ter from the States-General to the Emperor, in which they commu- nicated to him their ultimate resolution; but nothing farther is made known. LONDON. They write from Marseilles, that four large East Indiamen, viz. the Superbe and Broglio, of 1200 tons each; the Duras and Pen- thievre, of 1000 tons each, sailed off from L’Orient for the East Indies. Yesterday an express arrived at the India House, with an account of the plague which rages at Persia, by which one million of people have died; as likewise, two hundred thousand at Bossora. Yesterday a patent, confirming the appointment of General Gage to be Governor of the Province of Massachusett’s Bay, in North America, passed the Seal. At a sociable masquerade a few days ago, in a public house near Soho-square, an unknown mask appeared in the character of Filch, and accordingly filled it so well, as to fill his pockets with almost all, the pocket handkerchiefs in company, and rolled out of doors with his booty, singing. Thursday night a woman was perceived floating in the New Ri- ver; she was taken out quite dead and carried to the Thatched House, where she was discovered to be Mrs. Holles, of Islington. It is supposed she fell into the water by accident, the causeway along the side of the river having been rendered extremely slippery by the late rains. Thursday in the afternoon about three o’clock, three men dressed like sailors, entered the house of Mr. Reydon, brandy merchant, near Deptford, and after securing the family, plundered the house of notes and cash to a very considerable amount, with which they got clear off. Yesterday the wife of one Aaron Brethwin, a barber, in Oxford- street, was apprehended and committed to prison, for wounding an officer, (who came to arrest her husband, in so terrible a manner in the belly) with a carving knife, that it is thought impossible for him to recover. They write from Constantinople, that 500 French Engineers ar- rived there lately, and were immediately sent to the army of the Grand Vizir. We are likewise informed, that the new Sultan, in a speech to the Divan, encouraged them to continue the war, and and concluded by observing, “That they might be assured of suc- cess from the greatness of their treasures and the number of their forces, and still more so from the envy and jealousy of the Christian powers and their dissention, which has always been the strongest bulwark of the Turkish Empire; and that he is sure enough there are many Christian powers that have more interest in the triumph of the Turks than in that of the Russians, and who, in case of ne- cessity, would be ready to join the arms of the sublime Porte.” Advice was received by Admiral Spiritow, at the rendezvous at Pa- ros, that the Captain Bassa had dispatched a squadron of three large ships, a frigate, and four gallies, to surprize the garrisons at Sciros, and retake that island. On the receipt of this intelligence, the Ad- miral dispatched four frigates, and a ship of 50 guns, to oppose their design. This small squadron came up with the Turks within half a league of the island, and an engagement began, in which one of the Russian frigates was burnt, one taken, and the 50 gun ship ran ashore. Advices from Petersburgh mention that accounts frequently ar- rive there of the defeat of parties of the rebels of Orenbourgh and Casan. A letter from Warsaw, dated March 19. says, “By a Courier who has this morning arrived here with dispatches to the Russian Minister, we learn that the main body of the Rebels under Pugatsi- cheffe received a considerable defeat on the 3d instant at Samara by Gen. Bibicow. The General had invested the city of Samara, which was garrisoned by a large party of the Rebels, and was on the point of being carried by him, when Pugatscheffe with a body of men came from Casan to its relief. The Russians were advantage- ously posted, and had a fine train of artillery, which did much exe- cution. Pugatscheffe was routed, and obliged to return to Casan with the loss of near 5000 men killed and taken prisoners.” A letter from a Gentleman at Scarborough, to his friend in York, dated March 31, says, “We have got a town almost full of emigrants, waiting for a fair wind to transport themselves they know not where. There are some people of good fortune amongst them; but the greater number seem to want that ingredient, and expect to find it in the wilds of Nova-Scotia. I am afraid they will be mi- serably mistaken.” We hear from Stockton, that preparations are making there by many respectable families, in order to emigrate to America. The commerce of the Baltic is like to be entirely ruined; for be- sides its being greatly harrassed by the King of Prussia, it has just received a check from the King of Denmark, who has prohibited the importation of corn to Norway, unless it be for Danish, Sles- wick or Holstein accounts. Yesterday a boy flying his kite in St. James’s Park, the tail fixed on a tree, and a carpenter going by, seeing the lad weeping, got up the tree, and in endeavouring to get the kite, the limb broke, and he fell on his head and died in a few minutes. A Gentleman proposes the following, as a plan for American taxation: ”First, Let the special taxes be removed, and no more laid on the goods exported from hence, and imported in our American co- lonies: Instead thereof, let it be enacted, That ”Second, A yearly tax be imposed in a general indefinite way on each of the Colonies: To be every year proportioned and raised by themselves, as follows: Third, Let the fundamental ruling principle of such propor- tion be the sum total of whatever money we yearly raised at home among ourselves.———From this principle, it will undeniably follow, that they Americans can never be taxed for any thing but for what we shall first have taxed ourselves. Fourth, Let the respective Colonies, as soon as they find it convenient, (after they are apprised of the quantum of such sum total) proceed in their respective General Assemblies, with the ap- probation of their Governor, to raise each of them such a further to the said sum total as the ability of such Colony may be adjudged able to bear, to the ability of Great Britain; such proportion to be estimated by them according to the circumstances of the case, and the state of exports, imports, the number of their people, the pro- duce of the country, &c.” * A large port town in Asiatic, Turkey, on the river Euphrates. </div> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 3</h6> A great quantity of tents and camp equipage are ordered to be embarked for NORTH AMERICA. We hear that the bill for regulating the government of the pro- vince of Massachusett’s Bay, is the last that will be brought in re- lative to American affairs this session. The many bankruptcies which have of late happened at the prin- cipal trading towns of France are attributed to the obstruction of their African trade, which is occasioned by the Russians; and we are informed that their Court has informed the Russian Ambassador there, that the behaviour of the Russians towards the French flag was inconsistent with neutrality; but whatever the cause may be, it seems as if the credit of the nation and of the subjects of that king- dom were entirely at an end. That prince of men