1
25
12
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/d3b651910b21dd80c64716ec94e9d823.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=B2Jt0G6fgCZEhYus0UjnltqneejMa-yorB-1XBCZOoRYLlIQhy779thKB%7E4F4OSGCDfDaadT3AbK76OWyZIB7BgdkEgccErYH0NSie3ThbO38zMRprBRUfJh6JiZKCHYn2P6%7EpHsEldPq8N6QDYw0%7EFOiwVoDChXv1TgD4URMZv29DYiIIEvZKJDhcJOqW6A4B0wp%7E0TMfKgbiYMhjHocQ3JyOqIqtNoH-TYcEY3y5JDdNs3J%7ExVJppI-RmZbtb8k2wHWNoXNxlnqdygSZjv4WKirU3Bj8tJHdkhJLGDBNYsREmuaKvdG2p2s0wg5kcihkCErBJK854AB3I2k9%7EuNw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
d553fae13e9b53a46dd27aae22c16919
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/8ebce6718d607771f17a9e103789f80e.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=IB0ErIsPbi7v92-gGVhG0frTGq6kaebowfLZrOVveTO4vj1a54ma93cZYSvMjdg33TK4Xx92JTE0QSRhXJvJe7BIK2JLfjnAJ92wi9%7Eb2wAWMNhcVAR8UOzoBfQo7curJOSQ3scJ6uiM2hwupObmTDlp7BhkJU4X-Gvg-4Imq3qPUjC1uTjU-psayiI9jyweIQP%7EnsiJE2qBfpMTvfGnrJ7-OjhLk%7EYUgMc0XKjhydQUJM860kfPV%7EFjcGQKGF7QSYqRDkn80OaIyWDoVctTo0%7EzX1b%7ELm0h4Z0REa0j5GlxNe6zf5c2pQ18gkpwEkHAfI1mBkJmu6Bmn0BwyTpinQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
db246e4ff397fbe03d3b5edbece4297f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Galt Family Papers
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Miscellaneous papers relating to the Galt family, especially Dr. John Minson Galt II (1819-1862), superintendent of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Va., and his sister, Sarah Maria Galt (1822- 1880). Includes personal letters, architectural notes and rough sketches, newspaper clippings, genealogical information, and other miscellany. Contains information on Eastern State Hospital; attitudes toward the mentally ill; Williamsburg, Va., and its inhabitants; the disruptions of the Civil War; the Galt family; and the sculptor Alexander Galt.</p>
<p>Names appearing in the collection include John Minson Galt II, Sarah Maria Galt, Alexander Galt, Lucy B. Saunders, Mary McCabe, and Margaret M. Raum.</p>
<p></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
Page 1<br /><br />Egyptian Mummy
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Dr.Warren's account of the Egyptian Mummy, presented to the Massachusetts General Hospital by Mr. Van <strong>[Lanuep?]</strong>.Dr.<strong>[W?]</strong> is professor of anatomy & surgery, at Cambridge</p>
</div>
<p>"The mummy, says Dr. Warren, was enclosed in a large <strong>[deal?]</strong> box. In opening this the outer coffin, or sarcophagus appeared, <strong>[as?]</strong> represented in the <strong>[?]</strong>. It is a wooden box, seven-feet long, and of a breadth proportioned to the length, like the proportion of the human body. The upper part of it is carved in a very striking and peculiar style, to represent a human head; and as it appears from the authors who have described the custom of the Egyptians, it was intended to be a likeness of the deseased person. The head is covered with a striped cloth or turban, on the upper part of which is painted a<strong> [globe?]</strong>. The face has the character which has generally been considered belonging to the Egyptians. The skin is of a reddish color, the eyes black, nose broad, but not badly proportioned, mouth well formed. - The face is broad and short, it has a very agreeable expression approaching to a smile. - The shoulders are invested with a highyly ornamented mantle; on the fore part of which the turban is seen depending. Below the mantle in the middle is seen the <strong>[?]</strong> globe, considered by some as the sign for eternity; by others as the emblem of <strong>[Agathordamod?]</strong> or <strong>[Chunuphis?]</strong> of the Greek authors, the oldest<br /><br />Page 2<br /><br />representation of the divine power admitted by the Egyptians; it may there for be believ-ed to be significant of the immortality of the <strong>[lord?]</strong> of the deceased, or else to be the symbol of the divine protection.</p>
<p>On each side of the globe are seen hierogly-phics, In the second compartment or tablet, below the globe, we have the representation of a most singular group, exhibiting the last judgment of the deceased and his reception by various divinities. - According to Diodones, the body of every person, from the king down, underwent this ceremony. Two and forty judges were colllected on the banks of the canal, where the relations appeared and a boat being prepared, before the body was put on it any one might bring forward accusations against the deceased, which being examined by the judges, if found to be true, prevented the body from recieving the honours of a public funeral; - but if they were thought false, the accusers were severely punished.</p>
<p>Then the relations finished their mourning, pronounced the praises of the deceased, and declared him about to enjoy a happy eternity with the pious in the regions<br /><br />Page 3<br /><br />of Hades.</p>
<p>In the roles found with mummies, on the coffins, and in the tombs this judgement is almost always pictured by the figure of a balance in the form of a <strong>[?]</strong>, near which two personages are standing, and apparently weighing the merits of the deceased; seeming to officiate as his good and evil tendencies, each wishing to draw the scale to his own side.</p>
<p>Finally, the scale of the good genius preponderates, judgement is given in favour of the dead person and he is them to be introduced to the company of the Gods.</p>
<p>As a preliminary to this honour he is invested with some of the insignia of Osiris, if a male, or of Isis, if a female.</p>
<p>"In this tablet, we notice six personages on the left, who are looking to the right, and two persons on the right who are looking to the left. Behind the last of these, that is, on the extreme right, is seen the balance in the form of a crofs, with a Cerberus as the evil genius sitting on the left, and a hieroglyphic representation of the friendly divinity on the right. The figure next the balance, without any other garment than a <strong>[kittle?]</strong>, is <br /><br />Page 4<br /><br />supposed to be that of the deceased coming from judgement, under the protection of a divinity who has hold of her hand, and seems to have taken her under her protection in order to present her to the afsembly of deities. At the head of these is the serpent, supposed by some to have been regarded as the good angel by the Egyptians. Next follows the great Osiris, the principal deity of the Egyptians, designated by his <strong>[?]</strong>. and his staff or sceptre, the emblem of power; he has the attitude of receiving the newcomer presented to him. After Osiris are seen five other personages, bearing the heads of a dog, a baboon, a hawk, a wolf, respectively, supposed to be repre-sentations of the important divinities, Anubis, Macedo, and others. - These paintings, therefore, confrim the account of the judgement after death transmitted to us by Diodones Liculus.</p>
<p>"The third tablet consists of hieroglyphic writing arranged in columned, extend-ed from above downwards, as was the manner of the Egyptians.</p>
<p>"The fourth represents the he<i>a</i>rse bearing the coffin of the deceased. The hearse has the form of a <strong>[?]</strong>, perhaps<br /><br />Page 5<br /><br />a lion; a style of furniture very much affected by the Egyptians. The coffin is represented as carved at the head. Below the he<i>a</i>rse are four vessels, containing <strong>[?]</strong> and <strong>[?]</strong> substances, employed in embalming. At the head and foot is seen the <strong>[tutelary?]</strong> hawk, or vulture with stretched-out-wings, as if to protect the hearse, and between them is an eye with a tear, the symbol for mourning.</p>
<p>"The fifth tablet consists of heiroglyphics.</p>
<p>"The sixth, placed on the projecting foot of the coffins, exhibits a series of red and white stripes, twenty in number, which may be supposed to indicate the age of the deceased; on the base, supporting these, stands the <strong>[tutelary?]</strong> hawk, surrounded by heiroglyphics, and among them is distinguished the eye with a tear."</p>
<p>"Dr. W goes on in the same interesting style, to describe other parts of the coffin, and to give a particular account of the mummy, but our limits will not permit us to proceed."</p>
<div class="openorclose">
<p>There cannot be a more appropriate introduction to the <strong>[?]</strong> of <strong>[Rollin?]</strong> than this mummy. From "Norfolk Beacon."</p>
<p></p>
</div>
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Ink on paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Dr. Warren's account of the Egyptian mummy ...
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3.1
Folder 1
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
1 item (2 pages)
Description
An account of the resource
Cambridge professor Dr. John Collins Warren's description of the sarcophagus of the Egyptian mummy sent to Massachusetts General Hospital in 1823 by merchant Mr. Van Lennep, as printed in the Norfolk Beacon. Warren describes the appearance of the deceased's face, as depicted at the top of the sarcophagus. Warren describes the process of the deceased being judged by Egyptian divinities and entering the Egyptian afterlife, as depicted in carvings on the bottom half of the sarcophagus.
Language
A language of the resource
English
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/edc3dec75e1bacfe3a588bb3c78cd695.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=TAxww6-d4Zu-JiJvL73LZKVX9HQ5vwzNdH-1YeEjwdMGo8WOaZL37rC-gWjjDErOOJGWulvHGB5a6BT63tGiyomtHQbK2zqQJA2BxngmASVdNjA5JLdkMePBjPS5htuVsZwTm-HcurknmRFOCfm31SQ8Q81KDFSA2QA%7EVdRjzm0dHeMXm87vTIL5QTzHXcmq7Qmzet7OqFoUi-47mVz49RAVzVfXGzr-T%7EprrlXdy6FSt3tOOy5WSYcXxX8gE4kiBQ-tlF8B4Px7OzWmgpI%7E3BYCx2lewWABLrU0mFuLnT5y%7ENNOOsjPvqY0JTHorgJt23cKsBpJ-PBQpa1WdoXMwA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
65613243f2558782d79cd833a6fdd215
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/8e0bd3a625f4cef096303d4002ad2a84.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=dzspNHRmtxA65kafV8BZX01-a-LLkImoY%7EmJZHYdUancmC--vZ-xhXy6LxTHOMAXtXkC297PWHKQON7KP-mIox5-Y2eKqbJZxs9aSSrAmYnqPuvdDfgzZSay9y%7EoW8XCgXTyxJZ3Emq9no4IefsGgWY%7EVJ0NFg21qy7ObVADm4mseBQrke8mKn9oQuwFU9fxjQZFs%7E0rlPdzC86sknw43VfBwZqQ05Z%7Er8q2FYfo5EnzUVbkdVcp2pR9gy4kccQvKXS6tv95kC%7E8RfEQJix2wKHH%7E9cuisun9u7akxnEsRo3K5Xy1PhC5TFAF1rVyCzMyMfGdqhquR4lI6cZmjm27w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
e7a7836ec9536762e62bfe03aa6be786
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Galt Family Papers
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Miscellaneous papers relating to the Galt family, especially Dr. John Minson Galt II (1819-1862), superintendent of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Va., and his sister, Sarah Maria Galt (1822- 1880). Includes personal letters, architectural notes and rough sketches, newspaper clippings, genealogical information, and other miscellany. Contains information on Eastern State Hospital; attitudes toward the mentally ill; Williamsburg, Va., and its inhabitants; the disruptions of the Civil War; the Galt family; and the sculptor Alexander Galt.</p>
<p>Names appearing in the collection include John Minson Galt II, Sarah Maria Galt, Alexander Galt, Lucy B. Saunders, Mary McCabe, and Margaret M. Raum.</p>
<p></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Ink on paper
Text
Any textual data included in the document
Page 1<br /><br />General Laws of Motion
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Laws of Motion<br /><br /></p>
</div>
Page 2<br /><br /><div class="openorclose">
<p>General Laws of Motion.</p>
</div>
<p>Law I, "Everybody perseveres in its state of rest, or uniform motion in a right line, unless it be compelled to change that state by force [<strong>impressed thereon?]</strong>." Newton's Principle.</p>
<p>II.The acceleration of motion, or the motion generated or destroyed in any body, is proportional to the force applied; and is made in the direction of that straight line in wh<i>ich </i>the force acts. Newt.</p>
<p>III. To every action, there is always <strong>[opposed?]</strong> a reaction; or the mutual actions of 2 bodies <strong>[^?]</strong> are always equal; and divided to contrary points. Newt. Of <strong>[?]</strong> endeavour to raise a weight by means of a lever, we shall <strong>[find its lever?] [such its?] </strong>hands <strong>[with?]</strong> the same force <strong>[?]</strong> we exert to raise the weight. Or if we <strong>[?]</strong> <strong>[only half?]</strong> of a balance, in order to raise a weight on the other scale, we measure <strong>[?]</strong>. The higher will be equal to that force <strong>[will?] [?] [the other?]</strong> scale <strong>[?]</strong> to descend.</p>
<p>When a cannon is fired, the impelling force of the <strong>[?]</strong> equally <strong>[at the?]</strong> <strong>[breech?]</strong> of the gun and <strong>[on its base?]</strong>, so that if the piece and the base <strong>[was?]</strong> of equal weight, the piece would recoil<strong> [?]</strong> its same velocity - as <strong>[that force __ base __ ___?]</strong>. But <strong>[its?] [?]</strong> any body is the <strong>[__ up __?]</strong> its velocity, <strong>[?]</strong> the force <strong>[?] [?]</strong> the motion <strong>[conti-?]</strong> the same. Newt. So many <strong>[times?]</strong> as the cannon and <strong>[?]</strong> are heavier than the base, <strong>[?]</strong> so many times will the velocity of the cannon be less than that of the ball. Note on 2nd Rule. Motion is an effect and <strong>[?]</strong> the <strong>[?]</strong> and in the direction <strong>[? the force acts will be?]</strong>. A <strong>[?]</strong> motion can't be <strong>[?]</strong> by a [?] cause, but <strong>[___ ___ ___ __ found?]</strong> effect of different <strong>[?]</strong>, <strong>[___ all the same instant?]</strong> upon the body.</p>
<p>Continuous Motion.<br />1. If 2 forces act at the same time on any body, and in the same direc-tion, the body will move quicker than <strong>[if moved?]</strong> by being acted upon by only one of the forces.<br />2.If a body be acted upon by two equal forces, in exactly opposite directions, it will not <strong>[moved?]</strong> from its <strong>[situation?]</strong><br />3.If a body be acted upon by two unequal forces in exactly contrary directions, it will move in the direction of the greatest force.<br />4.If a body be acted upon by two forces neither with same nor in opposite directions, it will not <strong>[favour?]</strong> either of the forces, but will move in a line between them. The 1st three rules are <strong>[?]</strong>.</p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
General Laws of Motion
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3.2
Folder 1
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
1 item (2 pages)
Description
An account of the resource
A list describing Isaac Newton's laws of motion, which explain how an object is affected by various forces acting upon it.
