Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation

The Virginia Gazette. Number 445, Thursday November 17, 1774

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The Virginia Gazette. Number 445, Thursday November 17, 1774

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THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1774. THE NUMBER 445.
VIRGINIA GAZETTE.
OPEN TO ALL PARTIES, BUT INFLUENCED BY NONE.
WILLIAMSBURG: PRINTED BY JOHN PINKNEY,
FOR THE BENEFIT OF CLEMENTINA RIND'S CHILDREN.

All Persons may be supplied with this GAZETTE at 12s. 6d. a Year. ADVERTISEMENTS, of a moderate Length, are inserted for 3s. the first week,
and 2s. each Time after; long ones in Proportion.----PRINTING WORK, of every Kind, executed with Care and Dispatch.

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MR. PINKNEY,
PERMIT the following piece to appear in your paper as early as
suits your conveniency.

To the AUTHOR who stiles himself an ENGLISHMAN.
SIR,
I AM honoured with your performance in the Norfolk Intelligencer,
and will not offend you by neglect; an earlier attention would
have been paid to you had the piece been sooner discovered. It is
matter of some surprize that you should recommend a mode of
writing to me you have not pursued yourself, or complain of a
practice you have at the very moment adopted. This, perhaps,
you may account for at some subsequent period; at present it cannot but
appear inconsistent that your precepts and example should be so strangely
at variance. Brutes, Brebons, assassins, and Devils, are introduced into
public with as much familiarity as if you had been intimately connected
from your infancy; yet still you are an advocate for decency, recommend
the stile of a gentleman, and, if we credit your information, are always
to be found in respectable company.

The genteel charge of countenancing assassination I utterly deny; the
idea is replete with horror. Neither could such a construction be drawn
from the words by any person who had not a PENCHANT for that kind
of business himself. It is by no means extraordinary for those who are
most conscious of guilt to begin the accusation, and extenuate their own
faults by inveighing against the commission of them in others. You have
certainly forgot the strong remedies you were disposed to fetter the Virginia
assembly with, for the enormous crime of having broached new and dan-
gerous doctrines
, subversive of the supreme power of Britain. It cannot
have escaped you, or your memory must be treacherous indeed, that you
hung out the terrors of government to prevent a meeting of the delegates
in August. But to leave your former offences to former punishments,
will you now stand forth and account for the motives of your present in-
vectives. To what new system of politeness can you reconcile your
insinuation, that a set of gentlemen, honourably distinguished by the
unbought suffrage of their country, and gloriously struggling for the li-
berties of the people, were possessed of the enmity of the Devil, and that
the respectable inhabitants of the town of Boston were guilty of robbery?
Is this, sir, the stile of a gentleman, the language of decency, or the
polished diction of a fine writer? Had you had the benefit of the smallest
interval of reason, you would have discovered that such disgraceful ex-
pressions, when neither protected by proof, or supported by argument,
could reflect only on the person from whom they proceeded. The tea
robbery, as you are pleased to define it (though the least attention to law
would have evinced, that a trespass, or riot, on a supposition of guilt, is
not a robbery) was produced by the iniquitous tax which preceded. The
one was a consequence of the other; the effect necessarily flowed from
the cause. If the right of taxation is utterly repugnant to the first prin-
ciples of the constitution, every opposition it receives is unquestionably
just; and wherever the attempt is made, all the colonies are equally in-
terested in the decision. The affirmative of this grand question you have
endeavoured to maintain; but with how much reputation to yourself, or
satisfaction to the public, I will not pretend to determine. Your argu-
ments speak for themselves; and though I doubt of their success, in
proving the position, yet they furnish indisputable evidence of the good
intentions with which they were wrote. I will not deny, that in every
state it is necessary those transcendent and absolute powers you speak of
should be lodged in some of its departments; their own particular regu-
lations demand it. In Britain they are vested in the high court of par-
liament; they can therefore resolve themselves into what principles they
please; but it cannot from thence be inferred, that countries, equally
provided, should be affected by their decrees. In justice they ought not;
for, from the nature of the *institution, they have only in contemplation
their own peculiar interests. The noble author, whose opinion you rely
on, does not, in the instance you allude to, extend their jurisdiction
without the realm; he never meant any thing so replete with absurdity.
It would have contradicted that particular passage where he inform's us
the reason why any person is bound by acts of parliament (certain especial
cases excepted) is, because he is a party to the election. But, sir, your
quotations will not apply to one person or another, if you insist the ju-
risdiction of parliament has no bounds whatever, and that therefore, by
inevitable consequence, the colonies are included as legal objects of tax-
ation; it proves more than you intended : It will comprehend, with
equal propriety, any independent state in Europe ; for neither are menti-
oned by his lordship. Nay, under a prevalence of this idea, I cannot
conceive why it should not extend throughout the world. If you meant,
though without any foundation for such a distinction, to confine it to
those countries whereof the king of England is supreme, then I answer
that custom, usage, and the principles of the constitution, are against
your construction. The marches of Wales, and several counties palatine,
continued to tax themselves until they were moulded into the system of
parliamentary representation. Ireland taxes itself at the present instant,
and the colonies have been in the actual exercise of this invaluable privi-
lege ever since their settlement. It would be ridiculous to suppose the
existence of such a right without an effort to carry it into execution, or
that the ministers of England had been in a lethargy ever since the grant-
ing the several charges. The energy of doctor Blackstone I shall leave
to the public inspection, neither will I descend into his private motives
for writing with so much energy on every ministerial question; they will
determine whether the doctrine you have cited can have the least influ-
ence on the subject in dispute. At present I shall only mention one of
his references, which, as it was wrote long before the controversy sub-
sisted, will, I presume, be entitled to some kind of weight; the princi-
ple will apply to the question in the most forcible manner. The year
book of the 20th of H. VI. says, that a tax granted by the parliament
shall not bind those of Ireland, because they are not summoned to our parlia-
ment.
This, as well as numberless other authorities which might be
adduced, clearly evince that taxation and representation are inseparable.
It is proved, indeed, by the plain dictates of common sense, property is
taxed because the proprietor consents it shall be taxed. If it can be taxed,
or taken against his will, it ceases to retain the appellation. I own I do
not think we need appeal to positive laws, or municipal charters, for
the proof of this self-evident truth. It is secured to us by the charter of
human nature. This is one of those sacred privileges which no man is
supposed to have parted with on entering into civil society; one grand
design of which was to secure the property of the subject, not to wrest it
from him against his consent.