Lord Sandwich, has lately sowed the seeds of his virtue in Leadenhall-street, where they thrive so fast that a fine plant is already raised, and because it is not well out of the womb of time, his Lordship calls it Wombwell. The said correspondent observes, that a partnership account will soon be opened between the Naval Premier, and George Wombwell, who are to join a very large stock of modesty and virtue. My Lord has pledged his credit (and his word is as good as the security of the Bank) that Wombwell shall have a seat for Huntingdon, and be one of the Directors of the East-India Company, for which the mer- chant will give a very valuable consideration. This happy con- nexion has already ruined the credit of poor George, who is now known upon change as a man of as much honesty, modesty, and virtue, as Lord Sandwich. The Duke d’Aguillon, the present prime minister of France, is not a little uneasy at the approaching dissolution of his ministry and interest; nature being exhausted in the King, it cannot be much longer supplied by the warmth of a female favourite. Whenever his dissolution arrives, there will be an end to Madame de Barre, and to the interest of the Duke d’Auguillon, who will have the mortification to yield to the Duke de Choiseuil’s party, who are now in disgrace, through the intrigues of a woman. The same correspondent observes, that the Dauphin is a Prince of great merit, who detests the arts and tricks of Barre and her party, and that on the death of the King, there is no doubt but Choiseuil and his friends will be restored, and in greater power than ever. Madame de Barre is a very extraordinary character, by means of a little tenement, she has industriously raised herself to such a de- gree of power as to govern France. That great empire is now led by an ambitious woman, of no birth; but when the Dauphin reigns. and Choiseuil is again at the helm, France will be again governed by a man of great abilities and great virtues. The disgrace which has long attended the admininistration of France, like a cloud, will then disappear, and manly sense will shine with greater splendor. An American Merchant says, that the most easy and natural me- thod to reconcile the differences between Great Britain and her Co- lonies, and to preserve the dependency of America and the digni- ty of the mother country is, by granting the Colonies the liberty to have manufactures of their own, and a foreign trade in British ves- sels, under the sanction of their own representation and taxation; this, he says, is on the principle of the Americans, and consistent with the true interest and dignity of Great-Britain. The same gentleman says, that if the ministry will hear truth and reason, and let virtue and justice hold the scale, the differences might, soon be settled to the satisfaction of the colonies and the mother country. The late act regarding the Bostonians, says an Americans, seem to be well calculated both for chastising and soothing those people to a future observance of that duty which the mother-country de- mands from them; whilst the other colonists of that continent es- cape the rigour of that art, by an apparent disapprobation of their conduct. But believe it who will, that they only disapproved of a part of it, as they themselves now do; and that every other part demonstrative of oppositlon to every ministerial measure, supposed to be an infringement upon their liberties, will turn out so far pre- cedental to them, that their similar oppositions to the like real or imaginary grievances, must a length impel our government to de- stroy the trade of every sea-port there, and Great-Britain also with these people, which already seems irrecoverable. The Americans, says a correspondent, never murmured at the na- vigation-act, but the stamp-act stirred up such resentment in them, as to only dissemble a slight kind of commerce with us from that period, until it entirely dwindled away into a more profitable fair, or illicit trade with other nations; which is at this time found ra- ther too endearing to be relinquished. We learn from good authority, that General Barker, at the head of the Company’s forces, has drove the Marratas from the country of the Rohilla’s, and has preserved the valuable and rich possessions of our allies and neighbours the Rohilla’s, and the Visier Sujah Dowlah from the depredation of those powers, and with one brigade forded the River Ganges at Ramgant, and obliged the Mo- rattas to retire to the Decan, after having ravaged, with uninter- rupted sway, for four years, the countries of the King, Rohillas’ and Jauts, and Patans. Perfect peace and tranquillity being restored in those parts, it is said the General is returning to Europe, having ended this short campaign much to his own honour, and the great emolument of the Company. The master of a Dutch vessel arrived in the river from Cadiz in- forms us that while he was in the bay four Spanish ships of the line, and five transports sailed for the West Indies, with troops for the reinforcement of their garrisons; that the Spaniards had besides in the bay one ship of the line, and two frigates, and that three more of the line were expected to come out of the harbour in a few days. The Dog Star rages very much at this time among the ladies of quality. The lady of a celebrated nobleman has been discovered at a Bagnio with her gallant; and another amour is detected between an Irish Lord and a Noble Countess. A report prevails here, that the French are fitting out a large fleet at Toulon, intended for the Mediterranean, to assist the Turks against the Russians. April 6th, One David Ingoe, a Black, went to the lodgings of Judith Monk, a prostitute, near Old Street, and cut her throat in so shocking a manner with a large clasp knife, that she expired in a few minutes. It seems the girl, who had lain in about five weeks, had swore he was the father of the child, which, it is said, occa- sioned his committing the horrid deed. The delinquent made his escape. Every night this week several persons have been found lying in the streets of this metropolis dead——drunk. The Prussians have begun to fix up new eagles. The first is in Cujavia, a league from Thorn, on the Vistula; and the other is be- hind Zadrose. It is said that, they will extend the frontiers to Lowlezeck, three miles from Thorn, and from thence towards Lu- braniec and Colo. Seven waggons laden with boundary posts and eagles are arrived at the estate of M. Niewieszinski at Branic. Extract oif a Letter from Berlin, March 20. ”Our Monarch is highly exasperated at the behaviour of the Dantzic magistrates, who have refused to own his sovereignty over that city, or to deliver up to him all the inhabitants there of what is called New Prussia. The King has therefore dispatched his ulti- matum to M. Reichard his agent there, whom he has ordered to inform the magistrates, that they shall immediately submit in eve- ry respect to his authority, or should they make any resistance, the city shall be treated as a conquered one in the time of war. This ultimatum his Majesty has taken proper means to enforce, by or- dering several detachments of troops to block up the city.” They write from the Hague that Prince Gallitzin has just recei- ved