Language
A language of the resource
English
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/0f2df43551216f023aff9e0b608a23f7.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=HCiLlqKl7vce8MI32klrQ4GbY4d2gAE%7EXcUVLkmg66PVNRL4nLR3-rIeyluaNOrAYfmXJIn-FVDtzGuvf8fBOVIiXfgknlr8THIZcRGhcAdfI17ipm7g3X5jjhvaFXJGqYJNsyM4cyklPgbPNpuboWvoVSEXG7faP0lKgqzQkhR2UMzPRmdGeqJjjyu5rs5o5AZeGjS%7EG7wwgdfWDyQH8wt90QmV3n8gTkhV4DDsu2kHC0llTmgbkOq-J7p8gbqfiiJeZZgGHDogwh91MxAtQlmNV-MUucjFvNp5PVKcd02JkXqsHXXCelU4RRH%7EzLeBZAEUgn7Z1gTpubM0KN4c%7Eg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
9e98f731efb09e7b26323aa9fb72b8fa
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/07e43232c3a4e6adb7b0b60d75a2b4f5.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=pkmwHarC5fQQpE10cJKiNFuCCiqr3Mv-ZxaF27ALuosRrbd9dqeJt18uVPbAv-fZATqH1g1LWLZjXSLvn2Fn1uiCII%7E3mlsLIlevzO2e6sh7-fDUiMjsOGyRJBiIC10hsF3mVyxBmiPuKukXZEYMo627DS7B5y4TUFMv3834ZaTp-4v-QSJHKS2bjB8%7EpnAHzBMb561CtXvgDp1vPa5fJI7Dxu%7E65cIVQgXDDu9Fyxmx68RFWTJj97cvtoED11udww2blux-IkxMA%7EcDFqI6xqcTTTnkGMPWw96YUuty0z1qfMu1%7Em%7ElU7QgnnlaYvyz94IPYPLkKTHS4eeLHy5uVQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
99d7e263b18cdf264780f9d9da3ed9ab
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Galt Family Papers
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Miscellaneous papers relating to the Galt family, especially Dr. John Minson Galt II (1819-1862), superintendent of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Va., and his sister, Sarah Maria Galt (1822- 1880). Includes personal letters, architectural notes and rough sketches, newspaper clippings, genealogical information, and other miscellany. Contains information on Eastern State Hospital; attitudes toward the mentally ill; Williamsburg, Va., and its inhabitants; the disruptions of the Civil War; the Galt family; and the sculptor Alexander Galt.</p>
<p>Names appearing in the collection include John Minson Galt II, Sarah Maria Galt, Alexander Galt, Lucy B. Saunders, Mary McCabe, and Margaret M. Raum.</p>
<p></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
Page 1
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Marble Bust 28, Pictures<br />Sent to the E.S. Asylum by Sally M. Galt</p>
</div>
<p>Marble Bust of Dr.Galt, with scarlet <strong>[crape?]</strong> drapery, covering the Bust.</p>
<p>Madonna. By <strong>[Murillo?]</strong> (Copy)</p>
<p>Portrait of a Gentleman, dress crimson velvet, style of costume prevailing in the reign of Charles 2nd</p>
<p>Portrait of a Gentleman, style of cosumte that <strong>[worn?]</strong> in the last century, shoe buckles & knee buckles; dress grey velvet.</p>
<p>Portrait of a Lady, with Rhetting in her <strong>[hair/hand?]</strong>.</p>
<p>Portrait of a Gentleman.</p>
<p>Group of four, representing the 4 generations. (returned)</p>
<p>Portrait of a gentleman with hair powdered.</p>
<p>Portrait of a gentleman (By Sally)</p>
<p>Portrait of Henry Clay. (By Hubert)</p>
<p>Portrait of Chief Justice Marshall (by Hubert) both are paintings</p>
<p>Landscape representing a Flemish scene, painted on wood.</p>
<p>Landscape, a Turkish mosque (Hubert)</p>
<p>Landscape a pastoral scene <strong>[shepheness & sheep.]</strong></p>
<p>Landscape, a Gipsey encampment copied from <strong>[Moreland?]</strong> by Dr.<strong>[Williamson?]</strong></p>
<p>Fruit piece, watermelon grapes, peaches</p>
<p>Fruit piece. Basket of fruit peaches, figs, pears & grapes.</p>
<p>Fruit piece. Watermelon (pink) on a table</p>
<p>"Fast sailing yacht America"<br /><br /></p>
Page 2<br /><br /><br />Four landscapes (very much in the style of window <strong>[blinds.?]</strong>)
<p>6 coloured engravings. Scenes in Mexico</p>
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Ink on paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
List of items sent to Eastern State Asylum by Sarah Maria Galt
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3.3
Folder 1
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Galt, Sally [Sarah] Maria, 1822-1880
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
1 item (2 pages)
Description
An account of the resource
A list briefly describing the artworks Sarah Maria Galt sent to the Eastern State Asylum, including a marble bust of Dr. Galt, various portraits of gentlemen, several landscapes, and several fruit pieces.
Language
A language of the resource
English
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/d275526413296db5191b63b02f810d0a.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=ZApC-A5AkGaUrStVFOa01UgfzOoRPptJ3Xe8h1jPrmg7UVRKVTQOYetfO6cqe-BlbWQ-OafzSCqZEaT9CiSvOtclq3uNohGXQ8LrYz%7Eqdnz6%7ESXpD-5ErWe15Lo4vNcv3e0nKULObCAAQQ6UPJl1rpI1ZP4rlAdulZACEVbpbC0APR7hsDJc7wZARC5FGDYqKuAW7sU7ZoAQtrvIzv2kZzXonjr6Nyrnz00vcdTG5ey7PSQUqxU1HnrL3dXwbrGeOOpOC0CmLoZgZJeUbZFMmmCoVJZlORxaPe5di9mJkY9bowIdDgm1MqkPDP7JG%7EmdyEOwKm-gquSEUg1cpPTQtw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
7e0f3d43075ea77e75cfeeb5342958f4
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/eb3e24ab54bad1f3f5c627765a49622d.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=cEdqXuftm8HfTQRSjFtiD5qtqYnwav1LJ%7Ej%7EBj%7EkT12wbtInRyyHC7843ssGHx4Y-GNuSOS7dQlny2DO8eaEeWn3gCFBFt8SfBk5jCmp8VD6XbA91AbhF8ZDAtm0u3-AD9GZIstRiOr821nYVh6v8Jt-kYVkLcekik2jr1XHxsVhJsrRUYGBcPBe%7EvZhqQoauQxy%7EmAF358%7E4ztLxaqpRpUkdlba3-VzYRGUupJtFXCkH7WVirBjlnR4Z3dCGfsqulwS6uyicCbnWN50ZG0Vj79qNiIqaxy3fPNjYnJtKHMDJmi-OIwiwjY%7E-6XaE1bG1DwJULWubMEGJxfjzi%7EMQw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
11fe6b13ea5cec38ab573a42c89410bb
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Galt Family Papers
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Miscellaneous papers relating to the Galt family, especially Dr. John Minson Galt II (1819-1862), superintendent of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Va., and his sister, Sarah Maria Galt (1822- 1880). Includes personal letters, architectural notes and rough sketches, newspaper clippings, genealogical information, and other miscellany. Contains information on Eastern State Hospital; attitudes toward the mentally ill; Williamsburg, Va., and its inhabitants; the disruptions of the Civil War; the Galt family; and the sculptor Alexander Galt.</p>
<p>Names appearing in the collection include John Minson Galt II, Sarah Maria Galt, Alexander Galt, Lucy B. Saunders, Mary McCabe, and Margaret M. Raum.</p>
<p></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
Page 1
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Rev<em>erend </em>Mr. Green</p>
</div>
<p><strong>[Vine?]</strong><br />Like the church clock is only of use when watched & <strong>[regulated?]</strong> up.</p>
<p>Rose<br />The emblem of beauty of peace & of happiness expanding like the hopes of man when one <strong>[rose?]</strong> from the <strong>[tomb?]</strong></p>
<p>Eyes (Ayes)<br />Generally taken in connection with the <strong>[noes?] (nose)</strong><br />The organ which receives the light from heaven & therefore raised when the <strong>[lord?]</strong> seeks the true light from heaven</p>
<p>Hour glass<br />The true <strong>[virtue?]</strong> in which if one <strong>[belived/beloved?]</strong> himself, he will not forget what manner of man he is.<br />The glass which measures fleeting time should be placed near the glass which reflects<br />fading beauty</p>
Page 2<br /><p>Novelty<br />That which surprises us often in the absence of beauty<br />That which comes upon us strangely suddenly & unawares without <strong>[presence?]</strong> premeditation <strong>[me-thought?]</strong> expectation being <strong>[?]</strong> in or sought after</p>
<p>Beau<br />The most perfect of the works of creation - because most desired by heaven's last best gift - to man.</p>
<p>Pen<br />That which decides the fate of fortunes gives <strong>[rent?]</strong> to the affections of the heart & directs the destiny of empires</p>
<p><strong>[Peun?]</strong><br />Once wielded by <strong>[Bacon?]</strong> but <strong>[now?] [enjoying/confining?] [Bacon?]</strong></p>
<p>Time<br />The enemy of the idle, the friend of the diligent, the reprieve of the wicked</p>
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Ink on paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Definitions
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3.4
Folder 1
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
1 item (2 pages)
Description
An account of the resource
A list defining items such as a rose, an hour glass, eyes, novelty, and time, especially in relation to their connection to heaven, happiness, and good character.
Language
A language of the resource
English
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/3956f463d78c04de785cdcdfd5b62c83.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=f6pw-Ygz4lVe6ertQP4wzOmRBaBrJOqUSTVMT22uJgPSVL9Y7yxiAJvwKlJ5G77P5ZQKld%7EW6a9WTPAl2nnzszifyqha-0QUef-I2HQ1Dl5ZhaPTJ3SM9pyYEiw7OsOKGXDVxHYsIPbesy3-mohVKNRUdEh0%7E5x5qIiNFaEOoEPbnNdBLWG4nsZevynDwutTkfKH5h68J3UZ6vDvjxIUdMoRpnZg16Ig0DpA33urCVLK1U%7ESKgufKoeSVACKH4d9d9lzf%7ECV7Dd5W5QdMh44W3cwOR2sc1mU4oJMaa0Hyj9THHVdWFcXKm0uRBVV4aidcCVpIFq9wFejfw17IqqCvw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
a948333b2a9a2e432f5f1d03bbf4b3e6
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/5fb7e2c4f123f981ca78cb88588a56b6.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=FJ1GvL8EQwN95WnY7zdlIc4PMNIjW2xrKd08KIyJNDHue1geCYFOuPN0KghKLPqEPPl5XP8U77Pi8MKuDjS29nN8Sai7krOnzfU%7EsoDMdxwqRezRR0-wvEIYV6TUzWPtg%7EjMwDoAWsPCDyZpvkJVfGf24Z1nOAGZdE8zwIRFdqGLUwFMHIPd7KDn9hr%7El%7EY-5fuWgLa-YLW%7Exn5V%7EPyHxK3%7ELXEIFqfe8DmXPz%7Ecqf37DRt-deA6syLTnWq7neFd-ubfDuyrWQUkvjQRgPHiducaAXOVGDaM2Wp2wyxd00tn6X29E6IsIcp%7Etnup1bTTtF8Q418uJJJMiIY7DrMZPQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
cf7dffefc1eabb3bcf3e7ccbf2252c26
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Galt Family Papers
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Miscellaneous papers relating to the Galt family, especially Dr. John Minson Galt II (1819-1862), superintendent of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Va., and his sister, Sarah Maria Galt (1822- 1880). Includes personal letters, architectural notes and rough sketches, newspaper clippings, genealogical information, and other miscellany. Contains information on Eastern State Hospital; attitudes toward the mentally ill; Williamsburg, Va., and its inhabitants; the disruptions of the Civil War; the Galt family; and the sculptor Alexander Galt.</p>
<p>Names appearing in the collection include John Minson Galt II, Sarah Maria Galt, Alexander Galt, Lucy B. Saunders, Mary McCabe, and Margaret M. Raum.</p>
<p></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
Page 1<br /><br />David's life and history, as written for us in those Psalms of his, I consider to be the truest emblem ever given of man's moral <strong>[progress?]</strong> and <strong>[warfare?]</strong> here below. * * Struggle often baffled, <strong>[sore?]</strong> baffled, down as into entire wrecks; yet a struggle never ended; ever, with tears, repentance, true unconquerable purpose, begun anew. Poor human nature! do not a man's walking, in truth, always that: a 'succession of falls'? Man can do no other in this wild element of life, he has to struggle onwards; now fellow, deep-abaced; and ever, with tears, repentance, bleeding heart, he has to rise again, struggle again, still onwards. That his struggle be a faithful unconquerable one; that is the question of questions. Carlyle. <br /><br />The stricter tenets of Calvinism, which allow of no mechanism between grace and reprobation, and doom man to eternal punishment for every breach of the moral law, as on equal offence against infinite truth and justice, proceed (like the paradoxical doctrine of the Stoics) from taking a half-veiw of this subject, and considering man as amenable only to the dictates of his understanding and his con-science, and not excusable from the temptations and fragility of human ignorance and passion. The mixing up of religion and morality together, or the making us accountable for every thought, and or action, under no less a responsibility than one (q. our?) everlasting future <strong>[welfare?]</strong> or misery, has all added incalculably to the <strong>dif-[?]</strong> of self-knowledge, has <strong>[superinduced?]</strong> a violent and <strong>[spurious?]</strong> state of feelings, and made it almost to distinguish the boundaries between true and false, in judging of human conduct and motives. A<br /><br />Page 2<br /><br />religious man is afraid of looking into the state of his soul, lest at the same time he should re-veal it to Heaven; and tries to persuade himself that by shutting his eyes to his true cha-racter and feelings, they will remain a profound secret, both here and hereafter. Hazlitt.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Ink on paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
King David as portrayed in the Psalms
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3.5
Folder
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
1 item (2 pages)
Language
A language of the resource
English
Description
An account of the resource
Excerpts from Thomas Carlyle's 1841 work, "On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic," and William Hazlitt's 1828 work, "On Cant and Hypocrisy." The excerpts focus on the moral nature of humans, the necessity of struggle, and issues with the stricter principles of Calvinism.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
"On Cant and Hypocrisy" by William Hazlitt, 1828.
"On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic," by Thomas Carlyle, published by James Fraser in 1841.