Suppose, for a moment, the British legislature, invested with those
unnatural powers you contend for, where is the barrier to check their
excesses? What counteracting security have the unrepresented Americans
that they would not be abused? If they are in that deplorable state of
corruption, which you seem to acknowledge, are there not forcible rea-
sons for the conjecture? If the line of justice and moderation is pervaded,
to whom are we to make our application for redress? Is it to the ductile
integrity of a pampered minister, or to the fluctuating virtue of an apostate
patriot
, or to that respectable set which you admit to be fascinated by the
graceful charms of an opulent treasury? I fear our supplications would have
little effect; for as our misfortunes increased the charms of the treasury

* 4th inst.

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would still become brighter, and their attraction the stronger. If we ap
pealed to the supreme executive power a more successful issue could not
be expected; we should only discover every avenue to the royal ear occu-
pied by men interested in our destruction: On whatever side the ill fated
American turns he discovers nothing but misery and ruin! But it seems,
at all other events, we ought to be enslaved, because the blood and treasure of
Britain have been expended in our defence: Honour and gratitude dictate
a submission. If this observation was just, it would have an extensive
operation. There are few countries in the known world which have not
been witnesses to the bravery of Englishmen, and very few of the nations
of Europe to whom they have not at different periods furnished their
assistance; yet I never heard this alledged as a reason to circumscribe them
within the vortex of British taxation. It is well known that states do
not protect or defend one another from motives of honour, gratitude, or
affection; these are feelings unknown to the refinements of modern po-
licy. The Prussian monarch, at the close of the last war, was forced to
understand this melancholy truth. Their friendship is cemented by in-
terest. The one is of equal duration with the other; and whenever the
benefit of an exclusive trade is not an adequate *compensation for the
protection afforded, they will unquestionably withdraw it as an impolitic
pursuit, from which national advantage cannot be expected. These, sir,
are my sentiments, in which we have the misfortune so widely to differ.
Indeed, when I reflect on the unpolluted sources from which you have
drawn your political knowledge, my wonder at your principles ceases.
When your maxims of government are derived from poets of the Augustan
age, and your notions of the constitution from the commentaries of an
English Courtier, I am only surprized at your moderation. The Roman
bard is perhaps as striking an instance as you could have exhibited of the
dreadful effects of despotism. The independent patriot, who fought at
Philippi for the liberties of Rome, sunk down to a whining sycophant at
the court of Augustus; and, either impelled by force, or corrupted by
example, meanly flattered the tyrant, in all the obsequious terms of servile
adulation. A state of slavery cannot be sufficiently detested; it blots out
the noblest powers of the soul, and debases human nature to a level with
the meanest being of creation. With respect to the bill of rights men,
we perfectly agree. Your comparison is just, though in your subsequent
observation not quite so confident. After representing them as Gods, you
declare them unworthy the notice of government. For this piece of satire
you ought to apologize. A stranger might conceive, that things here-
tofore held sacred were in their fight utterly contemptible. I do not
know what was the pretended object of the institution; I know what was
the avowed one: It was to weed out corruption, and to restore the con-
stitution to its antient vigour. They wisely foresaw this well constructed
fabric, like that much talked of republic of old, could only be destroyed
by evils generated within its own vitals. To guard against the impending
danger, to exterminate the seeds of the disorder, or correct its advances
by vigorous applications, were worthy the attention of British patriots.
If the success did not answer the struggle, it serves only to discover the
height of the malady, the dangerous situation of the patient, and the ab-
solute necessity for more desperate remedies. I could safely trust the great
commoner to the protection of a well deserved popularity. The trophies
of his administration are placed far above the reach of vulgar detraction;
but left I should be thought to have given up the point, I will set you
right in a fact you have strangely misrepresented. It was not, sir, the
enormous height of the national debt, as you have unjustly alleged, which
forced him from the ministry : At the moment of his retreat he wanted
to encrease it, by instantly engaging in the Spanish war. That consum-
mate politician instantly discovered that national honour could not be ex-
pected from the counsels of such a discordant mixture, which, like the
image of Daniel's vision, would never cleave together. He would not
be responsible for measures he was not allowed to direct. He therefore
withdrew. The resentment of the nation must be appeased. A pension
and a title immediately followed. The motives of his acceptance are
fully explained in a letter to alderman Beckford, wherein he declares
those unexpected emoluments proceeded from the spontaneous dictates of
his majesty's favour, unasked for and unsolicited by him. If the fact had
been otherwise, would not his mortal enemy have seized the golden, glo-
rious opportunity
, of ruining his credit forever? The magical jogs you
speak of I cannot reconcile to that integrity in office, which is admitted,
any more than I can the enormous height of the national debt to its op-
posite extreme, an opulent treasury; in truth, you ought to blush for
having represented, in so ungracious a point of view, the man to whose
amazing abilities you perhaps at this moment owe your existence as an
Englishman. I shall not interrupt the state juggler in the quiet enjoy-
ment of the honourable office you have assigned him. Why you screwed
him into public with a person who does honour to humanity I cannot
conceive, unless it was, by so striking a contrast, to render his deformities
more ignominiously conspicuous.