advices of the taking of Casan by General Bibikow’s troops. Letters from Cadiz, advise, that the greatest naval preparations are now making in the Spanish ports. We learn, by Letters from Bucharest, the capital city of Wal- lachia, of the 10th March, that the whole Grand Russian Army was in Motion, and hourly expected to march. We are in hopes they will be able to pass the Danube. </div> <h5>Page 3</h5> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 1</h6> April 21. Lord North presented to the Speaker several extracts of letters, and the third Boston Bill, “ for the impartial admini- stration of justice in the cases of persons questioned for any acts done by them in the execution of the law, or for the suppression of riots and tumults, in the province of Massachusett’s Bay.” The Bill was read a first time; upon which Mr. Sawbridge arose, and observed, that it breathed nothing but a spirit of despotism throughout; that it was but a part of that tyrannic system which accompanied the whole of our conduct towards the Americans; that they deserved every act of injustice Administration had hitherto devised to inflict on them, if they were such creatures, such mean, abject wretches, such tame, willing slaves, to submit to the present bill; that the proposed mode of trial was the most extraordinary that was ever heard of; for who were the persons who could be prevailed on to come to England to give evidence of a fact which was committed at Boston; and sure to force them to make such a voyage, would be cruelty in the extreme. All the material parliamentary business it is expected will be fini- shed by Thursday, the 12th of May. Extract of a Letter from Portsmouth, April 4. :The East India Judges, and other passengers, embarked on Sa- turday on board the India ships, but they cannot proceed on their voyage as the wind is changed to the westward.” Orders are sent to the Commanders of the men of war appointed for the protection of the Newfoundland Fishery, to be in the Downs on or before the 1st of next month. Extract of a Letter from Venice, March 14. ”An action has just happened between two small squadrons. of the Russian and Turkish fleets, in which the latter were overcome. We have a number of ships fitting out in this port, which are or dered for Spithead with all expedition; but their destination is not yet known, but is thought for America. From the LONDON GAZETTE. April 5. PETERSBURGH, March 11. By the last accounts received from General Bibikow, we have great reason to believe that he will soon be able to disperse the rebels. A caravan arrived here yesterday with a large quantity of silver, and some gold, from Cathrineburg. A report prevails at the West end of the town, that Governor Pownall is shorty to be appointed to a North American government. America, at the lowest computation, is supposed to contain three millions of souls, which, at an average tax of 6s- 8d. for each per- son, would produce a revenue of one million sterling. The King was attended yesterday to the House of Peers by the Duke of Ancaster and the Earl of Oxford; when his Majesty gave the royal assent to 29 public and private bills, including those men- tioned yesterday, and also to the following, viz. The bill for continuing an act for establishing certain free ports in Jamaica. The House of Peers yesterday adjourned to the 14th instant, and the Commons to the 12th. The bill to allow further time for the inrolment of deeds and wills made by Papists, &c. The bill to dissolve the marriage of Richard Heatly, and to enable him to marry again. An act for regulating the width and length of wheel-carriages, and for mending and explaining an act of the 13th of his present Majesty, and for indemnifying persons offending against the said act. The bill to enable the Duke of Buccleugh, the Duke of Queens- bury, &c. to reduce certain annuities granted by the Company of the Bank of Ayr in Scotland. Of the five flaming patriots that figured away in the year 1770, Cornwall and Meridith have fallen, Germaine and Barre are totter- ing, and Burke alone keeps his former position. Advice is said to have just been received, that a French ship of force from Brest, bound for the West Indies, in her passage has plun- dered several trading vessels and schooners. It is added, that she sunk a ship belonging to New York, because they did not immedi- ately bring too when they were ordered. Trade is the body politic as blood to the body-corporate; if it has its free circulation, it is apt to relieve the wounded, or most needy part of society (the meanest); but if obstructed by limitations, restrictions, and confinement, or otherways disordered in motion, it will probably weaken one part and over-nourish another. These effects shew the injury which monopolies do to society, and the ne- cessity of making trade free and open to all. Great riches in private men is dangerous in all states, and great poverty in the rest produ- ces equal mischief in a free government. They are evils which re- quire serious attention, and a more equal distribution. In their present state they both make too violent an alteration in property, and must necessarily produce violent convulsions in government. We hear from a person whose veracity we can depend on, that L—— N—— has a design of suppressing the East India and all other Companies, to lay the trade open and free. This sensible and spiri- ted p——m——r very judiciously observes, that monopolies are e- qually dangerous in trade, in politics, and religion: A free trade, a free government, and a free liberty of conscience, are the undeni able rights and the blessings of mankind. The East India Company have thought on a mode of legislature at a period when their dissolution approaches, and at a time when they will have no power to carry it into execution. The Ministry are concerting measures for AMERICA, but do not consider how dif- ficult it will be at this distance to carry them into execution by force against the Sense and Interest of the People. The Ministry deceive themselves if they think of executing measures in the Colonies with as much facilitation as they propose them and carry them through the House of Commons. Lord Chatham is silent, Capt. Phipps is a convert to the doc- trine of Administration, and the able Lord Germaine is steering due NORTH; so that the ablest advocates in opposition to the Ministry have received their price, and deserted the colours of Fame to fight under the more lucrative banners of Administration. Lord North has certainly proved himself the ablest FINANCIER and the greatest STATESMAN that we have had for many years: with regard to the former, the happy condition to which he has brought the affairs of the East-India Company, our Gold Coin, and the re- venue of the State, is a proof which nobody can deny: and with respect to the latter, his abilities and address have defeated the op- posite party, and brought over the ablest members of opposition to his interest. Administration, it is said, have relaxed in their proposed mea- sures towards the Bostonians; and it is now whispered, that the re- gulating Bill will be withdrawn, if they pay obedience to the Boston Port Bill, and the latter be likewise never enforced on certain im- plied conditions. A