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/74c494ee6817a59e2d3c49564c6bd8bb.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=A2QcuwqNTqFGP-yPe7Wpa6nhlpuwyRpWXOWWcUWsJ0BQMc2wg2Wlzz5Q3geP4Zed%7Efv%7EEOszArmKZMWwKhI%7EoKBl7ld0SwDReJbsnPVRUe0tx3GfdapQo%7EZszXmVUoJFsNeF65iTbG6t8UKUzTvwrFLE3HQk4FJNmynYEGuDDvqBGWTHk%7EdpV-%7EgXP41VA4i%7EzzLpRWgX68%7EAbtexsTxilsuUBIIOlhGpV1m3hhELxAL8-TkHExl6lU5x9Od1LQExHUwiA3066Ym3NUFjelVMmIcKQ1CYErJP8Ufpg%7ELRPMGjHMK3b0xpskxh06ESO0XUWSM1ukAFGdNx8btQ1AL9Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
b78539856c9197818e63dc52df375f26
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Galt Family Papers
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Miscellaneous papers relating to the Galt family, especially Dr. John Minson Galt II (1819-1862), superintendent of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Va., and his sister, Sarah Maria Galt (1822- 1880). Includes personal letters, architectural notes and rough sketches, newspaper clippings, genealogical information, and other miscellany. Contains information on Eastern State Hospital; attitudes toward the mentally ill; Williamsburg, Va., and its inhabitants; the disruptions of the Civil War; the Galt family; and the sculptor Alexander Galt.</p>
<p>Names appearing in the collection include John Minson Galt II, Sarah Maria Galt, Alexander Galt, Lucy B. Saunders, Mary McCabe, and Margaret M. Raum.</p>
<p></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
Page 1
<div class="openorclose">
<p>[From the Richmond Medical Journal]<br />In Memoriam.</p>
</div>
<p>Died, in Williamsburg, Va., May 18th, 1862, after an illness of four days, of an affection of the stomach, to which he had been subject for many years, John M. Galt, M.D.; son of the late Dr. Alexander D. Galt</p>
<p>Dr. Galt was Superintendent and Physician of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum, at Williamsburg, Va., and he nobly and conscientiously performed the duties devolving upon him. Of him it may be said, as was remarked of his philanthropic father, "that his duty was performed with as scrupulous fidelity as though the Recording Angel of Heaven's chancery had been ever at his side."</p>
<p>His zeal, in contributing to the comfort and welfare of those committed to his care, knew no wearying; and knowledge gained by diligent investigation to this continent, and in many languages in Europe, was used by him with perfect success, to re-illume the darkened mind.</p>
<p>This good and great man was wekk known in this country and in Europe for his philanthropic life and classical and literary attainments. His was an intellect of the highest order - and literature is enriched by his learned and elegant writings; science mourns an irreparable loss, for a bright and shining light has left her world forever.</p>
<p>To those to whom he was the dearest on earth, from childhood to manhood, he never caused a sigh or tear, and in his own home his presence was a perpetual sunshine; and like the vanishing of sunlight is the loss of a spirit so stainless and so bright.</p>
<p>He was much loved on earth, and surely loved by our Heavenly Father, for He "loveth a cheerful giver," and his name was a synonyme for disinterested kindness and benevolence; truly was it said of him that Virginia had lost one of her brightest jewels, and the poor and needy their kindest benefactor. As evidence of his disregard of gain, he twice refused an augmentation of salary.</p>
<p>His was a name rich with the generous deeds of generations - a name on which Heavenly philanthropy sheds its imperishable lustre. His life was pure and bright as the flowers he loved, and as the holy influences of nature in which he took delight; for all nature was to him an open book, in which he read truths, wonderful and beautiful.</p>
<p>A life of devotion to the good of others has closed on earth and that soul, that knew no guile, has gone to receive the great reward promised to all who believe, as he did, in the Saviour for salvation, and faithfully endeavor to follow in His footsteps.</p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Obituary of Dr. John Minson Galt
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3.6
Folder 1
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
1 item (1 page)
Description
An account of the resource
The obituary of Dr. John Minson Galt, II (1819-1862), as printed in the Richmond Medical Journal. The obituary describes Galt's career as Superintendent and Physician of the Eastern State Lunatic Asylum and praises him for his life of good character and philanthropy.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Richmond Medical Journal, 1862.
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/091eab952e8fdd668204dbcfe49b1b03.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=sUqV%7Em%7EYhJnC7dkbkX2dWoxzuq9yvfSeDcH06DkawpbsnWMjuX43NkW4iZRy0NYL8wtY7E9oap6FTIpUKJXP%7EV-SVF0scuFBgSVIsbAgI8bR0280LER%7Ev0aWkL30yv8SG%7EJivOl9mOEUQVChXjmOXp7Tx61ZJeegV%7E4-1mkR1dMnsZwKvn1%7ETOXc3Tm4n%7EynON0ElxAzSAyIvGo1LE0MkZVPUIf8dQHdQC8wkooaQH8o1zm8RqXGiPMlzobo%7Ec7bRn4Uyz4aBE1JVg0T-bEx0I92Kp5lgJYaJ54AM412zMg2eRrOqotPgcFTsQ1AxMm8-f%7EbC9QVysBhnsJHv0PcMA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
4576da4a4037dd2c5e189eda955b393e
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/258a056b4ddb06fd11ddb168bd86bc99.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=bW8Dm5F7BMZ-XeD1rxXJhLkXK%7EwRzAr6HYtnilI3lT4%7EHp%7EsT5VloqNgYDFfXQ3vwCtrNjBXhqcq0c2qJSUkoAiyB3dgXc0XW5JCTNEr9ptvSIQvzu7YZp8lC%7Enf1JlRj3SLP4boJxLO6fGZoduRNWcWPLW4FJdxAOWTtJrS71GmISgVaQEKpa8z5R0GUXNU3mOIazufAo3h7eWYUrazCr7D-GWrprIeitfGiFkM2NqEoUhsZdpAuKI2kk4HgdpcnAtD1-EVeOxz-mFOxzbzCWucMlZsh06kiqkTqu-23zuIqJd9GgvdWaLUXzo-Ce513EsmaduztVtIfxyVLKcaMA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
ae73356bafe5b87607f32ba3e8e83d88
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Galt Family Papers
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Miscellaneous papers relating to the Galt family, especially Dr. John Minson Galt II (1819-1862), superintendent of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Va., and his sister, Sarah Maria Galt (1822- 1880). Includes personal letters, architectural notes and rough sketches, newspaper clippings, genealogical information, and other miscellany. Contains information on Eastern State Hospital; attitudes toward the mentally ill; Williamsburg, Va., and its inhabitants; the disruptions of the Civil War; the Galt family; and the sculptor Alexander Galt.</p>
<p>Names appearing in the collection include John Minson Galt II, Sarah Maria Galt, Alexander Galt, Lucy B. Saunders, Mary McCabe, and Margaret M. Raum.</p>
<p></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
Page 1
<div class="openorclose">
<p>My dear Alice,</p>
<p></p>
</div>
<p>We have heard to-day of my darling <strong>[Lissie's?]</strong> illness; & I write to beg that you will write, or set some one to write for you, telling us how <br /><br />Page 2</p>
<p>she is.</p>
<p>Words are weak & insufficient to tell the depth & intensity, of my love for my darling <strong>[Lissie?]</strong>; & I thank you a thousand times for your attentions to her.</p>
<p>I trust the fervent prayers ascending on High may be <strong>[gracious?]</strong> by <strong>[answered?]</strong>.</p>
<p>My Brother & myself & all of our darling's friends are so anxious to hear from her,</p>
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Love to Carter Randolph & all of the dear children</p>
<p></p>
</div>
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Ink on paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter to Alice
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3.7
Folder 1
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
1 item (2 pages)
Description
An account of the resource
A letter sent to Alice seeking information about Lissie's illness and wellbeing and expressing gratitude for her care.
Language
A language of the resource
English
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/a5a2400ad1dc1e3ae5133d8534b5c36a.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=aUIfdm6USMBAXwYGr4tXUTHItS7LEuRxgEr50hQaKyBaRd-oeXPEmWFS-t6jEyl1Cnkh7atklw%7EqresBpGVvHlP74aoYJ9O46IFoArMpKHm2NbXRwL6ymZkbuFKXRI48LsxZ%7EKR%7Evlq72E50pQHdF9KaOruhlKYuoe3B7d5y4Ltr-4a0EpWtpqemdhW7uDlz7WOTU63YdWW2YPdI947FLtCfQJRMYmzrwuCcUGx1aa3FAuOLmLL3AsXBAua2%7E-gv5d1beDadrBWy31%7EUasWov4q4HU3JskqUAQVS6G6DSkbR-9VU%7EccVx%7ETC5wYfcqbxEMkp4hFUAhb5Gxa9gl3QJw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
dfb4307373b8d621c880dc50f428b478
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/21bbc0569b727c2ed9d13a5974fa8212.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=B3533H4zPjKgYRFVQM4wjcD2aBaeYbevW%7E6fnLkrGAzLQF7Yi4-ya%7E34vgy0Fgx4wFNIxhQLDc-fzqLjMByhlTFDzpB4uXPyIvPMYzj-gzTwkYROViBLfKNJLjUds2qYMYohV1p3J%7E%7EqiKKNzlUzDp1FES1VXst1LswqG%7EB-M5gS%7EGQMEMAkGtcSO1oGfzOp-86EmQRaFh89msdO5gxRN9T5cthXANdditTNM20LZ%7EpxiHsnb-E76PxZyOQva3lpGxwT3vJOm8n8ssaQ%7Ekm6bt140wvnetZRPwbo%7EBZDo7MoS0wzlVVuMfyaU-6HJzvmqc9W4zUTPt0UTr7J04pA5w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
0a29ae018aa5b3bda0640a7cc238c820
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Galt Family Papers
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Miscellaneous papers relating to the Galt family, especially Dr. John Minson Galt II (1819-1862), superintendent of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Va., and his sister, Sarah Maria Galt (1822- 1880). Includes personal letters, architectural notes and rough sketches, newspaper clippings, genealogical information, and other miscellany. Contains information on Eastern State Hospital; attitudes toward the mentally ill; Williamsburg, Va., and its inhabitants; the disruptions of the Civil War; the Galt family; and the sculptor Alexander Galt.</p>
<p>Names appearing in the collection include John Minson Galt II, Sarah Maria Galt, Alexander Galt, Lucy B. Saunders, Mary McCabe, and Margaret M. Raum.</p>
<p></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
Page 1
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Easterm Asylum<br />Williams Burg Va<br />Jan<em>ua</em>ry</p>
<p>Dr John M Galt<br />Dear Sir</p>
</div>
<p>Having visited your Institution I cannot get my own <strong>[?]</strong> to <strong>[leave?]</strong> without <strong>[leaving some measurements?] </strong>of respect for the kindness and hospital-ity shown me by you and the <strong>[Stuart?]</strong> and his family, during <strong>[?]</strong> this day and <strong>[?]</strong> your kindess will <strong>[live fresh?]</strong> in my memory until <strong>[time?]</strong> with we shall <strong>[?]</strong> us <strong>[?]</strong> may you be instrumental in effecting many wonderfull<strong> [?] </strong>upon the minds of the unfortunate class of our fellow <strong>[?] [?]</strong> afflicted with <strong>[?]</strong> malady <strong>[?]</strong> or insanity. May no unpleasant dreams disturb your sleeping or unhappy thoughts your waking hours. May pleasure spring up of its own accord and live in full <strong>[?]</strong> in that gracious <strong>[heart?]</strong> of yours - and may a <strong>[like?] </strong>peace and tranquility extend throughout the institution and the city of Williams Burg - I <strong>[leave?]</strong> with you my well wishes for your present and future <strong>[wellfare?]</strong> - I am dear sir your <strong>[unwavering?]</strong> friend</p>
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Very Respectfully<br />G.Grimes</p>
</div>
Page 2
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Dr John M Galt<br />Eastern Asylum<br />Williams Burg<br />Va</p>
</div>
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Ink on paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Grimes, G.
Title
A name given to the resource
G. Grimes letter to John Minson Galt, 1847 January 29
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1847-01-29
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3.8
Folder 2
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
1 item (2 pages)
Description
An account of the resource
G. Grimes' letter to Dr. John M. Galt praising the good work done by the Eastern Asylum and Galt's excellent care of the mentally ill. Grimes expresses his well-wishes for Galt, Eastern Asylum, and the city of Williamsburg.