The injustice of shutting up the courts I would candidly acknowledge,
if it proceeded from the principle which you have insinuated. A measure
of this sort should only be adopted when the ports are placed in the same
predicament. The one should be a concomitant of the other. But, sir,
you cannot be at a loss to know the true reason; if you are, the laws of
our country will fully inform you. From the same fountain you may
collect, that his lordship (whom you have so unnecessarily pushed into the
dispute) was vested with sufficient powers to repel those assassins, at
whose incursions you seem so much alarmed. If I conceived you had
mistaken the subject from inattention, or from an unfortunate confusion
of ideas, or from any other as guiltless a cause, you would be entitled
not to contempt, but compassion; but when you so oddly misrepresent
notorious facts, and boldly pronounce that government has yet committed
no errors, I cannot be at a loss to determine the motives of your labours.
If you would lay open the secret recesses of your heart, I think we should
discover your warmest wishes tending to that delicious repose you have so
feelingly described. In this happy alysium you might balk without con-
troul, and leave to other votaries the painful operation of spilling their
blood to enslave the Americans. The warmth of your temper seems to
have hurried you far beyond the general limits of ministerial advocates :
They have always made a decent allowance for the lee-way of human
imperfections, but you, sir, at one high bound, have over leaped all
bounds
, and, quite undismayed, have undauntedly asserted the spotless
innocence of all who are concerned in moving the wheels of government.
Certainly, sir, your notions of the errors of government must be very ex-
traordinary; I wish you would define them. You have admitted the in-
fluence of the treasury on the members of an august house, yet deny the
guilt of those who corrupt them. They who have been in the service may
have their reasons for differing in sentiment, but to me it appears not
only an error, but a crime of the blackest complexion. How can you
extricate yourself from such inconsistencies? I think it will greatly per-
plex you, and may perhaps dictate a greater degree of reflection in your
future compositions.

* Mr. Pitt asserts, in his speech concerning the stamp act, that the
profits to Great Britain, from the trade of the colonies, through all its
branches, is two millions a year.

§ The bead of which was of fine gold, the belly and thighs of brass, the
legs of iron, and the feet part iron, and part clay.

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The accusation you have exhibited, of countenancing civil discord and
anarchy, hath not either fact or probability to support it; it does not
appear from any thing I have wrote: I do not with a dissolution of the
bonds of civil society, or aspire at an independence of the crown. My
most ardent hope is for a continuance of the connection between the
mother country and the colonies, on the true principles of the constitu-
tion; and though I scorn to acknowledge allegiance to a British house of
commons, or crouch to an East India director, I glory in being the sub-
ject of a British king. Whether the present is the best of princes or not is
a question improper for you or me to determine; that will be the office
of the historian's page to record after those who have had the honour to
serve him
have crumbled into dust. Truth and condour may then have
some chance of making their appearance, and justice no doubt will be done
to his memory.