correspondent assures us that the famed Dr. Goldsmith took James’s Powder contrary to the earnest entreaties of his apothecary, which produced such disagreable consequences as in the end proved fatal. When so great a man has been lost to society by taking a fashionable Medecine, it is hoped that it will be a lesson to all our Readers not to take any noted nostrum whatever without consulting a Physician. It has been estimated that during the unhappy disagreements with the Colonies, Great Britain, exclusive of the Government duties, sustained a loss of more than 500 Guineas per day. When a certain Great Personage reviewed the 43d regiment on Saturday last, he told one of the officers, to march the men, and quarter them at Halifax; about an hour afterwards, counter orders were sent, desiring the Men, to hold themselves in readiness, to em- bark for abroad at an hours notice. The above Regiment, it is said, is the Regiment fixed upon to go to Boston. Captain Phipps expatiated largely on the merits of General Gage. He urged many powerful reasons against bringing the offen- ders to be tried in Great-Britain; dealt pretty freely with the cha- racter of Governor Hutchinson, as a Governor, a Politician, and a Man; and said, the public were little indebted to him at either side of the Atlantic. </div> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 2</h6> The Bostonians have declared, that rather than submit to the tyranny of the Mother Country, they will abandon the Sea Coast, and associate with the native Indians in the back country. There is no extraordinary supply of military stores or camp equi- page ordered to America, nor is it the intention of the Ministey to act with severity, if it can possibly be avoided. A correspondent desires to be informed, whither it would not be adviseable to establish a Parliament in America for the Colonies, and choose the centrical place for that purpose. The workmen are repairing the Proof House on Tower wharf; as it is imagined there will soon be plenty of work for the persons em- ployed here. We are informed, the inhabitants of Canada have sent over to England a petition, praying for the establishment of a Legislature in that Province. BRISTOL, April 2. Last Saturday Wm. Brown a Journeyman Woolcomber at Wells, cut his throat and soon expired.——The eve- ning before, the father of a young woman that he courted, forbade him his house: enraged at this treatment, he went to the Serjeant of a Regiment that lies in that City to enlist; they sat up very late, and it was then agreed for them to sleep together. The Serjeant got up early in the morning to write a letter, and left his penknife on the table, with which this young man committed the rash deed. The young woman he courted is almost distracted, and his parents are inconsolable. Wednesday Sir John Dalrymple, at the bar of the House of Com- mons, as an instance of the loyalty of the town of Glasgow, told the following story, and desired the House would attend to him: ” When the Pretender was to pass through Glasgow, he sent notice to the Inhabitants a day before, in order that they might pre- pare to receive him; but the Inhabitants detesting the man, and knowing the unjustness of the cause he was engaged in, instead of appearing joyful of the honour intended to be conferred upon them, all shut up their shops and windows, and the whole town seemed to be in mourning; this (added Sir John) had such an effect on Charly, that it struck more dampness on his and his followers spirits, than if they had seen 100,000 English soldiers and cannon before them; and, as a further proof of the loyalty of Glasgow, there was but one person in the whole town that joined the Pretender; this person (ad- ded Sir John) had the good luck not the be taken by the English, but the town of Glasgow would not suffer such a rebel to escape pu- nishment; for on his return to Glasgow they hung him up in the pu- blic market, as a disapprobation of his conduct.” HOUSE of COMMONS May 24th. At a quarter past three o’clock Lord North came, and the order of the day, for the whole House going into a Committee on the Boston bill, was read. The Speaker left the chair, and the House resolved itself into a Committee, Mr. Grey Cowper, Chairman. Lord North spake for a considerable time in support of the bill, and the clauses were all agreed to, and the blanks filled up. The Committee broke up immediately, and made their report, when the bill was ordered to be read a second time immediately and ingrossed. Mr. R. Fuller made a motion, that instead of the Boston bill, a fine of 20,000£. be inflicted on the Bostonians for their demolishing the tea belonging to the East India Company. The motion occasi oned a debate of upwards of four hours, the principal speakers in which were Lord North, Mr. Jenkinson, Mr. Herbert, General Conway, Mr. Gascoigne, Mr. Ward, Colonel Barre, and Mr. Mon- tague. On the opposite side, Mr. Byng, Mr. Dempster, Mr. Fuller, Mr. C. Fox, Mr. Oliver. EXTRACT of a Letter from Jassy, Feb. 22. ”Advices have arrived here that several detachments of the Russi- an army which were posted on some islands of the Danube near to Silistria have been attacked and drove from thence by the Turks, who have become possessed of all the cannon, ammunition, &c. and two large magazines of corn. This unexpected stroke has much em- barrassed the Russians, as the troops were placed on those islands to to favour the crossing of the army, in order to make a fresh attack on Silistria. The Turkish posts are full of men, and well supplied with provisions, ammunition, &c. especially at Widdin, Caranson, Bazardie, and Varna.” IRELAND. Yesterday arrived a mail from Ireland, by which we received the first Faulkners Dublin Journal, with the stamp. In this paper Mr. Faulkner tells us, “ In consequence of the heavy Stamp Tax being laid on all news papers, the coffee house people have, in consequence thereof, without an Act of Parliament laid an additional duty of a halfpenny on each cup of tea and coffee, and three halfpence on every breakfast eat at their houses in the morning, by raising the price from six-pence halfpenny to eightpence, Such are the good and blessed effects of the Stamp Act.” We hear from Dublin, that most of the soldiers of the regiments expecting orders from Ireland to America, who know and know not that country, openly bespeak themselves the happiness of handsome wives, comfortable lots of land, and habitations on that Continent, by a full exercise of their industry, and a removal of their present stations, first caused by a decay of its encouragement in their native country, by the oppressions of their masters and landlords. PHILADELPHIA. EXTRACT of a letter from a Gentleman near Glasgow to his Friend in this City March 14, 1774. ” The distress of the common people here is deeper and more gene- ral than you imagine. There is an almost total stagnation in our manufactures, and grain is dear; many hundreds of labourers and mechanics, especially weavers in this neighbourhood have lately in- dented and gone to America, to be employed in the work of that country for full four years. If any of your colonies desire to set up manufactures of linen, of stamping, &c. they have now an oppor- tunity as