Language
A language of the resource
English
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/dfe8ecd11923e84c140da1ae19d3a61a.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=hB%7EoVZjrG50DEZKsYefiM2rHvMmm0HZlyhiPLPyMxqzaqdZtEqnP7E9yeOMpXmuZ8xHOrNTlJ3-pl285CukYBnaFXsBrOE0VGUOTZsDGueKrWohrLlMLuJkSUChBtZ7DGn-jabqtTCU8Gy7vP1FIbXEnVgUlP0q-po7%7EXaFeFq078Vq8xHafArc3L9hMCuZ8tfB%7EsVxYiQRA-7vP04cmKPvyK%7E9Ga6aKKkW--O7vVYsJqAIc98UEawmdXk0E1TKOQwl4b7PA74hAS6L1Uzl9BRUvsGvahzEXo6kg0j80o57kJ5ILcpRJdXHSrsqTzL5K0uGoBWpi6IC3Xoc3GIGz6Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
c57fc2c1ec1e57358c25c82a68887a5d
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/314caba8a5e81be65a65ab13e19b498b.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=XLUsU70J9U7cV5o65W3ZifwGUzI2a8poEP-79-h9LzKTnuiZhsvUhwkh31wK78drE04GCKek8IFKj3f857ItYDwVkO1WazjRvFjKGNu80tOUSfNmEPrHicHww2MV7QHTOD6jVoqK62P9dKtrkWMywYIuWEP2kprilFE855UpmfJ6FkfQhgd8U6uMVBfP-URF-geMRmaQevmctm350piOvNXpPy-7hhJkN1pzL5BoepiPCtI4w54YX85pzzSt5Fx1VY42idztzQ0DOOlXBiEc9wNcAS4shzz6nCFysjB3K5LviSdE6VaCSQlM0JAT%7EHioHLJjKdezprC08T2JsYvKaw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
615d469b8529414fbb3c4b6e529333c1
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/9bb7896b1d546b3310443783ec427332.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=A29Y6GncGYlylggTEPnccSkcisNZh07Rn-dr9qIAZCt5VKU4B9TeHoq2IjvDpHjCcKeNP4isYndWdEqBnNBxLaqNYNMgYC00Hl0bmahI0WSy8pA1SId1Hw0ocx1-HIHDJpQMepZdmttGGf71xxwf9WyCO66cNNucEtVGq8uqelXbIRmIqhCklmwGGlHjeC-YeTOKm%7EqQK%7EHZD8F25kUuLf2KNEN022nZMqVvD3oTuMz1mh40ciJOOlaE4cRDMRDAAIBUM-9M9JwVKvcK9cNoPS6awpCl%7EggF3AF7LnLfYbDYS9Xc3qvt2ZI%7EWQjcLcDDeLgNw3U6T1PiDztqW7kfvg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
4b6428802c22eb956390acb275f137d5
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/617e4b61aed2a408da6c57e82c57639c.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=LhU6XTmsE0tBC9QM%7EWLQrL5PkcldzcGH24zVvC8LSJ2vs7w31Xen3F2QRpJ4PhmZumFc6Bc3zCJo51MkwXse9DJEeDskrSh8ygLGeotLG3450Ai6HdSZTHEilHwhjWONV6vaGZn8JP7%7Ek5Ia0%7ETuZrgrYYZvitlroojsaNWFa2XX2iv1Wi7x8xexaYvuofIYJhPtjOVbUUpTbq6eoaBH7wUZHrwrIY%7Ewxi-QLkVh7x0u8%7EPwKbQXqiFfY%7E1I%7Eyxuedk7Ixe3vHQacaVBue1kdbrH3zm0XYE4eXT2bhmbJE2OeG1cOZUtbFnaPUYpnfot79IsA0AjWWet9kdX1agBpQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
dfa7bdf49281f93f9d3b857836f5c341
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/ef9b73153c922dbce19617547362eee4.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=pMrpx4NVXRYZZDieJG6niCqfXxxjR30jMAgBsEwlkD9YrIrX0cTmTdA3ypHy6IYmzRmhU%7EiDvgQyxm1GAGwabgbhZv%7EZhhJY1HBtXH356pE0gJT%7EqTSp4q5218LZKpAXrJo2Yc66yk7I5J8r6mnkda2rWWhPoYH%7E7rH1N7l-R9MpBJcEpQpjItZR5B5kJ5Dq%7EW5pLcPXcGv3iRrPZVmsPEF0X3x4N0CEPtfQxXutfA8a%7Ey-sQRY1z4UzI3ef%7EQzb-FZuAh0anjhP%7E0fxKXHJpwfPVwUx8S9r3QjO3dq7DMeZoBXhhyg0ImLiYgPv0AJHNg1pTCQzPuFIGj-ZshfPFw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
6037723fe74136abec229ff0613d28b1
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Galt Family Papers
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Miscellaneous papers relating to the Galt family, especially Dr. John Minson Galt II (1819-1862), superintendent of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Va., and his sister, Sarah Maria Galt (1822- 1880). Includes personal letters, architectural notes and rough sketches, newspaper clippings, genealogical information, and other miscellany. Contains information on Eastern State Hospital; attitudes toward the mentally ill; Williamsburg, Va., and its inhabitants; the disruptions of the Civil War; the Galt family; and the sculptor Alexander Galt.</p>
<p>Names appearing in the collection include John Minson Galt II, Sarah Maria Galt, Alexander Galt, Lucy B. Saunders, Mary McCabe, and Margaret M. Raum.</p>
<p></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
Page 1
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Chatham May 11th</p>
<p>My beloved Sally,</p>
</div>
<p>I have so much to say to you, & my heart is so full, I can scarcely express myself intelligently. At last, we are anxiously looking forward to a return to our old home, changed as it is, yet it is home! <strong>[Ere?]</strong> you receive this, you will have seen some of the Williamsburg <strong>[wonders?]</strong>. I write now by Dandy Jim, he returns with the hope of finding his parents - he has been very good & faithful. Now beloved Sally, wont you answer this & tell us how you & others are & if our home is habitable? If you cannot write get some friend to write to Lelia or for Page me, & direct to the care of Capt <strong>[?]</strong> U.S. army Danille.</p>
<p>The greatest pleasure we look<br /><br />Page 2</p>
<p>for in the old city is to see & hear you. My husband daughters & son send you much love. My darling grandchildren have so grown you would not know them, but they all know you (our little Lucy) & want to see you <br /><br />Oh! How I thank God you have been spared to us & to do good to others. It seems ten years since we left home & it was 3 years the 4th day of this month <br /><br />Oh! Sally if you could but come & kneel at my darlings <strong>[?]</strong> me <strong>[?]</strong> that is a <strong>[?]</strong>, I shall almost die to leave behind & have often felt I too should lie there! To say from the heart 'Thy will oh Lord be done on Earth as in Heaven" is my earnest prayer. Please tell our friends how we have thought of them & how we long to see them. I was at <strong>[Mr. V's?]</strong> lately all well & <strong>[hoping we can?]</strong><br /><br />[Page 3]</p>
<p>to go home, George has left out for W?</p>
<p>This evening Lelia Page & <strong>[Ro?]</strong> <strong>[?]</strong> at the <strong>[?]</strong> to eat strawberries & Mr J & <strong>[?]</strong> are to be there. This is <strong>[out of?]</strong> <strong>[?]</strong> and every <strong>[God?]</strong> has been so kind to us. I hope your faithful <strong>[Arena?]</strong> is <strong>[all?]</strong> you remember of her. Lelia has lately been to <strong>[?]</strong> & has many interesting things to tell of dear <strong>[Lizzie?]</strong> & the children.</p>
<p>Please get <strong>[?]</strong> to go to you & to tell you the real state of our house, dont be afraid to tell the worst, we have learned a great deal! you always admired my dear old husband, but if you could know & see how calmly & cheerfully he has borne all his trials you would <br /><br />Page 4</p>
<p>admire him, more than ever Let us hear from you as soon as possible and may the Lord <strong>[?]</strong> and <strong>[?]</strong> thee</p>
<div class="openorclose">
<p><strong>[pray?]</strong> your ever<br />affectionate old friend<br />L B Saunders</p>
</div>
<p>Page 5</p>
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Mrs.Lucy B, Saunders<br />Chatham<br /><strong>[Pittsylvania?]</strong><br /><strong>[?]</strong></p>
<p></p>
</div>
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Ink on paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Saunders, Lucy B.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lucy B. Saunders letter to Sarah Maria Galt, 1865 May 11
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1865-05-11
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3.9
Folder 2
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
1 item (5 pages)
Language
A language of the resource
English
Description
An account of the resource
Lucy Saunders' letter to Sally Galt in regards to Saunders' return to Williamsburg after the Civil War and other family news.
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/1867800db837f3433f7381fb5f671804.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=KQBaTJALUNAnIvuyI88CDHIBVspC5kr5Ahzrr2fk3lOzTfk5Pi0BptRmpK9mm2cjj1Oz8L9xDufBncSlDbOYK2WKCelAdF5R-eLwVKRTXZWcUrc0CZwrKSUHa01UAjGIrftdRg7GSoAI2JT%7E8pcomop9Fwwtv7CmShvhwyxI9iqaEc2BJLSEDQsry9Tc6VdGtbAf37lX6KX9DL%7EEc7LOzq2GhuvDqBiE6rqzhw7CUo8YWMVYC1RH4WjEFrV-S6fqSEN9N2Nm%7Eq%7EDxWqAfdK7axG6ltfagjG0DRD2Q37Fcd55SX-WI3yn%7ERBSE5E%7E%7Eq6TI90l2-Ah-sdmLQZXovsOXQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
0e63fe4c4f9f4f3b80c6f593a31563bf
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/9c116040aa864660eea42dd7f9e1c2fd.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=akXs53IHke7KQ1ErmP0WxekSjenMLbjG9EW%7E8rv66g6mzh03CSNbfrYty%7EBlv7-hN7Of1vx0f-zORwQWbGqt2nJZgFfTb-56Jna-wTqkktohK3TXIl2dgZ-i5RNa3RcrvGEsWZZeTnLFrhIkZ0Egz1oMGs-ujPKY1kNY8yg2XpK1tP%7ElFNfHQRWhb3QHrQB6kSNOALsr-WRH30Y8VcrrqpbJ%7ENPbhvAZK6BtzzIy-SgL5eYjkswf4Cue5xaIEcL0x8ErJK6SZU3gzeMsiHL3KDqAzHIfPxa0egsjJHb3KD5Mq9Rm4C5QX-EJnteLLr5uqVYiKIXw6vSyZfgvSw7Ezw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
83b27b382b60bb0b698f238257813e13
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/fbd98371032fba873614e49db219d2a4.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=ECewkyRu%7EZowHjjqK6JFhJ2xdEkQghJkYf61RFtwce4il8px5xKmCcWgiyKf8PHMgS22KosVkkWGBVwGC0M2Eydc7uysj9Vb7awX3HnXdtvp56ef3%7Efu0qxSLn3OxzWJjwv8m-lU4ijA%7EFLau%7EtMAvbX262-qA0Y8ZbyXYqTgrSXIxSxVQ7Q%7EAsVLTnbzFDfNKsaM7IL5eg5I6VgUJC2jMbmW27mVkhDMAJZplcM1J3x8RQmXt%7EEkHsC9r87wn8%7EaveGykTa5ysW7UZcNvTDjEKcqcenKW1v2HI2x%7ETzOMnDtKYeEp%7E8G-GmYqR4cxVP8YbCyQbUxJZFmLvTAAaz-w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
b7a781a1ed0fdd155d74c724485a59e8
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Galt Family Papers
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Miscellaneous papers relating to the Galt family, especially Dr. John Minson Galt II (1819-1862), superintendent of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Va., and his sister, Sarah Maria Galt (1822- 1880). Includes personal letters, architectural notes and rough sketches, newspaper clippings, genealogical information, and other miscellany. Contains information on Eastern State Hospital; attitudes toward the mentally ill; Williamsburg, Va., and its inhabitants; the disruptions of the Civil War; the Galt family; and the sculptor Alexander Galt.</p>
<p>Names appearing in the collection include John Minson Galt II, Sarah Maria Galt, Alexander Galt, Lucy B. Saunders, Mary McCabe, and Margaret M. Raum.</p>
<p></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
Page 1
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Anne Arundel Ceo. Ind. July 6th 1865</p>
<p>Dear Cousin Sallie,</p>
</div>
<p>I have written to you several times since I came over to this side of the Potomac, but have never received any answers so I supposed that there was some difficulty in sending a letter to Williamsburg and that you had not received mine, I heard the other day that you were in Richmond and knowing that the mails to that city go without any irregularity I write now hoping to hear from you very soon.</p>
<p>It seems such a very, long, long time dear cousin since I saw you, that I would give anything to see you now. Next to my husband and child I have always loved you and dear cousin John better than any one <br /><br />Page 2</p>
<p>in the world, and nothing would make me so happy as to see you.</p>
<p>I suppose you have been told most of the particulars of my marriage. I have one little girl baby named Mary who is now a little more than a year old. her birth nearly cost me my life, for I was dangerously ill, and my health since her birth has been delicate until now, I suspect to be confined with my second child the middle of September, and cannot help looking forward to it with anxiety but trust through the mercy of God to come safely through the trial.</p>
<p>We are now in very trying circum-stances. The war has unsettled every-thing so, that my husband finds it very difficult, to get into any business and there are so many returned soldiers from both armies that it is almost impossible to get a situation, with<br /><br />Page 3</p>
<p>any business house, so those places are given to the soldiers. I hope however to be settled some time, for the present I have little else but hope.</p>
<p>Have you heard anything from Mr. <strong>[Sykes?]</strong>? He is truly devoted to you and will I know come to see you as soon as he knows it is possible. Aunt Julia and Grand ma have both been very kind to him, indeed he has made friends every where, and has truly gratified me by his excellent conduct. I have not received a letter from him since I crossed to Potomac. If you should see him tell him to write to me.</p>
<p>When you write give me any news about any of the people that I knew in <strong>[our?]</strong> old Williamsburg. I have never loved any other place so well and feel interested in every one who lived there.</p>
<p>Dr John McCabe, my husband's <br /><br />Page 4</p>
<p>uncle is married a third time, to Mrs <strong>[Leeford?]</strong>, a lady of great wealth. Gordon I hear is going to Europe to complete his education which so you remember was interrupted by the war.</p>
<p>Have you heard anything of Robinson Garrett? I should like to know that he is well and doing well.</p>
<p>Write to me soon and tell me all that you know will interest me if you can tell me something of your own prospects and intentions.</p>
<p>I hope soon to be housekeeping and when I am, you must come and see me. I shall do all I can to make you comfortable and happy.</p>
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Goodbye - love to all -<br />Your devoted cousin<br />Mary McCabe</p>
</div>
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Ink on paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
McCabe, Mary
Title
A name given to the resource
Mary McCabe letter to Sarah Maria Galt, 1865 July 6
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1865-07-06
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3.10
Folder 2
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
1 item (3 pages)
Description
An account of the resource
Mary McCabe's letter to her cousin Sally Galt in regards to Sally's lack of communication and the irregularity of mails to Williamsburg, family updates, fears about childbearing, business disruptions caused by the Civil War, and inquiries into the the people of Williamsburg.