The trifling charge of pillaging from eminent writers is scarce worthy
of notice; I am by no means sensible of it in any other manner than
in making use of those impressions which generally remain from reading
and observation. If I have involuntarily come so near the diction of the
elegant Mr. Hume, it is a circumstance which greatly delights me; I shall,
however, be glad of an acquaintance with those whole passages which so
exactly correspond. This is a favour you have promised to the public.
The interrogatories you allude to were intended for italics, but, I pre-
sume, from inattention omitted, as they are not in that manner inserted.
It is not my custom particularly to distinguish the authorities which I
cite; this you might have observed by the quotation from Sallust. Your
inuendo, that you are not to be terrified, I am not certain I comprehend;
I scarcely believe you intended an invitation to the field; deeds of chivalry
found better in romance than in politics. When I engaged in the con-
troversy it was as an advocate for the liberties of my country; but if you
are disposed to convert it from a public into a private dispute, I will not
disoblige you; it is a matter of infinite indifference to me on what ground
we meet. Whenever the Englishman comes forward, the real name of
Americanus shall not remain one moment concealed. The discovery will
come with greater propriety from the person who supposes himself to be
offended. I have now paid a pointed attention to every thing material
in your performance; and whatever merit may be due to the language,
I submit to the impartial public, whether it doth not altogether consist
of positive assertions, without proof, and pompous expressions, without
argument? I shall say no more to you at present, but consign you to the
consolation of a wounded conscience, and the comfortable reflection of
having done wrong by design. AMERICANUS.

P. S. The author acknowledges he has not answered the various
statutes
and immemorial customs mentioned by the Englishman. The reason
was, that he did not chuse to tire the patience of the public with vague
conjectures; but whenever the Englishman will be pleased to distinguish
them particularly, and in the stile of a gentleman, he shall, to use his own
words, have a cool and fair reply.

By his excellency JOHN earl of DUNMORE, lieutenant
and governor general in and over his majesty's colony and
dominion of Virginia, and vice admiral of the same:

A PROCLAMATION.

WHEREAS the rapid settlement made on the west side of the
Alleghany mountains by his majesty's subjects, within the course
of these few years, has become an object of real concern to his majesty's
interest in this quarter; and whereas the province of Pennsylvania have
unduly laid claim to a very valuable and extensive quantity of his majesty's
territory, and the executive part of that government, in consequence
thereof, has most arbitrarily and unwarrantably proceeded to abuse the
laudable advancements in this part of his majesty's dominions, by many
oppressive and illegal methods in the discharge of this imaginary autho-
rity; and whereas the antient claim laid to this country by the colony of
Virginia, founded in reason, upon pre-occupancy, and the general ac-
quiescence of all persons, together with the instructions I have lately re-
ceived from his majesty's servants, ordering me to take this country un-
der my administration; and as the evident injustice manifestly offered to
his majesty, by the immediate strides taken by the proprietors of Penn-
sylvania, in prosecution of their wild claim to this country, demands an
immediate remedy, I do hereby, in his majesty's name, require and com-
mand all his majesty's subjects, west of the Laurel Hill, to pay a due res-
pect to this my proclamation, strictly prohibiting the execution of any act
of authority on behalf of the province of Pennsylvania at their peril in
this country; but, on the contrary, that a due regard and entire obedi-
ence to the laws of his majesty's colony of Virginia, under my administra-
tion, be observed, to the end that regularity may ensue, and a just regard
to the interest of his majesty in this quarter, as well as to the subject in
general, may be the consequence.

Given under my hand and seal, at Fort Dunmore, September 17,
1774. Signed DUNMORE.
By his excellency's command.
GOD SAVE THE KING.

By the honourable JOHN PENN, esquire, governor and
commander in chief of the province of Pennsylvania, and

counties of Newcastle, Kent, and Sussex, on Delaware :
Α Ρ R 0 C L Α Μ Α Τ Ι Ο Ν.