favourable they could wish for; they may immediately get from this country plenty of workmen as well skilled in these manu- actures as any they will leave behind. But I hear it is affirmed by- smany, that poor people in general are like to be as unhappy in Ame- rica as at home. ” Some of our half politicians were so far left to themselves, that they wrote lately to a Secretary of State with the view of stopping emigrations to America by some coercive acts. Letters were wrote by Sheriffs to Highland ministers desiring them to make up lists of all who had emigrated from their respective parishes, for two years past. The Highand clergy, some of them at least, were alarmed, imagining there was some design to make them tools of oppression and tyranny. The aim is silly beyond measure, for if such an act was made, it would have just the contrary effect of what was inten- ded by it.” To the INHABITANTS of the CITY and COUNTY of PHILADELPHIA. THIS DAY being the first of June, when the inhabitants of the town of Boston, our brethren and fellow subjects, suffering in the common cause of liberty, are to have their port and harbour shut up——and to be excluded from all commercial intercourse, ex- cept an allowance of wood and provisions just necessary to keep them from perishing with want and cold, in consequence of an act of Parliament lately passed for that purpose. Many of the inhabi- tants of this city, of most denominations propose to express their sympathy and concern, for their distressed brethren, by suspending business on this day: and will be glad of the concurrence of such of their fellow citizens, as approve of the measure. To the PRINTERS of the PENSILVANIA JOURNAL. OBSERVING in the Pensilvania packet of this day, a Notifi- cation “ that a number of persons composed of the members </div> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 3</h6> ” of all the Societies in this city met, and unanimously agreed, that it ” would be proper to express their sympathy, for their brethren ” at Boston, by suspending all business on the first day of next ” month.”—The people called Quakers, tho’ tenderly sympathising with the distressed, and justly sensible of the value of our religious and civil rights and that it is our duty to assert them in a christian spirit; yet, in order to obviate any misapprehensions, which may be concerning us, think it necessary to declare, that no person or persons were authorized to represent us on this occasion, and if any of our community have counteranced or encouraged this proposal they have manifested great inattention to our religious principles and profession, and acted contrary to the rules of christian discipline esta- blished for the preservation of order and good government among us. Signed on behalf, and at the desire of the Elders and Overseers of the several meetings of our religious society in Philadelphia and other Friends met on the occasion, the 30th of the 5th month, 1774. JOHN REYNELL. JAMES PEMBERTON. SAMUEL NOBLE. To all the ENGLISH COLONIES of NORTH-AMERICA. Laws, that shocks Equity, is Reason’s Murder. Hills Merope. REMEMBER the fable of the bundle of sticks given by the fa- ther to his sons; it could not be broken, until it was divided.— We must stand or fall together: for the Boston port act carries in it principle and effects the certain, if not immediate destruction of all the liberties in America, the ruin of all our property, and greatly endangers the safety of our persons; its nature is so malignant, and its operation will be so fatal to our whole temporal happiness, that it cannot fail to awaken the attention of all America. The most deliberate widom, the steady council, and firm resolution of Ame- rica, never was, and it is hardly conceivable, ever can be more ne- cessary than in this dreadful crisis. I don’t pretend to be able to comprehend all the evils, or to point out all the consequences of that affirming Statute: but a few, that occur, appear to me, to deserve great consideration. 1. The Legislative power, by which it was enacted, is founded in a direct violation of the most essential and fundamental principle of the English constitution, viz. that no Englishman shall be bound by any law, to which he has not consented. 2. The ordinary object of human laws is either the attainment of some benefit, resulting therefrom or the remedy of a mischief. But this is a mere statute of Vengeance, wreaked on the Bostonians, for opposing the Parliamentary Duty on Tea, and is therefore a practical proof, as well as dreadful sample of a disposition in the British Parliament to hurl mighty destruction against all who oppose their impositions, whenever it is in their power to cause their resent- ment to be felt. 3. The interest ruined by this Act of Parliamentary Vengeance is immense, ’tis the trade and navigation of an antient metropolis of one of the richest and oldest provinces of English America, whose dignity and merit are second to none on this continent, whose inha- bitants are almost wholly of English descent whose affection for the English nation, and attachment to the Hanoverian succession have been rapturously warm, whose patience and perseverance, whose ex- pence of lives and treasure in commencing and extending the con- quests and settlements of English America, all far exceed the utmost claim or boast of any other English Colony: But they oppose the Tea Duty; therefore their merit is forgotten, their honour is laid in the dust; their interest obtrained by long painful industry, to the a- mount of hundreds of thousands, is ruined, their traitors are cheri- shed and encouraged, their humble and dutiful Petitions are rejec- ted, their claims of right, founded in nature, in the English consti- tution, and in their Charter, under the sacred sanction of the public faith, are spurned out of sight, with anger and contempt. 4. The extent and operation of this baneful Act is mostly con- fined to the harbour of Boston, and its appendages, but its prin- ciple extends to every inch of English America. The Bostonians have as good a right to their harbour, their shipping, their wharves, and landing places, as they have to their houses, gardens, streets, commons, country seats, and plantations; and as good a right as the Philadelphians have to theirs, and therefore, nothing can be more manifest, than this, viz. That the same principle, the same power, that can seize on and wrest the one, can, with equal right and authority seize on and wrest all the others, out of the hands and use of their present proprietors, and therefore it follows by a consequence, which I dare say, the British Parliament don’t mean to deny, that if we presume to oppose any Act they may make, however oppressive and tyrannical we may deem it, or even to af- front any peevish officer they may appoint over us, or without any of these, if they should even conceit we affront them, or if without even such conceit, they should take it into their heads to exercise the ab- surd plenitude of their power over us; I say, in any of these cases, the same Parliamentary Power which has deprived the Bostonians of their harbour, wharves, landing-places, &c. can, with equal au- thority, deprive any and every English Colony on the continent of theirs, and