Language
A language of the resource
English
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/16ed40038da0106ced16e6c2f1f30596.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=D9jkper5cAakalmaKJPLNvWpWi%7ENC0wx9CW%7E3JcdRBUEJkkXPlLBwXpbf8VZWwjY%7EPAY47Q1hhkS1rnO5csrKdMSj0tX8egF%7E%7EE9PIYRHVIIM894EpXezhIDAoOq2-dgC-JYxudw0KjJss3TU0-lICuG0g%7E6ymKrxNQsnVuP3MJLvY0e%7ESKWOmH19ylruePT9k%7EgjUkP7DpnIfvzeOwBGlX8StQMJNBfuJQnhg30cMssHj64ig5N94vTJ8zvVEO-mauk%7Em68IcZ8LUtKrDYjfCY13mXkUoM9kAa4vWgvgOCXeUS-X84%7El7d7-3WRExINA27odY2VeTiU51NydWhSAg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
10a9ed09a29261847184b17531df4b9c
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/0deeb226e579125734c3b626944e7c9a.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=cVAWPqKjonTL3zes91g-kfLbQy5XSmfueHHrO9y3EONVZEIXtlTsehLCRfC9exehrFqXn08lAldrQP3v45cl23ocCBh5tYl3GbBYntGXRSb3u%7ExtEuqhANotafQMCP7mrXaCcFOPnNz%7EzYzYDKEJPvcppp6wFqiBvchTyxSCcChJK59XkkvDBrZBeiMENjkqrdkH%7E0G3gAWQQXx0NScHXslked3Xcp-57monNaML3tNl0%7ERsapc9t2r9cMUwNU1eQ6jwiook8bDAeFfShKKY6xjSq2KmJdJa83BHoAl4BnpOE%7E6OYtAXuvg1LFdXxnkHRmw1fxJBHrRWKHPUkBS9Ow__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
682481dc87159d8afe6b594d47500981
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/81af7e1317778e2e0e9b085b1a699e2b.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=lFLEKE39dKSfijiACLl4IvgEoR43gq3jC%7EsCnoeoFP%7EFBJXqRiK1vMnkU2getC71dGv-0ad%7EqntLbiziBsevJQ6DzwMN2uWboIoEKxEzqXkg3m3iS2FWNWZmuMx%7EuRqzuGAHADRuOuGyqNjMfaPEhA1bhu%7EZfbB-FF2%7EX8G1azEOX8V1OqwbuLE9yLz60VsQ4i53EuOk3lJtdt31JOH1mrqEk0mLRG3p-1cLkSfoW6SVTRYsiX-hMAMYhgVIkSGH-BUxteU%7Eb%7EBBhtEGYPsePFK05dbB5XaguWjyV8uO26GboTi9LoyOXgU5VE7Rk73ZEj2-GPHJFUoz0EBJdD-Siw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
0d56fbdd35ec99926700c40ee5c1b91b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Galt Family Papers
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Miscellaneous papers relating to the Galt family, especially Dr. John Minson Galt II (1819-1862), superintendent of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Va., and his sister, Sarah Maria Galt (1822- 1880). Includes personal letters, architectural notes and rough sketches, newspaper clippings, genealogical information, and other miscellany. Contains information on Eastern State Hospital; attitudes toward the mentally ill; Williamsburg, Va., and its inhabitants; the disruptions of the Civil War; the Galt family; and the sculptor Alexander Galt.</p>
<p>Names appearing in the collection include John Minson Galt II, Sarah Maria Galt, Alexander Galt, Lucy B. Saunders, Mary McCabe, and Margaret M. Raum.</p>
<p></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
Page 1
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Charlestown Sept<em>ember </em>24th, 1865</p>
<p>Dear Miss Gault</p>
</div>
<p>I have thought for some time past that I would write to you and inquire concerning the <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">condition</span> of my sister.</p>
<p>After our return home last spring I wrote to Mrs Kelham and in answer to my letters she said that sister had been more excited than usual after we left. Since that time we have never heard from the Asylum and feel anxious to know if there has been any change upon her since then.</p>
<p>Would you please go to see her and let us know how she is and if she is comfortable and has all attention that is necessary, also if there has been any change made of Officers or Physcians.<br /><br />Page 2</p>
<p>By so doing you would confer a favour upon us and relieve our anxiety concerning her.</p>
<p>If she should remain longer in Williamsburg we will again at some further time revisit your pleasant village of which we often think with pleasure.</p>
<p>My brother George and another of my brothers have been with us since last spring we have heard from the other three and strange to say they have all been spared to us without the loss of a single limb although the two eldest have lost all that is of any value to them yet we feel thankful that their lives and limbs have been spared to them.</p>
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Ma joins me in love to you<br />Remember us to Mrs Kelham & The rest of the ladies, Write Soon, Yours Truly<br />Margaret M. Raum</p>
</div>
<p>Page 3</p>
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Direct To</p>
<p>Margaret M. Raum<br />Charlestown<br />Jefferson Co.<br />Va.</p>
</div>
<p>Page 4</p>
<div class="openorclose">
<p>Miss Sallie Galt<br />Williamsburg<br />James City County<br />Virginia</p>
</div>
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Ink on paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Raum, Margaret M.
Title
A name given to the resource
Margaret M. Raum letter to Sarah Maria Galt, 1865 September 24
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1865-09-24
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3.11
Folder 2
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
1 item (3 pages)
Description
An account of the resource
Margaret Raum's letter to Sally Galt inquiring about the condition of her sister, a patient at the Eastern Asylum. Margaret remarks on the survival of her brothers.
Language
A language of the resource
English
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/039664a9360a7012a30b0af4f1a1e311.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=AwgFoywu%7EiI6%7EmfeJtf2Mf40OFTK6ZdDxDftAaLxxdFIRksdJjK9Be9F5Ij1iJiWr7b22fhBGtLLBaGclcrNW5lm8syUiB52XD6a7FeMMK7j5cZzX48S6Hj5B%7EUx4uWnEsBbqQ7N6wO2AoSWHg1BPqRoA4zxXfFv2FXgAGtXNzUIKD70T0KQQ8j%7Ew6JftWucXpfjdE2t3MoFy1ouJCaKREcZFWL76YqnW1xkaqVLtAt-V5FyTehSbC39AHJi8GCbkbmxp%7EDyJd2DIBL5GFSb%7EnlLfD4KVKUbtEuLalx5SV1QzFc793JZkRrRmYsSwfpx3eM21-RmalDxyc8KFhvt6Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
5ba5b2608fc594953eeaee17613552b0
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/1583c67d092e1a006c574b4190829643.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=EOXZhUeu%7EFNfsSsf%7E-w3kZS3u84YR7fRN02TIah9%7EHDkgtte7nMPhvJpSfCPDA3ozVGpjGCtuPb0HncLX3hLKWStUKZsRyzvx6DejU%7EWDNzNFYRvKw8L1OIJz3eU1nCnyO5V9iGcahvQjTfc%7EoeEi8yrIrTmp0uynKqO0Cb7I9Uq5jkChtKNtuRYDZMd%7EuVDOv9tm5q6JqURdOfLacYbUSIQcJJ%7Ex0sAqV9Wo8FfXMw5za7tG0P1sYrWYTQzp0DwJr20ussZ-onnp0U9dSPmvfFV4pzq6w87hOH5L%7ExLePvsxq9kUjSLmjhSL0FBrg3rFAuDfAFJ5scx6t-yABZ1cw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
e5be2dea0b9889f89e9ee02b4ef5f2c3
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/f466e893924818309e97e5ec663101e1.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=dgHTAxQziGYJd7P8fS1qkV0PQE5t9hFwXvs7CwpNwFVNfUskX68ifylpoGc6uVLoujKaaNBETYSfqsNz8-r5HKfLHd7HVPQUmeAZuvhGBiawYFGv0KvYk5MQomucK7sIBFcuc7xLrEKEn3HWtZObD9THlIuapfyiWPEau48-WsHL7L7WlLmd51w4inOd-ZwsjNBAfuTjNIt8DDnoqArVFKt6NlW1qL8p6ALfRlWUuD1MkupfCZMPbMFJtMI-dS0LkB4RwXDnA5KuBZ7E3h0FoHhw5e97tlqS2Hm8OFhIKPLP3tuKhreBue-axUNYQcpGGjClZBc9z2MbVV4TcaiyOw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
101f45492758d8cf260e9a2e5aae3b8e
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/04975d1ed5fcc593df222235de491054.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=ihUkCoPN19H6ows2Wgvk5LHXPOADSq1mWKAVihLUBstU0CjjAHIpDLIbuHbZJZ%7Ej2DPZP3Rw4xi1agfAfyO9o4Dwtbw3FIvTh5UjEAKlXfyioztgWP5VTxa9sPB0oYoaEkvw7gHoeTFAE8Pe-uhl-mUrx8yXhx0U4gsYyV0wakBPPiShE-eZ94Sv46p3yx5FkulA93xaNNY9GIqfjYhtZtyDSA06zwD3PORLw4-UV%7EzxGO3HsbamN3tYfeUFrA1bUFXEbIOpHWwPc8a9DbTbRtfVlMF4ng2Tfz4fXerAbx226HLyvIxULa9-KnTlnrQSF%7EzQRVnn7tD3IUtQ9aYHIQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
ca56ddd183e92f0c75b23c3111d7b946
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/cf76c9eea4da81e1c039c1b289ea97e7.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=iAkPDV-xtPgYSRxRuPtmHCaV7BuAyul%7Ei7Prz0gMpnF5ovTDeFchjokXtaaWuJ7iTPjOm7YIafqS%7EcXiMhs2RIK%7EFMbEigZELubT2sjIa0BBONoTVbsbHfapXXFN4cxlX69MdsH46CPLtu-sKh8LWCgYUhgeO9qYI8oZpRjrPBMLcZ7G70Ny6yoQrEZ6RgtiikET8PDfsP0KzLRVc0me2K4Cz6SqxsVJZpGvFm0WD8zQUOYEBLsB%7E%7EBn2PoXY2dj2XPwpMj-nuUIaQpaHtoDoWMDp3M4fTJUGz4pYj-XSEumZVFmMuWJzGtUGpyHK4lwdl51ri5TcKg2bn9o1BxzRw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
68bb7b89355085cf4d4e971bd3ce4952
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/7541d20959cc93ca08a1666fd003533e.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=gnKqul2ihm5ukASoJdZ7Sy7eyyjkBcRxtb3oJUOYtbwzhbI2y8HbVC6Tf6wQ%7EwzETp0kLq9tVys7SCaZGU6h3Qnb8ntj3irthEuaP7cfx%7El3T2dbWbsCkpouKGnbT41wjuRMiBtXWHWiutHjMKhpInbWEapB55zMYk2ek0gCHjxg7qMly6URGPF01Dtfld4-d814UdqUM5BWRuDV89REHaYtz0SkkKdP38lTNsnPY1w7bb1C%7EehjRNb24iFEJtCF3J-gtQEnuj4mo2B-AJOGMiISJPRgZIaYigVALl4KVFC6z2nVyPde-77U1MU4vtG2CrDcMNYjd16N8mOc0CIAaQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
60b024e3030b74a8eeebbc57317086d4
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/9243ce2743a9866200350db0a17738bd.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=gOrqakQ-UpkaM7%7EANcZ1KO-jzdAJoOmXhXXItxccSGh9ZxxoP2Hx2PmDDOju0vcMJMd1ZH2THN2dTxBKy5XDDqSqATyIsKG9kePremPns6P8zOvFwsOGPz0W72Ydf4kWQF9xbTFk0DVkZ0BTpfrV3oykBHQJOy7OaWvilAeJ-v0tyxhIzDCXOqhIUIMKCtoooXqyOWR2iUlDumoZ1Bn0-QctsMKGjde5Vr-6%7ECfZkAj3qSaKSIMkgOSw3wlHJ6uF0Tfdn1rfrQwFCwFYvCYqNAE7Mrfd%7E3S%7EgOIZqhzo%7ESokrE4hEGQd7T2IDxVYo4gyOL43SBZed1tLaYPMzfwP7w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
2d9ce71ca8a9594c8fa9b1b06407464d
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/90ecfea7ec038d52a6a2e4c3ac2031e0.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=qV1GY09wl4IJ5co6Q5qaOvW7gqcy%7E6dNp--ee5JuIKN5PtCyZWhgJ3ooO1Mceo-J04bBx984OujpNjT6k-VRbDdoDcbFv0ycyrPqJ0rO5e382CKviikLTXrS3tFb5lzynwjD%7EKpj9moXaUZhAGGOxBVrQqIm3ufr3GO9bvJAwSON0HMIr2riLT6Ro4hSsxxHGA6WkhGMxulb2f7ZWTmLtEP%7EIi0MwKiGSTvwCWd8VyHpGgeQe-mUu1URzl4j-5g6WdanzRjdkSCyRL1M3LERLt42NuthT1yfwgxaRSGcMeLOdeU1MHIfNpn%7EsP%7EiVpsiVl6rNQYDt%7EneI0-cCbeGuQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
0dfe2baca418da9d8683b3c907a47d6f
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/81a6f8030a04898d85cee4c482c5f7f7.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=DoumI-1eZblZW8OYhN0m%7ENxuWopOo3MzaI0HwBiyu690hrmsJePui8yCUB1mFORLBBn94SbTFUUSCJPcMrKX4Afu3cwz0fZEA%7Exc3lGhuYsLhLxZ3UdxU4yeEsLnGsyAm4Ju3MLpzd1b7OK3Zyk4KTuznf8MF5an-KgMTxqOS%7Eq1jFA9aotw0MKrHN4bawcyekuZZa2EpjSfcBCdpfLBFYQxFekss5bJgBJ5SfYKtRv9GivA1ikC-jXwV1%7EyM7CwxInjuuoklS5fDnO0GwZqDqMKdLBunvEx%7Ezf%7EN45ke3cGLA6LV1-WO-De4Ds3wvS3JjDgZpebPw0RrlncRpCqhg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
9e688dbc79860eb77e0c2c140080f953
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/6279f701dd5b0cb56f59ba927550b47e.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=ASWVldtBBp4vCouCRnzGkpuk1Z%7EaC6GmDbnovQRvPD4xFwYzQ8T1%7EZl8QOcdN-cy3XvKUmyNyjDjVy3%7Eji66zJbqpIRNZw0cW3fknJvp-3uSX0XLdBF%7EScG7DNITiACcMLfBBp1aSULBcffeHzIoya47Paz2-8Dl1z6PsN2FFr53%7EN833X0GwiMLuhopykcQuKzPPCwLawRZgrJuAoFbAOohM%7E5EGYw3YSxsojlBCnP0fnCjtkMU7m76fFNzYDJaObhDxKImWsdeK999AYImW42cTro8MIWoiUYP0CBZ6sK64ln9L%7ESSeexOhXxBuRTka2cElOP2iatfh7XcokL%7ELw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
692335f029d83414bcc59962090477b5
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/b156e215673a6bc587679cd15452c847.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=tEIP-Twt56%7EiQpjFLBAgqjwx6yiGK%7Ep0ZKBQMFlNAC8O8OWqKSayjbzIZJpdDTIl5wRxcWKMAYvTxKl0wUpuVBJ7nCngcrmrT7RTZO2iRKkXWucvNBaLIES2YcnONv-tmlBj7OlqHFMnAINlR69VTU9-I7VQWDIT2iYPRZ8OfA69Qto0E13-wPqi37LPtar7Bfc62NzFOX6YRtafFH%7ERzqNwErj12GutJUM4A1hgfKYirGj3uVA-Lqpce5G0HNuM-vXgDKw0SQgVpjZKKhSKJ0-o5QDUibwRS1sPho96HPqyAR6FO7hdt%7EqqihQX6PBVXeHykubV5W0hHuSW-4hsWA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
5e76b551035e848559bd4599bb2c5d15
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/63fc7a2888859093271271efbb843a95.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=cbAoUdlpJhkiHWYy-hAY%7EnPowMo0NmeR6Lc04cbx4UhDo%7E9zdXV58EFf9fmA0vLxhfoJJSVi1F8VArETOgsy3O%7EphSwvYjn4SMyzsfrjcD5w4kFfBDwpg4tQ3l5E4V1GaJ2FIWDPltTMfZD%7EnGIcAiswso1jQaNy9fvVrpjoIeLA-ISPDWBByW8q8iu6lxH42KrMAp-aXV2X6lKiS77XBL-GqtiVDahl4RnUlm3NLEMCvJz9d74nlhm1TJH%7Ehbp9S63bBxT%7ENv5QGBrCjoFQaFpIS5iMLF7PT1wIWhFwPvW46in8mbvOujxVEFFu8eg20Sx5Msic4ts2y3jum2kp0w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
110e2fd6be981f5a4992bf2d3c47de07
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/535a1779f01459cb042c1bfbdfeb531c.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=om-POsebe3gZReGmxVcCX9vDVX3XM8PEppTksObfjCRl88idjdxIxQifkoTci3LvKHnUaoarOSQSqA15%7EEZNgu5sOhz-cOJCRJyA2kdNg53mh398gq-3YEfblpJbQJOYimvN1QbMizGmkKeX7OoqqF1JORWkXqMMuBrVarQk-sJvRlW2%7EY6zLPHFKHRMRn%7EXWajpq8fFwbI%7EAgDJLhSyMaRnpfNo2EopMMjJrxWvHe5aVTDT8UwIn627NQhn%7EiB%7E0yy499UOF-f8sYY81gEGPRfMxCH4r-wKxH6sXfO56oHF7ug%7En%7E02izlRqSllYlamNA6pvrj06uDwUH%7Em0hWcow__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
e91d5c6bf71a98eb3108b700e0f16162
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/2e77bdbae8040c08caaf88bc84464585.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=SQikGjdwmyqN-5-cGR6W4MtsAefSb4VjH2YdSIwpI2L4tJQVqubxt1KSNrbwOQKbQomx6mx6mJjVuajlH%7ETXEapqYzcpIxEimvHQg8VEg1%7EJBa3Vib8wxY7BtLoC6hhPML1gCth%7EinitNtvABua-4kuCaYW2%7EcwmtfWE1Pf%7EcVagnUEzP0kgpQlK8vBfvM6CGxU4J4MhWCYlpDuCSEhZ6doD39DSno%7Egg-pZT%7EH24ItauYkHPZzqXR%7E2rHvJUXbTnG6nW4mL71OFM-XfuiyW1uvSWJc-Vk5%7ERjPmziGdBx13ZM87%7EPXTCwbAemSoRcJTONo0HTYkeB9LFvHfNv96Cw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
2a4c94aa225c746696d43ff5fca132f1
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/11e03a75b32345caf9a842fba7b46d09.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=RUjgdIAifx-UcAfQUjxX5WRcaV7FMHMIOD5cu6RWExr1tJxWNExKB91hdQIosGBiPE-7E4age2CxQkbVJGjl80LoDm3WoNQbJdJpOaWWv76S60U8qI7UFQUWp9RCmRenzfCCS1PSQ0zT6bLGkQcPBS5D9vSVL97fJgHlOiNcan%7EKXapxILelP-%7EKCwtdCuTjyy4wVCvCWdoZY47fFEVmaoGT41DjF2qn-8W2Qfp0TR1g8gosZwQ82eA0uBwU10cHgu%7E8lBrr91dcO5ZvXLiTiRLfoYOEHEiHj6b7KNj4kIEUya1I%7EG-zNcP6nHCN5qyrqkAOw-hge-4R1iE3pkQ1Vw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
e96ba7ec0bbeb2285c47ae26b65dd4af
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/9b38d95ce7c98414ae2a5492b40270ed.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=rmKwJM6Iv44m4AVeoaoFXAbJCHMJjXuG4laNeAMoAhSuLs2%7EuDjGrcmRODUcBNZ-mbGZV7CTyHFs4zpxlrr%7EduSjrC6jpGDGaNbE8OUsBc9csQlmK9Nm6O3YxbDvpWWvLigsSXuCtTq1HgexLos71pNHh5db0WiO5zL5iNgqWpEmX2sWHvcukCYOog62cxBDX9bKuU3YHUB0GV55iZmJlHkDSSzXnyT98zfN33bx0ZBXBHysS19N49rCMmcHs4JfI1ZdhhIhjf2mTGXlK611NKlwDyFWkyz%7E9CiznOJcIRefKs6DPsEeYL4bzDgqoSUG7wotV4C2odw1WYyONW05CQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
dc57984d16b9827dc3ca32b2038f8579
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/4729d933c09c71f1fb4c3afbb9a5c9ff.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=ok9ENAKI50jxD78CGKNByiggKoe3cjgcajYQcr2lW-lnFB0tpUh0XebI5PDz-K0UaKevXNCWmWS8oFuSljDRxBjvZb0Fk-qeIfEcQh3H%7EPLo7sCiSZy%7EDm0VHxZlNdVisslj5ANI161lBc4GmxXUEGApYTbgexTWdYNYAiqL2JWGo6AVvHPfQEDPbIQ7Y3CX6T6iFM2gSQSmIpfFZWWSKzJr7DHYPub0slDIPJ9BSqLI-HM%7E-cYg8%7E1kDaFPk4zox8QiIj0mw%7EMtyVTECtVE7ZSHXTRdZWRGyazhMBwIS6WEW8OYYi2dYomBhIp4Mm2R-2HDiPe7u6L1MkTlJzBSVw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