WHEREAS I have received information that his excellency the
earl of Dunmore, governor general in and over his majesty's
colony of Virginia, hath lately issued a very extraordinary proclamation,
setting forth, “that the rapid settlement made on the west of the Al-
leghany mountains by his majesty's subjects, within the course of these
few years, had become an object of real concern to his majesty's interest
in that quarter; that the province of Pennsylvania had unduly laid claim
to a very valuable and extensive quantity of his majesty's territory, and
the executive part of that government, in consequence thereof, had most
arbitrarily and unwarrantably proceeded to abuse the laudable adventurers
in that part of his majesty's dominions, by many oppressive and illegal
measures in discharge of their imaginary authority, and that the antient
claim laid to that country by the colony of Virginia, founded in reason,
upon pre-occupancy, and the general acquiescence of all persons, together
with the instruction he had lately received from his majesty's servants,
ordering him to take that country under his administration; and as the
evident injustice manifestly offered to his majesty, by the immoderate
strides taken by the proprietors of Pennsylvania, in prosecution of their
wild claim to that country, demanded an immediate remedy, he did
thereby, in his majesty's name, require and command all his majesty's
subjects, west of the Laurel Hill, to pay a due respect to his said procla-
mation, thereby strictly prohibiting the execution of any act of authority
on behalf of the province of Pennsylvania, at their peril, in that country:
but, on the contrary, that a due regard and entire obedience to the laws
of his majesty's colony of Virginia, under his administration, should be
observed, to the end that regularity might ensue, and a just regard to the
interest of his majesty in that quarter, as well as to his majesty's subjects,
might be the consequence." And whereas, although the western limits
of the province of Pennsylvania have not been settled by any authority
from the crown, yet it has been sufficiently demonstrated, by lines accu-
rately run by the most skillful artists, that not only a great tract of coun-

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try, west of the Laurel Hill, but Fort Pitt also, are comprehended within
the charter bounds of this province, a great part of which country has
been actually settled, and is now held, under grants from the proprie-
tors of Pennsylvania, and the jurisdiction of this government has been
peaceably exercised in that quarter of the country, till the late strange
claim set up by the earl of Dunmore, in behalf of his majesty's colony of
Virginia, founded, as his lordship is above pleased to say, “in reason,
pre-occupancy, and the general acquiescence of all persons;" which claim
to lands within the said charter limits must appear still the more extra-
ordinary, as his most gracious majesty, in an act passed the very last session
of parliament, “for making more effectual provision for the government
of the province of Quebec," has been pleased, in the fullest manner, to
recognize the charter of the province of Pennsylvania, by expressly refer-
ring to the same, and binding the said province of Quebec by the north-
ern and western bounds thereof. Wherefore there is the greatest reason
to conclude, that any instructions the governor of Virginia may have
received from his majesty's servants, to take that country under his ad-
ministration, must be founded on some misrepresentation to them re-
specting the western extent of this province. In justice therefore to the
proprietors of the province of Pennsylvania, who are only desirous to
secure their own undoubted property from the encroachment of others, I have
thought fit, with the advice of the council, to issue this my proclamation,
hereby requiring all persons, west of the Laurel Hill, to retain their set-
tlements as aforesaid made under this province, and to pay due obedience
to the laws of this government; and all magistrates, and other officers,
who hold commissions or offices under this government, to proceed as
usual in the administration of justice, without paying the least regard to
the said recited proclamation, until his majesty's pleasure shall be known
in the premises; at the same time strictly charging and enjoining the said
inhabitants and magistrates to use their utmost endeavours to preserve
peace and good order.

Given under my hand, and the great seal of the said province, at Phi-
ladelphia, the 12th day of October, in the year of our Lord, 1774,
and in the 14th year of the reign of our sovereign lord George the
third, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland,
king, defender of the faith, and so forth.
By his honour's command, JOHN PENN.
JOSEPH SNIPPEN, junior, secretary.
GOD SAVE THE KING.

FROM THE LONDON MERCURY.
Some EXTRACTS from an act " for making more
effectual provision for the government of the province of

QUEBEC, in North America," with a few OBSER-
VATIONS.

THE contrivers of the Quebec bill would have it understood that it
supports upon an act then made by a protestant administration;
but the fallacy will be evident to any one who reads the act of the first
of Elizabeth, wherein her supremacy, in all spiritual and ecclesiastical
things or causes, is by oath required of all who bore any office temporal
or spiritual, and by which the falsehood is notorious. Also see another
article in the Quebec bill to the same purpose :

"Provided always, and be it enacted, that no person professing the
religion of the church of Rome, and residing in the said province, shall
be obliged to take the oath required by the said statute, passed in the
"first year of the reign of queen Elizabeth."

This is in full proof that there is no truth in saying that this Quebec
bill is of the same tenor with, or has the countenance of that protestant
Statute of the first of queen Elizabeth, the Canadians not being in the
least subjected to the king's supremacy. They are authorized by this act
to own a foreign supreme head; nay, in the very letter of the oath re-
quired in the Quebec bill, they only say, "I A. B. do sincerely promise
and swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to his majesty
king George, and him will defend, &c." They do not so much as dis-
tinguish him as the first, second, or third king of that name, nor of
what kingdom he is king. There is not therefore any thing at all bind-
ing in the oath ; and whoever drew it up for the use of the Canadians
richly deserves to lose his head.