accordingly send a sufficient force of ships and soldiers, to stop every port in them, and put an end to all their navigation and trade, and not that only, but drive them all from their houses, streets, cities and plantations. I appeal to the Public, if these are strained consequences, and if the power, that can do the one, can- not, with equal right do all the rest. 5. This fatal Act, as far as it relates to personal convenants and contracts only makes void all bills of lading, charter parties, &c. relating to vessels and cargoes destined to the port of Boston, and which may arrive there after the first day of June next; but the principle of this, manifestly extends to all written contracts and co- venants whatever sealed or unsealed; to all deeds of lands, mortga- ges, indentures, covenants, bonds, bills, notes, receipts, &c. for there can be no doubt that the same power which is able to vacate, by sovereign authority, convenants and contracts relative to naviga- tion, made by private persons on reasonable and lawful considera- tions, can vacate also all covenants and contracts relating to inland affairs so that if we should happen to disapprove of the Tea-duty, the Boston Port Act, or any other law the British Parliament may see fit to make, we may expect soon to be visited with a law from them, vacating all our deeds of land, indentures of servants, bonds, &c. empowering all our servants to run away, and every rascal that pleases to enter on our estates and turn us out of our houses, &c. 6. This dreadful extent of power is claimed by the British Parlia- ment on whom we have not the least check, and whose natural pre- judices will ever induce them to oppress us,—they are not of our appointment, they do not hope for our votes, or fear the loss of them at future elections, they have no natural affection for us, they don’t feel for us, they never expect to see us, and therefore do not court our smiles, or dread meeting our angry countenances.—When they vote away our money, the dont at the same time give that of their own and their best friends with it, but on the contrary they ease themselves and their friends of the whole burden they lay on us, and therefore will always have strong inducements to make our burdens as heavy as possible, that they may lighten their own. In- deed in every view of this Act, it appears replete with horror, ruin and woe: to all America, it matters not where it begins to operate, no colony on the continent is exempt from its dreadful principle, nor can any one that has a seaport avoid its execution.—But how- ever ghostly, grinning and death-like, this awful threatening power lowers over us, I doubt not there are means left to America to avoid its effects and virtue enough to induce every individual to throw a- side every little consideration, and unite with unmoveable firmness in the important business of self preservation. We have reason to think this is the last effort of the power that would oppress us; if it takes place, we are undone, undone, with our posterity. If we oppose and avoid it, we may still continue to enjoy our liberties, and posterity will look back to this alarming period, and will ad- mire and boast the virtue of their ancestors that saved them from slavery and ruin. A YOUNG BROTHER. </div> <h5>Page 4</h5> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 1</h6> The INHABITANTS of the BRITISH COLONIES in AMERICA. BRETHREN, IT is not my design to travel through all the ministerial manoeu- vers respecting us, since the commencement of this Reign. It is not necessary. Sufficient, I trust, it will prove to lay before you such a series of correspondent facts, as will thoroughly convince you, —that a plan has been deliberately framed, and pertinaciously ad- hered to, unchanged even by frequent changes of Ministers, un- checked by any intervening gleam of humanity, to sacrifice to a passion for arbitrary dominion the universal property, liberty, safe- ty, honour, happiness and prosperity of us, unoffending, yet devoted Americans——And that every man of us is deeply interested in the fate of our brethren of Boston. If such a series is not laid before you, the combined force of which shall tear up by the roots, and throw out of your bosoms, every lurking doubt, censure me as an enthusiast too violently warm- ed by a sense of the injustice practised against my beloved country. The danger or a father’s life once racked words from a dumb son. Worse than death, in my view, threatens our common mother. Pardon, therefore, a brother’s imperfections. Amidst a volume of institutions called Regulations——wrong at first ——corrected into other errors——again corrected——still requiring Re- gulation——and remaining after all their editions, if not like Draco’s codes of blood, yet codes of plunder——confounding by the intricacy and multiplicity of their inventions——and confiscating for having confounded*—appears the fourth of George the Third, chap. 15th, stiled “ An Act for granting certain duties in the British Colonies and Plantations in America, &c.” This was the first comet of this kind, that glared over these Colonies since their existence. Here first we find the Commons of Great-Britain “ giving and granting” our money, for the express purpose of “ raising a Revenue in America.” We, busy in guiding our ploughs, selling our timber, or failing in the circuits of traffic prescribed us, and still veering like Bees to their hive with millions of our gains, to Great-Britain, the center of our toils by land and sea, poor harmless Husbandmen and Traders! scarce observed the blow given us. Our hearts filled with confidence by con- templating the pleasing images of her generous distinguished virtues, from the splendor of which, in our judgment, those of ancient Greece and Rome hid in their diminished heads—suspicion could find no entrance. We saw, in the preamble, something of the usual forms,” for extending and securing navigation and commerce, were lulled into security, nor could suppose the stroke was aimed at our vitals. An infant that had tottered along a directed walk in a gar- den, and loaded with flowers had presented them to a mother, would as soon have expected to be knocked down by her.