5d1b32ce50f854af9d169639052a58ff
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/b80d4125ff7c8ce49c5300594896a699.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=LQlRaOp2cee0YpkkqIxl0XqYDqeUHoz%7E%7EFD0zmO3jmkFCsVse61TFk2ZmX2Ey22hp8RrOmVyA7HyoUnQFQp2RJvBbMXNYJ4EjaZCn9Lj3whIWxgZHm-6PRFi66pDVzBwu2cV%7EO46K86zBkuvYSVbOQNxC6egLjrb3IFP-qp0QjZQjsTEcCk6YFldAxKMX6%7EJ8apofVIOioeG9lh0SYKzI78UjQQh20OzT-ScGgYzYJ4c9DJbjeupfPYe79dJJ6VLkQYwe18ihQaZGikIBihAEejg7MVBgFOBIZ1%7Ezzh8kN4tw0a9SkpzPtSRqjIUEVVl38XYH6UlIw8aHb6WmZoe3Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
2f803576efff670ab0424db438665b95
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/58cfc420eccc92575ee3087eb3c89125.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=YzyYeVQnljVye1-t-aenwsq6-B9NGsjUoLeaOQApLEJqPU4VU5BE78OnH-Hm-Dasr6LZdr5Z6v82DyjG2ene1MEAsUaxZwZg0wb8yv33gGzxjyhVJtU8yOhntwjEteMFISfZ9bJ9c0cB8CGER9AV6Z%7E%7EbzXSIzWDWIchmXN9EYMelKNLSmbaveccRa7e6LX9qTspbLt-CXMJHyjIIaKcamBBoMCVsjOjr7mrFLTXpSHD4ix-kv9hom59x6MIDLQTcZ4CtRdIwmdEtEwt2G-pkFkuNXVauL0ENHJxT4tsp2KLZgAvFiptmej9e7a7VwXeBWoZe9TDshCFB2Pwqx5ILg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
6cb0f90d66bf6184ace3ac72b74fe979
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/6d3d28a0ccb5cfc549ac7edb1840b02c.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=WABF5RbrlLyL8C7rYfx27lfdYta14vcleaFUSSxe0BYy084I4Q93M3uWwYcvszZYLUsdfL2TI1Zfh2SgDReINQZKbdtLEMLgZ6vM6ERNbRAp9MAV6PMYdtFOTnSOCvCKTAhxOXf1wjlUDuX-Ocvl%7Ee2BLw6mQP6p19387C7FqkYP4ML180Vn6KOMbBf98GCeQxHSjBCYawKHPHjgcapC3cWy16VOjfsBHbWfTG0oIDa3l%7EAkABF-EGrRFWx6PLASb9csh2ezcuD-f%7ExjgSlSysWtZUvtaAHke80rUbl8rvlxtDdBChY932GFxIwHNRYs8lFG4lx833BxnMr9qmj38g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
4f1280ae6a287e862b63b43653895f14
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/a789cc7fb0e997c6973bc5e8dbb7ed69.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=DsY5BTiYvV-3KRKzEYc%7EFNapBa9FIjCLfy7Lv5%7E0jm5XxPPL3SNnDyYf%7EwzoJuz91-u4y89u94s9ZrOdqrualtWUsZNvyDSENkbuuSp8SRlx%7EQ3Mnd6eN9DeVjI7CZV%7EeqgilbUayQkHPG8z7xZE2j7VTp5ZysL0cPug5XdStogiWaEnFqWYEB0uqUJzuAxroEiGA-3mBHrZR8TpaAsJYwlljQ06iyJ9RMJQfzRsvl9iTnV1jS-LhIKls2ZJ2Jy0rUSdzDkjOBX6ltjjl8X03ZA4ttHttWivzT3wSGRT938ddCH4lVV5CP6FgxOUBkTsYfZTprKtOE-AmBcdGFu9cg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
75111e963a3ebc86971611e4a4115845
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/268f4731878598ecb6aa7bf5e7d9b270.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=jjs6D1%7EmcsMytRqkJ1c7WlLdunw5fl5IIWOMStDE-9nxvWVgKBlvFnVesWRN9oKCf3VEr9ODDm6BdvBRnNJEGyKZELvSCXuzpuxKr-c5-Ic6XqTq2jS6fcImGjjuH%7EipZ4Xy21rfzZ2TuIwtfGA8kkZ15gZKFDF4PJ3mnI14KeAyLAGus5LTKyCZFXt6p%7Etyy6c5LRm8aBL2vkDX0mvz5CZuLCwPWhviR-20hn1SOlOGIZ1FL%7ELt8osw5uHtuY3nFeFYRQ98dm814VMXGoYWXSJuJflqMNGAI7ukq9jAUIm9ZepVNV%7ENkh%7E6ytFoPqpx7i6-rhPC4%7E4IZ6-CIi-T4Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
67b2794a9c97a7df21656d311e5ca9e7
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/4c6eee30ac737b2ecaa66ba220dbf47c.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=siq4TyXbd-KtXb0AwGt3F2EafoK0pmtuq0FQlyvlBfZDQ3Z3N2D31KhSKgtZjAD9lIEKHrppiiRUUmdydALmw9KNydIUL-b0LOgJMKIP5ZlpJrGI5knz4Iq3uS7y4Ooejj9nddv4MEdY%7EnvoV9whhk9jh2Q4IvGK1ihWVX0df4dJaguV-MybTClaDqBIWFtSfKZynfzdSTr84zT324RBhGxWAQKz9hLx7TIJ5unSWVqpDwXf00yXsYOjoITm9qQK2XRXGihQH4KaJpgbNB2trPurelv4kt2ItTLymDu8DNa%7EZscMwItC4lXIJUL-p2Di%7El6LWz5b699cRAXGuSFMgQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
bb601d6bdf375511c1e03e765d74590f
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/50709/archive/files/6d3f779a9884071f126f5b42d0ee1181.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=gKixGGZQ1F7Cob94SudsJsUTjdajyaNF96Mc2E-0GHA0HD776FvZJioehpIWWkwXACFo2HeQvojbSYFqaca5eyiYqXxw7R5bMg1WzVmUE0NEgFKeJiItLPmAB%7E7XOZo-juN8D8FpUqEz2eO-4rvC3b2blO0khHimhquL%7ECG30CCg2sC-2JTHWsNQ1IWGhGYBRjZYB8Vp7clwrAp%7EuW7e52zbJOP6S7DreFcaVPGMYMAUJmxbFQmD6M8Wt7hE2NuSZg8e-vLGy0V7P6PZ5JNpOgJaSFQlq%7Eo8Y1kww-XWPsjQXBA1RCXdOr8gxP3o0KzoWELat1e8ZKpst9tym7T-OA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
cba1233b37f7a5a358ad96a8af63d56a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Galt Family Papers
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.3
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Miscellaneous papers relating to the Galt family, especially Dr. John Minson Galt II (1819-1862), superintendent of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Va., and his sister, Sarah Maria Galt (1822- 1880). Includes personal letters, architectural notes and rough sketches, newspaper clippings, genealogical information, and other miscellany. Contains information on Eastern State Hospital; attitudes toward the mentally ill; Williamsburg, Va., and its inhabitants; the disruptions of the Civil War; the Galt family; and the sculptor Alexander Galt.</p>
<p>Names appearing in the collection include John Minson Galt II, Sarah Maria Galt, Alexander Galt, Lucy B. Saunders, Mary McCabe, and Margaret M. Raum.</p>
<p></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
<p>Page 1<br /><br />DR. JOHN MINSON GALT AND THE WILLIAMSBURG ASYLUM<br /><br />P.G. Hamlin, M.D.,<br />Williamsburg, Virginia. <br /><br />Graven in stone over the Pennsylvania Avenue entrance of the Archives Building in the City of Washington, D.C., are these words: "The past is prologue; study the past."<br /><br />Some of you perhaps visit Virginia for the first time; many are old acquaintances. No doubt a few have a concept of the Virginian as a pleasant fellow of good manners, genteel breeding, rather well-satisfied with himself, mayhap a trifle provincial. Doubtless not a few of you are acquainted with the story of the Virginian who visited Rome. According to the congenial custom, he called on the Pope. The Holy Father politely inquired "And what part of America do you come from, sir?" "Fauquier County, suh," said the true son of the Old Dominion, without batting an eye.<br /><br />But today I wish to tell you of a Virginian to whom the adjective provincial could never be applied, of one who had all our virtues, such as they <br /><br />*Read May 7, 1941, at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Richmond, Va., and released for publication by the <em>American Journal of Psychiatry</em>. <br />Dr. Hamlin is now serving in the Medical Corps of the Army, with the rank of Major and is stationed at Hoff General Hospital, Santa Barbara, California. <br />Reprinted from Virginia Medical Monthly, Vol. 68, Pages 502-506, September, 1941. <br /><br />Page 2<br /><br />are, and none of our vices, such as they are. I wish to tell you of a Virginia doctor, of a Virginia psychiatrist who looked far beyond the confines of his own hospital, of his own State, to the mentally handicapped, wherever they were to be found. He had an intellectual-interest as ubiquitous as the printed page and a humanity as far-flung as the races of the earth.<br /><br />The storied town of Williamsburg became the little capital of Virginia in 1699 while its name was still Middle Plantation. Less than three-quarters of a century after that, the first hospital exclusively for the mentally ill in the western world was opened there. And on the opening day, October 12, 1773, James Galt, Keeper, was on hand to receive the first patients. He was the son of Samuel Galt of Ayrshire, Scotland, of a Covenanter family, which had settled first at Strawberry Banks, near Old Point Comfort, Virginia, and then moved to Williamsburg. From the opening day until May 18, 1862, some member of the Galt family in unbroken line, was connected in an official capacity with the Williamsburg mental hospital. <br /><br />James Galt's younger brother, Dr. John Minson Galt, I, became attending physician to the hospital in 1792. He was educated at William and Mary and studied medicine in Edinburgh and Paris during 1765, '66 and '67. After completing his medical studies he returned to America and for a short while was with the Hudson Bay Company. From Canada he came back to Williamsburg and was a well-known surgeon in the Revolutionary Forces - surgeon to the Fifteenth Virginia Regiment, and later in charge of the military hospital at Williamsburg. He served the Lunatic Hospital from 1795 until his <br /><br />Page 3<br /><br />death in 1808, and was a vestryman of Old Bruton Parish Church. <br /><br />His son, Dr. Alexander Dickie Galt, served the mental hospital at Williamsburg for over forty years until his death, November 20, 1840. Excellent indeed were both his academic and medical education. From William and Mary he went to Oxford and from Oxford up to London, where, in the wards of Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, he was a pupil of the renowned Sir Astley Cooper. There he studied the medical art during the years 1792, '93 and '94. From London he returned to Williamsburg where he soon acquired an enormous practice in the town and several surrounding counties. He was known throughout the countryside for his prodigious energy, his tireless devotion to his work and his kindness to the poor. It is said that he once refused half of the largest fortune in Virginia to remain all night at the bedside of an old, poor, half-drunken, sick negro. <br /><br />One might well be justified in assuming that for Dr. John Minson Galt, II, who was the son of Dr. Alexander Dickie Galt, the genes for medical aptitude were auspiciously arranged in the chromosomes. And so indeed it proved to be. <br /><br />John Minson Galt, II, was born in Williamsburg, Virginia, March 19, 1819. His mother was Mary Dorothea (Polly) Galt of Richmond, the daughter of Gabriel Galt and a third cousin of his father. At an early age he showed an ardent love of reading, and he excelled as an athlete, a combination <br /><br />*I am indeed indebted to Miss Mary Meares Galt of New Windsor, Md., and to the late Miss Annie Galt of Williamsburg, Va., for many details of family history. <br /><br />Page 4<br /><br />considered somewhat more rare nowadays. Botany soon became and remained one of his life's chief interests. He read widely and wrote in that field. In the realm of literature, he read all the principal works within his reach, in English, French, Latin and Greek, and when he reached maturity he needed no translator for any European work other than Russian or Turkish. Hebrew, likewise, he mastered, and turning his face toward the East, read the Koran in the original Arabic. <br /><br />Like his father and his father's father before him, he frequented the academic hall planned by Sir Christopher Wren. William and Mary's A.B. was his in 1838. Next came Philadelphia and medicine. He walked the wards of Old Blockley, wards which have echoed the tread of Gerhard, the DaCostas, Crawford Long, Agnew, Osler, the Grosses and other true followers of Aesculapius. In 1841 the University of Pennsylvania gave him its M.D. degree and he came home to Williamsburg. <br /><br />Meanwhile, at the Eastern Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg, the office of Medical Superindentent had been created by an Act of the Legislature in February, 1841. To this office he was called in July, 1841, at the age of twenty-two, called because his family had served the institution since the day it opened its doors; called because his father and grandfather had been on its medical staff; called because he had already demonstrated unusual promise of medical abilities useful to the citizens of his State. Never was there a more apt instance in which the job sought the man. <br /><br />Shortly after he took over the hospital housing <br /><br />Page 5<br /><br />one hundred and twenty-five patients, his reports began to show his interset, his enthusiasm, his grasp of the work. His mastery of European langauges, especially French, gave him ready access to the very best current thought in psychiatric literature. The teachings of Pinel, Esquirol, Leuret, and numerous others were made immediately accessible to the officials of his board and citizens and officers of his State. Always he was teaching and admonishing for the good of the mentally ill. So deep an impression did his character make on those in public life that a decade or two later, John Tyler, Jr., in writing of him to Jefferson Davis, spoke of him "as one of the purset men of one of the purest families on earth".<br /><br />The student of his writings is impressed alike by their breadth and profundity. His attention was arrested by things that go back to time immemorial, yet he was thoroughly conversant with the very latest viewpoint given in the mental journals of England, France, Italy, the United States. "The primary effort in Europe made in favor of the insane was due to a French monk, St. Vincent de Paul. Many years afterwards, however, this cause received its first real effort from Pinel and Tuke in 1792." Hippocrates, he demonstrates, classified insanity into mania and melancholia, but it remained for Pinel to point out the fact that "there were cases of insanity in which there were perversions of the feelings without lesions of the understanding. To these he gave the name '<em>manie sans delire</em>' and '<em>folie raisonmantle</em>.'"<br /><br />He repeatedly emphasizes his belief "that the medical and surgical procedures in a mental hospital should be subordinated to the psychiatric". <br /><br />Page 6<br /><br />Kindness, to him, was the keystone of the arch . . . "This, and this alone" he says, "tends fully to dispel the vague ideas often present in the insane that those around them are enemies . . ." <br /><br />Many of us, I suppose, are accustomed to think of occupational therapy, recreational therapy, biblio-therapy and musico-therapy as being of rather recent origin. This, however, is far from the truth. G. Alder Blumer, in writing of Dr. Galt, shows how he quotes Shelley to show the effect of music in quieting mania. As far as occupational therapy is concerned, he quotes Sir Francis Bacon to testify as to its value "For this distinguished philosopher has quaintlyh said 'In the theater of man's life only God and the angels should be lookers on.'"<br /><br />"In all cases we seize every opportunity to induce occupation of some sort except in the infirm and in those highly excited . . . ." In 1843 he had for the employment of his patients at Williamsburg a carpenter shop, a shoemaker's shop, a leather goods shop, a broom-making department, and a sewing room. <br /><br />For recreational games he had cards, drafts, dominoes. These and occupation and music he speaks of as "revulsives of utility in turning away the mind preoccupied by phantasy.'"