But how miserable, how pitiable, the condition of the Canadian pro-
testants, by virtue of this act, passed in the 14th year of the reign of
George III. when we read the article following ?

"Provided also, that no ordinance touching religion, or by which any
punishment may be inflicted greater than fine and imprisonment for three
months, shall not be of any force or effect until the same shall receive his
majesty's approbation."

Future ages, if the reign of truth and righteousness should recover a
lost scepter, and mankind again learn to revere liberty, and the rights of
humanity, will be astonished that a British protestant senate should leave
all the protestants, in so extensive a province as that of Quebec, liable to
any fines whatever, and to imprisonment for three months, if a popish
council or administration see fit to inflict such punishment; for unless
the punishment be greater, the ordinance will have its force and efficacy,
without any regard had to his majesty's approbation.

Nor can it be a desirable situation for British protestant subjects to
have a stated residence in Canada, with respect to the security of property;
for thus runs the statute:

"In all matters of controversy, relative to property and civil rights,
resort shall be had to the laws of Canada, as the rule for the decision of
the same."

Moreover, though it is said that his majesty may appoint council for
the affairs of the province, which council may make ordinances with
consent of the governor, yet there is no manner of security in all this;
for so it is enacted:

"Provided always, that nothing in this act contained shall extend to
authorize or empower the said legislative council to lay any taxes or duties
within the said province, such rates and taxes only excepted as the inha-
bitants of any town or district, within the said province, may be autho-
rized, by the said council, to assess, levy, and apply, within the said
town or district, for the purpose of making roads, erecting and repairing
public buildings, or for any other purpose, respecting the local convenience
and economy of such town or district."

This is surely a very loose, absurd, and nonsensical proviso. The
council may not lay any taxes or duties, and yet may assess, levy, and
apply, for roads, public buildings, or any other purpose they shall deem
proper; an exception so very lax, as to render of little or no significance
the limitation of the authority upon the council. Nor does it appear,
that if the council see fit to appoint magnificent mass houses, or extensive
buildings, in the several towns, for the convenience of the popish wor-
ship, that the protestants will be excused from such assessments; for
these taxes will be construed very different from their tythes, &c.

From the MASSACHUSETTS SPY.
TO THE BRITONS AND AMERICANS.

YOUR contests are now become so serious and important that they
engage the attention of all civilized nations, and as the sword of
war seems almost ready to be unsheathed, I would beg leave, with the
voice of reason and humanity, to speak a few words of truth and soberness.
What do the Britons want? Riches and honour. What do the Americans
want? Liberty. Cannot both be gratified? Yes. Why then do they
continue an unnatural and injurious quarrel, which deeply wounds both
their interests? Because they will not follow the plain dictates of com-
mon sense. If the path be so plain wherein Britain may secure her
honour and interest, and the Americans their liberty, you will naturally
say, point it out? I answer, here it is: Let Britain secure her honour by
demanding nothing but what is honourable and just, and her interest will
forever be inseparable from her honour; let the Americans remain perfectly
free, and enjoy the blessings of the British constitution in their full extent,
equal with Britons in Britain. Then will the wealth of America flow
into Britain, through the channel of commerce, as naturally and as
certainly as the rivers run into the ocean. Complaint, wrath, and envy,
between the two countries will cease, and mutual love, and good will,
may re-animate your bosoms. This surely would be honourable for Bri-
tain, happy for America, and glorious for the whole nation. Some are
so extremely weak as to talk of Britain's maintaining her honour by en-
forcing
her laws, however unjust to others, or injurious to herself: A
people governed by such principles must be considered by all the rest of the
world as a nation of fools and madmen. The wisest men sometimes err
and it is a sure sign of wisdom to be willing to correct an error when it is
discovered, and all men esteem it honourable. The British parliament
has often acknowledged an error by repealing her own acts, when it was
found by experience that they were injurious, and by so doing the en-
creased her honour and her reputation in the world. Why, then, in the
name of reason, should any man suppose that her honour is concerned to
maintain the present measures respecting America when a scheme of policy,
infinitely more advantageous, lies open to every common mind? I was
going to mention the wide desolation and dreadful calamities which await
the nation if harmony is not soon restored, but at present I forbear.
SOLOMON, junior.