—— Not long were we suffered to enjoy our tranquility. The 5th of George the Third, Chapter the 12 th, the ever memorable Stamp- Act, quickly followed. By this, reciting the former act, the Com- mons of Great-Britain, gave and granted,” duties, so called, of our money on almost every piece of parchment, vellum or paper to be used in these Colonies, and declared every instrument of writing without a stamp to be void. Tax gatherers of a new kind were appointed to collect these duties. The petitions of our Assemblies previous to its passing, on notice received of the design, asserting our rights, and supplicating a respect for them, were treated with contempt. * “ Omitting the immense increase of people, by natural popula- ” tion, in the more northern Colonies, and the migration from every ” part of Europe, I am convinced the whole commercial system of ” America may be altered to advantage. You have prohibited ” where you ought to have encouraged; and you have encouraged, ” where you ought to have prohibited. Improper restraints have ” been laid on the continent in favour of the islands. You have but ” two nations to trade with in America. Would you had twenty. ” Let acts of Parliament in consequence of treaties remain, but let ” not an English minister become aCustom-house officer for Spain, ”or any foreign power. Much is wrong, much may be amend- ” ed for the general good of the whole. Mr. PITT’s Speech LONDON. VIENNA, March 31. All the accounts from the Ottoman empire mention the vast preparations making by the Turks to continue the war against Russia with vigour. The Grand Vizar’s army is prepa- ring to approach the Danube, to support several detachments which are to cross that river, to intercept all the supplies of provisions, which the Russians expect to receive by water, by cutting off all communication with their fleet. LEGHORN, March 23. According to authentic advices from the isle of Paros, the Russian Commander there has received particular orders from Petersburgh to sail immediately with the whole fleet to- wards the Dardanelles, so that the enemy may be attacked by sea and land with the greatest vigour, at one time. PARIS, April 15. The following ships have actually received or- ders to be fitted out with the utmost expedition at Toulon, viz. The Tonant of 84 guns, the Languedoc of 74 guns, the Province of 64 guns, the Intrepid of 54 guns, the Thetis of 32 guns, the Topaz of 24 guns, and the Serene of 18 guns. This fleet is to be command- ed by Admiral Count Estaing, who is appointed Governor General and Commander in Chief of his Majesty’s colonies in the East-In- dies; and we have the greatest reason to think that this fleet is de- stined for that part of the world. Lord North said, that the proposed bill was meant no other than as a temporary one to be solely dependent on its operation on the eventual conduct of the Bostonians; for he wished and hoped, there would be no occasion for enforcing it; that tho’ it was asserted, with some degree of confidence, that there were letters received from Bo- ston of good credit, which said that the town was ready to make reparation to the East-India Company for the losses they had su- stained; he was sorry to inform the House, that there was authen- tic information received yesterday, that on the last day of February, or in the month of March, the Fortune had arrived in the port of Boston with tea on board, and that the mob had assembled in a tumultuous manner, gone on board this ship, and destroyed the cargo. Lord Beauchamp said, that without some such law as the present, the soldiery would be rendered entirely useless, and their situation must be terrible indeed; if they refuse to perform their duty or obey their superiors on one hand, or execute them on the other, they would be, in all probability, equally liable to suffer. Previous to the question being delivered to the Chairman Lord North explained the intentions of the bill, traced its several out- lines, and obviated many of the probable objections that might be made to it; said, in particular, that he proposed that offenders should be removed for trial to other colonies, or, if government thought that justice could not be had there, that in case they should foe brought to Great-Britain, the expence to be paid by the public. He informed the Committee, that it was intended to send four re- giments of foot to Boston; that General Gage was to be invested with the civil and military command of the Province; and in con- formity to this arrangement, Governor Hutchinson had already taken his passage for Europe. Colonel Barre spoke very strongly against the motion, condemning with all imaginable freedom, spirit, and ability. He said he well new the temper of the people there; that they would not be drove </div> <div class="“column”"> <h6>Column 2</h6> but might be easily led; that they were tenacious of their Liberty woul not be dragooned out of them, and scorned to be slaves; the if the General must go, he should carry the sword in one hand, and the olive branch in the other; but for his part he thought it ex- tremely improper to remove the present Governor, who, in his o- pinion was a very capable and experienced man. Mr. Sollicitor General observed, that the objection raised to the mode of trial would come to nothing when properly considered; that it was an established ancient mode of proceeding, well warran- ted in reason, policy and justice; that in a recent instance, the case of the Sussex smugglers it had been found necessary; and that their crimes and that of the Bostonians were in a a great manner similar. Mr. T. Townshend agreed with Captain Phipps in all he advan- ced, except relative to the personal character of Governor Hutchin- son, on whom he bestowed very high encomiums. Mr Dowdeswell contended warmly against the motion, and took it in several lights, with great ability, and evinced, if words could e- vince, its pernicious tendency. He by no means thought with the Captain relative to either the integrity or abilities of Hutchinson. He meant not, he said, to reflect on Gen. Gage, whom he looked upon to be an experienced officer; but since he was to go, he wished he had been sent with the fleet, not before it. Hon. Mr. Montagu was violent in favour of the bill, and was by no means sparing of similies suited to an university education, but whether on the banks of the Cam, the Isis, or the neighbourhood of Leith, we will not pretend to determine. General Conway was not totally against the bill, but wished that tender conciliating measures might be adopted, and said, that al- though the noble Lord had given notice of his intentions, he was still far from being sufficiently prepared to decide with certainty up- on a question of so much delicacy, and so great a magnitude, and concluded by hoping that further time might be given. Mr. Van contended, that to adopt ilenient measures would be summit of folly, if not pusillanimity; that the inhabitants of Boston were in a state of actual rebellion, and deserved punishment suited to the enormity of their crimes. The bill is to be read a second time on Monday next, and to be printed for the use of the members. At four o’clock the order for the second reading of the bill for re- gulating the government of Massachusett’s Bay came on, which pro- duced a warm debate that continued till almost seven o’clock; when a motion being made to, committing the said bill, it passed in the affirmative without a division. EXTRACT of a Letter from COPENHAGEN, March 27. ”Baron Saldern, who has been in disgrace at the court of Pe- tersburgh, we hear, fled to Switzerland: he was discovered to have kept up a private and treacherous correspondence with the court of France during the whole time of his having been uncommonly great at the court of Petersburgh, and disclosed every thing that passed in the cabinet to France; he is likewise deprived of all his places and pensions at our court, and it is suspected that his intimate friend baron Sch———n will share the same fate.” CHARLES TOWN. HIS Honour the Lieutenant-Governor has been pleased to pro- rogue the General Assembly of this Province to Tuesday the seventh Day of June next. Thomas Fee, who murdered the Creek Indian named the Mad Turkey, at Augusta, for the apprehending of whom