<br /><br />Anent books he writes in 1843, "A few months back, I purchased two handsome book cases and, in compliance with the Board vesting in me the power, shall shortly procure the requisite number of volumes to form a library, other arrangements will also be made so as to render this a valuable and regular additional agent in the moral treatment."<br /><br />Page 7<br /><br />One can easiliy visualize his love of and appreciation for the beauty of the printed page throughout the ages. "Books which have softened the hard lot of the prisoner and added new charms to the life of the free in all its forms . . ." He then adds that the books for a mental hospital library should be chiefly, perhaps, travel, biography, history. He quotes the British Commissioners of Lunacy: "No asylum should be without a library."<br /><br />Schools, regular classes for instruction of the patients, he preached, were an essential part of every well-regulated asylum. In his 1843 report he quotes Dr. Kirkbride's latest report. Dr. Kirkbride reported with interest that instruction in langauges had been given to patients at the Pennsylvania Asylum. At Hanwell Asylum near London, patients who were unable to read were taught to do so. At the Bicetre, near Paris, there were schools with between two and three hundred patients as scholars. "In the exertion of the various mental faculties thus attained, there is doubtlessly a moral means of great power."<br /><br />Eighteen hundred and forty-four was the golden year of American psychiatry. In the month of May, Dr. Amariah Brigham projected his <em>American Journal of Insanity</em>, the first number appearing in July. In October of the same year, thirteen medical superintendents of asylums met in Jones' Hotel, Philadelphia, to found the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane, which later became the American Medico-Psychological Association, which in turn became the American Psychiatric Association. Next to their enthusiasm and energy, the most extraordinary thing about this group was their youth. The average age of the <br /><br />Page 8<br /><br />ten, whose age is given, was 33.1 years. Galt was twenty-two when made a Superintendent, and only three were over forty-five. <br /><br />Dr. Galt had the most youthful expression of any of the members, with a very full face, medium forehead, large head, and pleasant countenance. He was of medium height, rather stoutly built, with a pleasant manner, easy expression and full flow of words.<br /><br />He moved easily and agreeably among his colleagues at this meeting in Philadelphia, meeting them as intellectual and professional equals on the common ground of their humanitarian labors. He won them all by the sincerity of his nature, the gracious charm of his manner, the brilliance of his mind, the depth of his learning, and the cordiality of his greeting. Openminded, scholarly, alert, he found a welcome place at the council table. He was made a member of the following committees: On the Council of Hospitals for the Insane and a Manual for Attendants; On Post Mortem Examinations. The ties formed in the Association were drawn closer still in the committee room. His writings teem with cordial and affectionate terms for his colleagues. His youth and scholarship saved him from the bizarre manifestations of the Jehovah complex. In his official reports published separately and as a part of the Virginia documents, we read time and time again such phrases as "My excellent friend, Dr. Kirkbride". The "distinguished and able writer, Dr. Ray". "The able and accomplished Dr. Bell of McLean Asylum"; "Dr. Awl, the able physician of the Ohio State Asylum". There were these and many others. Obvi-<br /><br />Page 9<br /><br />ously, there was no attempt on his part to pose locally as the source and fountainhead of all psychiatric knowledge. He was much too great a scholar for anything of that sort. He knew that intellect has no geographical limitations and that culture is not a matter of climate. <br /><br />His literary output began in earnest in 1843 and was continuous afterwards. In that year he brought out a book: "Practical Medicine, Illustrated by Cases of the Most Important Diseases". This is in reality a publication of selected case notes of his father's very extensive practice. One is amazed at the energy and interest of this busy doctor, his father, who took the time to note the symptoms and progress of his cases. One might almost be tempted to observe that it is instinctive with a good doctor to keep notes. <br /><br />The very year of its founding, 1844, by his friend, Dr. Amariah Brigham, he began to contribute to the <em>American Journal of Insanity</em>. In the October number he had an article "Fragments on Insanity". Here he quotes Shelley's poem on the effect of music in the Venetian Madhouse, and gives the reports of thirty cases from the asylum at Williamsburg, with treatment at length. <br /><br />In 1846 his book on the "Treatment of Insanity" appeared and at the time was the acknowledged authority on treatment in this country and Europe. He makes no claim to originality in this work, but freely admits it was compiled from notes made when reading for his own benefit. His work in translating the French authors quoted in the book, making their views which were the <em>fons et origo</em> of this sub-<br /><br />Page 10<br /><br />ject in Europe available to English and American students, was of utmost value. The book was most highly valuable in its time and is still full of interest to the student of psychiatric history. <br /><br />Most erudite indeed are the annual reports that issued from the Williamsburg institution during his incumbency. He envisioned the mental hospital as a place of research into the nature and causes of mental illness and conduct disturbance. Tables of anthropological and physiological data accumulated on the patients and on attendants as controls are included in these reports. Likewise, the various atmospheric deviations as recorded on the thermometer, barometer and other instruments were carefully recorded. He saw these things clearly in their proper relation, not as the latest, therefore the greatest discovery, but, in his own words "For here as elsewhere, the confirmation of an abstract truth often leads eventually to important practical deductions". <br /><br />On the keeping of recordsm he insisted, because "In the present age (1850), nothing is more strikingly characteristic than the progress which is made in every department of human effort by the influence of association and inter-communication of ideas. Whatsoever of the new is developed in art or science in any region of the earth, thus soon becomes common property in every civilized community. Hence, there is a general cooperation of an immense body of workers all looking to the same end of advancement. This is very auspicious with regard to the hospitals for the insane."<br /><br />A modern military writer in speaking of a successful general in the War between the States, said <br /><br />Page 11<br /><br />"He was a great general because he saw deeply into the heart of things." This can be paraphrased somewhat to apply most aptly to Dr. Galt. He was a great psychiatrist because he saw deeply into the heart of things. Much more deeply steeped in the lore of the past than the average man, he was as modern as the steam railway and the telegraph, both of which came into being in his lifetime. He recognized the inevitablity of change, the desirability of change. There is no indication that he was concerned with the preservation of the <em>status quo</em>, and he realized clearly that hostility to new ideas is a defense reaction. He was too close to the revolutionary theories and practice of Pinel, the Tukes, Connolly and others to be content to practice punishment and repression instead of recreation, occupation and other revulsives. He speaks of the conservative in medicine as "one who looks with suspicion or at once reject a new proposition as in his judgement untenable".<br /><br />There is little room for doubt as to his opinion of those who are mentally unable to adjust to the march of medical progress. He quotes with apparent approval the remark of the biographer of Descartes, "The last crime which is forgiven is the announcement of new truths."<br /><br />His own attitide toward these things is splendidly conceived and beautifully expressed: "The examination of all things by reason and experience and afar from the disturbing forces of prepossession". <br /><br />G. Alder Blumer, T. O. Powell, John Curwen, Robert J. Preston and otehr Presidents of this Association have paid merited tribute to his influence <br /><br />Page 12<br /><br />on American psychiatry in their presidential addresses and elsewhere. Dr. Blumer particularly calls attention to his insight as to the evils implicit in political control of State hospitals. <br /><br />Dr. Galt indeed was aware of the dangers of political appointees in public hospitals. He quotes the preamble and resolution of this Association adopted at its annual meeting in New York in 1848, foreshadowing such dangers. This read: "Resolved that any attempt in any part of the country to select such officers through political bias be deprecated by the Association as a dangerous departure from that sound rule. . . ."<br /><br />Again in a gem of delicate satire he lampoons the political gentry: "In the British parliament, I have seen it stated that when an old joke is frequently repeated, it is the custom to put down the nuisance by the cry of 'Joe Miller'. But in Virginia, there seems to be a want of knowledge on this point that wit loses its effect when the same old jest is repeated over and over again <em>ad nauseum</em>."<br /><br />And finally, one can almost see the kind mouth curling perhaps just a trifle contemptuously in this portrait of a Virginia politician. "I once heard a rabid politician from the city of Richmond say of an admirable production in relation to political economy written by a learned gentleman in this section of the country 'It should be torn up and its leaves pasted on the walls of your bedlam'". <br /><br />The frenzied breast-beating of the political spell-binder and the stale jokes of the ward heeler disturbed him but little. He was too busy about his service to the mentally ill. Many times he refused <br /><br />Page 13<br /><br />to have his salary raised and often fed the patients from his own table. His wants were few and simple, books his chief, perhaps his only, extravagence. These he had in abundance: Voltaire, Bacon, Shelley, Byron, Dr. Samuel Johnson, Boswell and others in many languages. Among the psychiatrists there were Pinel, Esquirol, Prichard, Connolly, Haslam, Sir William Ellis, Ray, Rush, Cullen, Calmeil. Dunglison's Practice of Medicine was there, and Forbes Winslow's "The Anatomy of Suicide", and countless other volumes. <br /><br />He never married but was quite content in his work, his books, his friends, and in the brotherly companionship of his cousin and assistant at the Asylum, Dr. John Galt Williamson. <br /><br />The inquisitive student will find that his "Lecture on Idiocy" well repays the reading. It has symetry of form and wealth of content. He recalls that an Ecclesiastical Council held in Paris in 1212 defended the bishops for having about their persons "fools to make them laugh". It is not difficult to sense his outraged feelings in his description of the French soldiers and the cretins. "It is said indeed that when the French soldiers first met with these wretched objects, they were so cruel that in their horror or disgust, they actually had the brutality to attack the poor creatures with their bayonets." <br /><br />The question of restraint or non-restraint he discusses at considerable length, particularly with reference to the splendid institution at Lincoln, England. "We cannot conclude this sketch without expressing our admiration, not for the system generally (abolition of restraint) to which we have given due <br /><br />Page 14<br /><br />credit, not for particular measures adopted at Lincoln, many of which are of great practical importance; not so much for these as for a spirit of progress which lies as it were beyond them at their basis . . . We should not consider a single iota in this respect (the care and management of mental hospitals) a settled manner, but should always be ready to scrutinize every particular with minute attention and should deem all measures, views and arrangements as constantly open to discussion and improvement." <br /><br />What could be more intelligent, more sane, more reasonable than these words written in 1853. They are not the utterance of an enthusiast fresh from the medical school and hospital; they are the pronouncement of an earnest scholar and careful observer, whose theoretical concepts had even then been distilled through the experience of twelve years as the responsible head of a well-known hospital. <br /><br />More and more his writings showed the increasing maturity of his concepts in the light of increasing experience and ever wider reading. It is not to be supposed, either, that he neglected the physical side of his craft. He investigated the current chemical therapies. Chloroform and ether inhalations were tried in mania, with no particularly good results. He essayed two drugs newly recommended for epileptic insanity, one cotyledon umbilicus from England, the other musk root or sumbul from Asia. His conclusions are summed up thus: "Considerable trial was made with these medicines in several cases, but no apparent benefit ensued."<br /><br />His writings manifest clear insight into the epileptic character. "The paroxysms are usually vio-<br /><br />Page 15<br /><br />lent beyond those of any other mental affliction and some of the most dreadful deeds have been committed by persons laboring under this form of cerebral derangement. A patient in this asylum prior to his admission, besides attempting to destroy himself, decapitated an individual with an axe. In two instances of those who have been inmates in this asylum during the last few years and whose violence has been extreme in conjunction with the very peculiar excitement appertaining to this disease, there were evinced generally a very striking display of actions and words referable to religious ideas."