Column 2

To LORD NORTH.
YOU have been thought qualified, from the depth of your political genius,
and the zealous rancour of your disposition towards America, to furnish
expedients for reducing a brave, free, and loyal people, to the humiliating situ-
ation of suing for remission of their political transgressions at the feet of parl-
iament. If you have the justice to proportion the punishment to the offence,
this of the Americans must, in your idea, be of no small magnitude, to sentence
them to so base and ignominious a submission. But, my lord, in a case of great
consequence as this, in which two millions and a half of people are concerned,
one would think your humanity, supposing you totally void of justice, would
influence you to procure competent proof of the imputed crime. Prove the fact
to this amount, and I am ready to submit to the judgment you have pronounced,
although it is of a nature rather suited to the tyranny of the east. Under
your auspices ships of war, and an army, have been sent to Boston, to put in
force certain acts of the British parliament, destructive of the trade of that
town, the freedom of the province, and eventually of all America. For my
own part, I am willing to rest the liberties of my country on the issue of this
business, and I make no doubt all America will readily subscribe to my opinion.
The cause of the town of Boston is looked upon every where in America as a
common cause; witness the resolves of the several colonies, and the generous
donations sent thither to relieve the distresses of the poor. Are you not con-
vinced you have been misled by false representations of interested men, in your
judgment, of that numerous, brave, and injured people? If you deny the fact,
I will only mention, in support of it, the impotent handful of troops you have
sent against them, and the inefficacy of your laws in respect to the internal go-
vernment of that province. Permit me to inform you, that in Massachusetts
Bay only there are at least 80,000 men fit for action, 20,000 militia in New
Hampshire, and 40,000 in Connecticut, which, with the number Rhode Island
can furnish, will make at least 150,000 men, ready to appear at five days
notice. But these are not all: I leave you to calculate the additional forces
which may be supplied by the southern colonies. The town of Boston, garri-
soned by the troops now there, and going to it, may bold out a siege till the
winter, from the present natural strength of the place; but it is in that season
accessible in every part over the ice, which forms c bridge strong enough to
bear any number of men. When this happens, what will not be achieved by
a people determined to die or be free?

You may remember Cromwell's remark, in the army, of the parliament,
compared with that of the king: Says he, “We shall ever be beaten by the
royal army till we make a reform in our own. Our troops are composed chiefly
of tapsters and serving men; the king's of gentlemen and gentlemen’s sons, and
the better sort of people. We must get farmers sons, and reputable people,
to serve under us, before we can pretend to vie with our adversaries." His
advice was followed, and they conquered.

The troops of the colonies, in case you should prosecute your design against
their liberties, will be composed altogether of the respectable class of yeomanry,
who will fight upon principle, and maintain their point to the last, for I will
venture to affirm there is not, according to their rank, a more intelligent, spi-
rited people to be found in the world.

Having thus exhibited to you some of the difficulties which you will have
to combat with, let us now turn our eyes towards Canada, and take a brief
view of the nature and tendency of the late act of parliament regulating the
internal government of that province :

You would have it thought to be the wish of the Canadians to be under ar-
bitrary power rather than enjoy the invaluable blessings of liberty; and can
you, my lord, think it right, even upon this principle, though I am far from
admitting the truth of it, to take advantage of the ignorance or folly of a de-
luded people, to deprive them, by a solemn act of the British parliament, of
the unalienable rights of nature? Is it thus you make a pander of parliament
to procure you arbitrary power? It is thus you sacrifice the honour and justice
of that once reverend body of men to as base and vile purposes as ever disgraced
the human heart. But let us not lose sight of our main design, which was to
enquire into the motives and views upon which this fact was founded:

You have, instead of a bare toleration of the Roman catholic religion, made
it the established religion in Canada, though it is the most SANGUINARY of
any amongst
christians, and one of its cardinal tenets, absolution, is totally in-
consistent with all civil government. You have not only done this, but, contrary
to every maxim of found policy, you have also, under the sancttion of parlia-
ment, introduced the French laws. Nothing but a better government, and
more beneficial laws, can possibly alter the habits, passions, and maxims, of
the Canadians, in favour of Great Britain, and secure their attachment and
fidelity to her. But their religion and policy being the same, they were before,
and their habits, passions, and maxims, of course, continuing the same, what
degree of attachment or affection can be expected from such a people, whose
whole souls are devoted to the service of the grand monarque?

You have been declared in the house of commons it is your intention to form a
chain of forts in the new province of Quebec, along the rear of the old Bri-
tish colonies, and garrison them with Canadians, to keep the old colonies in or-
der. My lord, your plan is weak and preposterous. Strengthen the hands
of the Canadians, and you will do France an essential service; for it requires
no great spirit of prophecy to foretell they will turn their armies against you,
and put themselves again under the dominion of that country to which they are
so remarkably attached. What will then be the consequences of your ill con-
certed schemes against the liberty and happiness of this insulted country? The
certain loss to Britain, of Canada, and, if not of all the other colonies, such
an interruption of her trade with them as will bring the deepest distress upon the
finances of the kingdom. The trade to this country is one of the chief props
of that important system of taxes, the well being of which is so essential to
the security of Great Britain. All the wisdom and resource of the ablest
statesmen have not been equal to the task of lessening, in any considerable degree,
the enormous debt of the nation. Their utmost efforts are now requisite to stop
the progress of this political cancer, and therefore every salutary ingredient
in the medicine, applied to this purpose, ought to be highly prized.