considerable Rewards were offered by the Governour of Georgia, the Lieute- nant-Governour of this Province, and the Superintendant of Indian Affairs, was taken up and committed to the Goal at Ninety Six; and on Saturday: April 30th, a Number of armed men came to the said Goal and demanded the Keys of the Goal, threatening him with Death if he did not immediately comply with their Com- mands, but he absolutely refusing to give up the Keys, they broke open the Doors of the Goal, took out Thomas Fee, freed him from his Irons, mounted him on a Horse, and carried him clear off. We are sorry to learn, that this daring Breach of the Laws meet with the approbation of many people in that Part of the Country, not- withstanding the very fatal Consequences which in all probability will result from it. ON Sunday last arrived here from Georgia David Taitt, Esq; Commissary of Indian Affairs for the Creek Nation appoin- ted by the Honourable John Stuart, Superintendant, &c. Mr. Taitt brought the Deputies from that Nation formerly mentioned, to Savannah and informs us. “ That the said Deputies, named E- mist signo and Neathlacco, Chiefs of the Creek Indians, upon their Arrival seemed much disappointed that the Superintendant was not there. His Excellency Sir James Wright, Baronet, wrote immedi- ately to Mr. Stuart, giving him Notice of their Arrival; but the Governour’s Letter, being sent by a Gentleman who had some busi- ness to transact at Beaufort, did not reach Mr. Stuart’s hands till April 15th, six Days after its Date. The Superintendant immediately dispatched an Express to Georgia, set out himself on the 17th, and arrived at Savannah on the 19th, before which, Sir James Wright had finished his Conferences with the Indians, who were impatient to return home, in order to prevent any evil consequences that might balaproly arise from the Murder of their countryman, named the Mad Turkey, by Thomas Fee at Augusta and which they had not heard of till their coming to Savanah; they determined, neverthe- less, to wait for the Superintendant, who met them at Sir James Wright’s House on wednesday, April 20th, when he confirmed the Governour’s Talks to them in every Respect; having fully conferred with them respecting the late Murders, and Messages sent them by this Cherokee Indians, dismissed them, after the Conference had lasted about three hours, in all Appearance very well satisfied. The same Day the Deputies set out on their Return to the Nation, and escorted beyond Ogcechie by a detachment of the Grenadier and light Infantry Companies ofMilitia.” NEW HAMPSIRE. EXTRACT of a Letter from the Committee of Correspondence for Portsmouth, dated May 19, 1774. to the Committee of Corre- sponucede for the Town of Boston. ” We think the late Act Parliament to shut up the Port of Boston of a most extraordinary Nature and fatal Tenden- cy; administration are taking every Method to disunite the Colo- nies, thereby so render the noble opposition to their arbitrary and destructive Measures abortive: We hope a firm Union of all the Co- lonies will still subsist, and that such a Plan may be devised and re- solutely pursued by all, as may prevent the cruel Effects of this Act. A New SONG, In Spring, my dear Shepherds, your Flow’rets are gay ; They breath all their Sweets in the Sun-shine of May; But hang down their Heads when December draws near, The Winter of Life is like that of the Year. The Larks and the Linnets that chant o’er the Plains, All, all are in Love, while this Summer remains, Their Sweethearts in Autumn no longer are dear, This Winter of Life is like that of the Year. The Season for Love is when Youth’s in its Prime; Ye Lads and ye Lasses make use of your Time; Tge frost of old Age will too quickly appear, The Winter of Life is like that of the Year. </div> <div class="“column”">Column 3 ADVERTISEMENTS. PORTSMOUTH, June 7, 1774. THE SUBSCRIBERS have for SALE, WEST INDIA and CONTINENT Rum, MUS- COVADO and Loaf Sugar, TENERIFF Wine, Molasses and Coffee. JOHN MITCHELL, & Co NORFOLK, June 7, 1774. I INTEND leaving this COLONY soon THOMAS HUDSON. NORFOLK, June 7, 1774. The SUBSCRIBERS have for SALE, GENUINE MADEIRA Wine, Six Years Old, WEST INDIA Rum, MUCOVADO Sugar, Coffee, Pimenta, Indigo, Geneva, in Cases and Casks; Hard Soap, Barrels of Mackrell, PHILADELPHIA Beer in Barrells, and a Quan- tity of neat MAHOGONY Furniture; Also Flour, and Ship Bread. HARMANSON & HARVEY. NORFOLK, June 6, 1774. For CHARTER to any Part of Europe. THE Sloop GRACE and SALLY, CHRISTOPHER WILSON, Master: Will carry a- bout Six Thousand Bushels of Grain, in her LOWER HOLD, and 300 or 350 Barrels between Decks.———For Terms, Ap- ply to GILCHRIST & TAYLOR. N. B. She has, two Decks laid Fore and Aft. NORFOLK, June 6, 1774. JOURNEYMEN SHOEMAKERS well Recommen- ded, by applying to the SUBSCRIBER, will meet with the best Encouragement, WILLIAM FORSYTH. TO BE LET ON CHARTER TO any PART of EUROPE, or the WEST-INDIES, The BRIGANTINE, HAMILTON, A New Vessel, now on the Stocks, and will be ready to take on Board by the 20th, Instant. ROBERT GRAY, & Co. N.B. We have for Sale Barrelled Pork, Beef, and Herrings; Also, Salt Butter in Firkins; Hogs Lard in small Kegs, and a quan- tity of JAMAICA Coffee. NORFOLK, June 2d. 1774. AS the SUBSCRIBER intends leaving the COLONY soon, those who have any Demands against him, are de- sired to give in their Claims, that they may be adjusted, WILLIAM GLEN NORFOLK, June 6, 1774. I INTEND to leave this COLONY soon. ISHMAEL MARYCHURCH RUN away last Night, from on board the Sloop Grace and Sally, Chiristopher Wilson Master, lying in this Harbour; A Yellow negro fellow named Caeser, about five feet seven or eight Inches high, 26 or 27 years old, much pitted with the small Pox, has a wild stare in his Eyes, which is observable at first sight, he is an artful specious fellow, and may pass himself for a free Man: We cannot describe his dress, as he carried off with him all the Sailors Cloaths he could lay his hands on. He was formerly the property of Mr. Charles Yates, on Rappahanock River, and lately sold in Antigua; whoever secures him in any Goal, and informs the sub- scribers so that they may get him again, shall receive forty Shillings Reward. GILCHRIST and TAYLOR. N. B. It is supposed he went up Rappahanock in a Craft that left this place last Night. NORFOLK, June 9th, 1774. </div> NORFOLK, Printed by WILLIAM DUNCAN, and Co. by whom Advertisements, Essays, and Articles of News, will be gratefully Received and duly Inserted.——Advertisements of a moderate Length, for 3 s. the first time, and 2 s. each time after. Price of the Paper is 12s. 6d. per Annum. </div> </div> </div> </div> Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Ink on paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Virginia Gazette, or, Norfolk Intelligencer No. 1, June 9, 1774 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1774-06-09 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available William Duncan and Company Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SCNP2019.3 Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers--Virginia--Norfolk Language A language of the resource English Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource William Duncan and Company unique