<br /><br />The importance of pathological examinations in mental hospitals he fully appreciated. He describes in detail an autopsy which he performed on an epileptic boy at the request of his family. The whole subject of obtaining permission for autopsies he discusses in his 1850 report and makes a recommendation which the passage of ninety years has not been enough to see adopted, at any rate in his own State. "With regard to pathological investigations as pursued in asylums for the insane, there are several points deserving particular notice. In the first place it is manifest that the interest of science demands such investigations. But the great obstacle on the other hand is that the friends of the patient might object to this course. However, if any such obstacle exists, we think it ought not to be disregarded; on the contrary we are clearly of the opinion that no examination should be made unless the friends give their full consent." <br /><br />He then analyzes the points of divergence between the process of getting permission in metropolitan <br /><br />Page 16<br /><br />hospitals and those serving large and scattered rural communities. The difficulty of communication with the friends or families of patients in the latter category he points out clearly and suggests the solution as follows: "The only mode perhaps in which the difficulties of this subject could be overcome would consist inmaking it a matter of legal inquiry, the answer being sent to the asylum along with the other papers accompanying the patient." <br /><br />To the age-old question of the effect of the moon upon mental aberration, he has an answer: "We find", he says, "the word lunatic to have synonyms in various languages, both ancient and modern, derived from the same idea." <br /><br />He points out that mental patients are light sleepers, and the rest of us sleep more lightly in bright light than in darkness. The bright light of the moon tends, therefore, to lessen sleep and rest. Then he quotes Burrows to support his theory of the effect of the moon: "Undoubtedly", observes Burrows, "many diseases observe a certain periodicity, and it is not improbable that the paroxysms of violence among lunatics confined in large asylums are actually increased at the period of the full moon; but even if so, this is susceptible to a natural explanation. Maniacs are light sleepers, therefore, like the dog which 'bays the moon' and many other animals, when it is at the full, are distracted by the flitting shadows of clouds which are reflected on the earth and the surrounding objects. Thus the lunatic converts shadows into images of terror and equally with all 'whom reason lights not' is filled with alarm and becomes distressed and noisy. I believe that the moon in no other way affects the insane." <br /><br />Page 17<br /><br />In his annual report of 1853, Dr. Galt advocated making it a provision of the Virginia law - which so far as I can learn has not yet been done - that "whenever a female patient is conducted to the hospital under the mittimus of three magistrates, in all such cases a female guard should be made one of the stipulations of the saw. The propriety of this suggestion is sufficiently obvious . . ."<br /><br />Careful classification he recognized as the basis to proper grouping in hospital, separation of acute from chronic, noisy from disturbed, vicious from amiable. A keen appreciation of the values implicit in proper classification and grouping he has shown in his comments on the community of Gheel, and in his beautiful little essay on the Farm of St. Anne. He speaks with pleasure of the freedom allowed the patients at Gheel and contrasts this with the turmoil of large hospital wards. In the Farm of St. Anne, he foreshadowed, as Blumer points out, the cottage plan type of care. <br /><br />One cannot read his various contributions to psychiatric literature, particularly his annual reports, without being impressed by his scientific approach to psychiatric problems. Nowhere is this more evident than in his excellent discussion of the medico-legal aspects of mental illness. He was not content to babble obscure legal phraseology or to permit a legal or judicial point of view to muddle his knowledge of human behavior and some of its causes. He knew the absurdity of the legal attempts to apply some right or wrong test or other legal measuring rod to the question of responsibility. The answers of the judges to the questions propounded by the House of<br /><br />Page 18<br /><br />Lords in the McNaughten case he had studied, and saw their obvious defects from the standpoint of determining responsibility in crime. This, he discusses, as follows: "The result of these legal hypotheses in the vain search after an imaginary standard has been in the first place executions in which the criminals were insane persons where the decisions were in direct opposition to the interpretation given the law. Thus it was in the very case of McNaughten. The prisoner was acquitted, though it was an incontrovertible fact that he understood the nature of right and wrong as to the act for which he was tried. In nature, in reality, there is no test that will establish how far an insane individual is responsible for his acts . . . an end be put to the floundering of our courts and their functionaries after the test or standard or criterion which would at once decide the degree of insanity which would preclude responsibility. The standard does not exist in nature." <br /><br />Examination and repeated observation, preferably in a mental hospital, he feels, is the only rational way to determine the degree of responsibility. "Even then it is admittedly difficult to be certain . . . But even allowing it to be so, how different is such a process from that of legal investigation in the courts of law and how easily might the slight tinge of delusion be overlooked when the general rationality of the individual was so apparent." <br /><br />The Briggs Act of Massachusetts passed by the legislature in 1844 at the insistance of Governor Briggs seemed to attract his approval. This Act provided for the examination of criminals believed to be insane by the prison doctor, the Superintendent <br /><br />Page 19<br /><br />of the Massachusetts Lunatic Asylum (Worcester) and the Superintendent of McLean Asylum.<br /><br />The case of Bellingham in England aroused his horror. "Hadfield, who fired at the King of England in the year 1800, and the Earl of Oxrford also, was blaced in Bethlehem Hospital for life. A similar destination in this country was determined for the individual who fired at President Jackson. Of Bellingham who killed Mr. Percival, a former Prime Minister, Lord Brougham remarks: 'He never attempted to escape, but was taken, committed, tried, condemned, executed, and dissected, all within one week from the time he fired the shot.' So great an outrage in justice was never witnessed in modern times; for the application to delay the trial until evidence of insanity could be brought from Liverpool was refused."<br /><br />The situation as regards the Virginia courts, of course, concerned him more directly. He discussed the difficulty of obtaining an acquittal on the grounds of "moral insanity" although all medical men of mental hospital experience readily recognize its occurrence. "It appears that one reason for such opposition and denial is that it is feared that the admission of its being a true form of disease would lead to the plea of insanity more frequently than now occurs. According to our experience, however, with respect to the State of Virginia, the danger of imposition as to this subject is not the probability of the individual being acquitted on the grounds of moral insanity, but the danger of his feigning mania or general insanity. If a criminal attempts to escape punishment by assuming the appearance of insanity, he would be but little likely to adopt the quiet demeanor which <br /><br />Page 20<br /><br />is attendant on moral insanity as compared with the violence of one laboring under mania. We have no hesitation in asserting our belief that the number of individuals condemned yearly for crimes, who are really insane, is doubled or treble that of those who are acquitted on the grounds of insanity, particularly 'moral insanity' . . . Moreover, we believe that for an individual to feign moral insanity is a rare circumstance and that in most instances of feigned insanity, it is the appearance of mania or downright madness that is assumed. The reason is evident; if the jury perceived but little or no evidence of mental alienation in the conversation of a person under trial, they are not apt to believe him insane; from their preconceived notions from those commonly in vogue. They expect to see a person laboring under this species of disease wild and incoherent talking, violent gesticulation and perhaps a variety of antics. Criminals know this very well and if insanity is feigned, it is almost sure to be this sort. In relation to this subject, therefore, that which juries and examining courts have to apprehend in criminal cases is not the plea of moral insanity, but the danger of individuals feigning mania. As things are at present, it is somewhat difficult to acquit persons laboring under moral insanity on this plea for deeds which they have committed through the influence of mental disease, while at the same time persons who would otherwise be condemned for their commission of crimes sometimes escape by feigning general insanity." <br /><br />The wisdom and penetration in these words is obvious, but in 1853 he writes somewht dejectedly: " . . . We have no room to pursue this topic further, <br /><br />Page 21<br /><br />but we would remark in addition that the whole question of criminal insanity appears in Virginia to be hedged with doubt and difficulty."<br /><br />This portrait of Dr. Galt as a psychiatrist I have drawn for you largely from his own writings. He was the product of the golden age of American psychiatry, the friend and colleague of Pliny Earle and Kirkbride, both schooled at the Friends Asylum, Frankford, where they learned the gentle Quaker attitude to the insane; others of that group were scholarly Ray, dynamic Bell, energetic Awl, capable Stribling, literary Brigham, active Butler and others. He was the friend of Dorothea Lyne Dix. These are names to conjure with, psychiatrically, and Galt takes his place freely and easily among them. In close association with them, he wrought not only for his patients at Williamsburg, but with his prolific and facile pen, he labored for the mentally ill everywhere.<br /><br />On May 6, 1862, Federal troops occupied the ancient city of Williamsburg. They put an Army doctor in his place, and a soldier with a fixed bayonet denied him entrance to his own hospital grounds. His anxiety for his patients knew no bounds, and he died on May 18, 1862, possibly of angina. <br /><br />You are planning to visit the scene of his labors. In the twentieth century tempo you will view the somewhat synthetic glories of the eighteenth. Amid the gradeur of the Restoration, pause for a moment in the original churchyard of Bruton Parish. There, close to the door entering the main aisle of the little church, under the shade of a small magnolia, is a burial plot. In it rest three doctors, father, son and <br /><br />Page 22<br /><br />grandson. Pause a brief moment in tribute to teh grandson; he was a great scholar, a kind and generous man, a distinguished psychiatrist, the peer of you all.<br /><br />References<br />1. <em>American Journal of Insanity</em>, January, 1845. <br />2. American Medical Biographies, Kelly and Burbage. <br />3. Annual Report, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, 1842. <br />4. Annual Report, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, 1843-44. <br />5. Annual Report, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, 1845-46. <br />6. Annual Report, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, 1849. <br />7. Annual Report, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, 1850. <br />8. Annual Report, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, 1851. <br />9. Annual Report, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, 1853. <br />10. Annual Report, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, 1859. <br />12. Galt, John M., II: Essays on Asylum Persons of Unsound Mind, Series I. <br />13. Galt, John M., II: Essays on Asylum Persons of Unsound Mind, Series II. <br />14. Galt, John M., II: Lectures on Idiocy. <br />15. Galt, John M., II: The Farm of St. Anne; <em>American Journal of Insanity</em>, Vol. XI, pages 352-57. <br />16. Galt, Samuel: Descendants of: Chart by Rogers Harrison Galt and Mary Meares Galt, Virginia State Library. <br />17. Hennings Statutes at Large, Vol. 8, page 378. <br />18. Official Records, Union and Confederate, Armie Series II, Vol. I. <br />19. Powell, T. O., M. D.: Presidential Address, Proc. American Medico-Psych. Association, 1897. <br />20. Proc. American Medico-Psychological Association, 1894. <br />21. Proc. American Medico-Psychological Association, 1897, p. 82. <br />22. <em>The Mentally Ill in America</em>, Albert Deutsch, Double-day, Doran & Company, New York.<br /><br />Page 23<br /><br />23. William and Mary Quarterly, Series I, Vol. 8, p. 259. <br />24. Overholser, Dr. Winfred: Personal Communication. <br /><br />BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF DR. JOHN GALT, II. <br />(Galt) Practical Medicine; illustrated by cases of the most important diseases, 328 pp. Roy 80. Philadelphia, Barrington & Haswell, 1843. <br />Essay on asylums for persons of unsound mind; 22 pp. 80. Richmond, H. K. Ellyson, 1850. <br />The same: 2. s. 44 pp. 80. Richmond, Virginia, 1859. <br />Report on the organization of asylums for the insane. <em>A</em><em>m. J. Insan.,</em> Utica, N. Y. 1854-55 xi, 356-357. <br />The treatment of insanity, viii, 579 pp. 80. New York, Harper & Bro. 1846. <br />Insanity in Italy, 19 pp. 80. Utica, 1854. Repr. from <em>Am. J. Insan.,</em> October, 1844. pp. 122-133. <br />Annual Reports of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum for the years 1843-1861. <br />J. M. Galt, <em>Stethoscope and Virginia Medical Gazette</em>, 1851. <br />J. M. Galt, <em>Stethoscope and Virginia Medical Gazette</em>, 1852. <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hamlin, Percy Gatling, 1894-1976
Title
A name given to the resource
Dr. John Minson Galt and the Williamsburg Asylum
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1941-09
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MS1978.12
Folder 2
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
1 item (24 pages)
Language
A language of the resource
English
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Virginia Medical Monthly, Vol. 68, Pages 502-506, September, 1941.
Description
An account of the resource
P. G. Hamlin's description of the life and character of Dr. John M. Galt II, as written in the Virginia Medical Monthly in 1941 and based on Galt's own writings. Hamlin describes the Galt family's connection to Williamsburg and the Eastern State Asylum, lists important medical figures in the Galt family and their education and achievements. Hamlin outlines the values and theories that underlay Galt's psychiatric practice and notes Galt's occupational achievements and contribution, as well has his good character and scientific approach. The piece ends with Galt's death in 1862 and mention of his burial site.