But suppose, my lord, which is far worse than I have mentioned, the
rigour and injustice of your measure should operate with such effect as to de-
prive Great Britain of these colonies forever: This is not improbable, should
you continue to pursue your purpose, if an opinion may be formed from the
present temper and spirit of America. In this case, it is easy to foresee the
event: Britain must sink under the misfortune, and your name, like that of
Erostratus, will be handed down to posterity for the eminent mischief you have
done in the world. Alike in infamy, humanity would not shudder, if, in the
resemblance of punishment, the mild laws of your country should, for once,
be infringed. C A I U S.

VIENNA, August 24.
IT was reported yesterday at the camp at Pest, that
the grand vizir, who lately commanded the Turkish
army, died suddenly (but in what manner is not known)
and that he was interred at Adrianople.

CONSTANTINOPLE, August 3. The 16th of last month
we received the melancholy news, that the grand visir had
been abandoned the 30th of June by 140,000 men of his
army, who had basely deserted their colours to return
home. The grand signior held a grand divan the same
day, in which the critical situation of the Ottoman army,
who was in danger of being taken prisoner with the re-
mainder of his troops, was taken into consideration; and,
in consequence, it was unanimously resolved to send him
immediately full powers to conclude a peace with Russia
upon the best term he should be able to obtain.

A Janissary, named Effendissi, arrived here the 19th
of last month from the army, with the preliminaries of
the peace, which Field Marshal Count Romanzow had
himself dictated to the grand signior. The following
day his highness, with the advice of the musti, the law-
yers, and the principal officers of the porte, signed those
preliminaries, and dispatched them immediately to the
army.

WARSAW, August 24. Admiral Knowles is arrived
here from Petersburg, with his lady and daughter. Prince
Czartoryski, general of Podolia, gave him a splendid
supper and ball last Saturday, at which was present the
young prince of Waldeck, who served as a volunteer in
the Russian army. On the following Monday prince
Poniatouski, the chamberlain of the crown, gave them
a magnificent breakfast at his estate of Szolec.

GENOA, August 20. They write from Madrid, that
the king has determined to reduce the inquisition to a
college of enquiry into religious affairs, and has taken
its jurisdiction and prisons from it, so that that tribunal
cannot pronounce any sentence of death, nor even of
imprisonment, these judgments belonging to the civil tri-
bunals.

Column 3

Paris, September 2. Monday night several people
amused themselves with throwing squibs about the gates
of the palace, which brought the guard there and they
shut the gates. This affronted the populace, and they
insulted all the people that passed by without distinction,
throwing squibs in every body's face and into the windows
of the palace. The officers of justice interposed, but so
little respect was paid to them that they were opposed
with swords and other weapons, by which several were
dangerously wounded, and one of them killed; and they
would have been totally overpowered, if a detachment of
the watch had not come to their assistance and put an
end to the disturbance, which was not effected till about
two o'clock in the morning. Every evening since people
have assembled about the palace and the neighbouring
streets, and it is not known when the fury of the populace
will be at an end.

L O N D 0 N, September 15.
A GENTLEMAN just arrived from Paris, who made
it his business while there to find out how the peo-
ple were affected towards their new king, and whether
as they thought themselves happier now than they were in
the late reign, says, that he was much surprized to find
that an universal discontent prevailed every where among
the people, and that they were much displeased with the
English newspapers for giving him virtues that he never
did, or ever will, possess, and distributing so much hap-
piness throughout the kingdom, when nothing is expe-
rienced but the utmost distress. The people do not scru-
ple to say, that while he inherits jesuitical principles,
they can expect nothing but being scourged with a ty-
rannic rod, and that his grandfather, with all his faults
and vices, was much to be preferred to him with all his
virtuous masks. This the above gentleman declares to be
the true sentiments of the people every where, and says
he is astonished at, and cannot dive into the meaning of
the English passing such fine eniomiums upon him; for
certain it is, notwithstanding the great reliance our mi-
nistry may have on the powerful promises of the court
of France, that they are at this instant in high consulta-
tion how to give a wound to the peace of England.
From the above relation, it is most certain that the ear
of France is wholly taken up with the hostile proposals
of Spain against us: Nay, does not every proceeding of
the court of Madrid corroborate this, as well as the
hints given us by many of our neighbours; but it seems
as if nothing would wake us out of our lethargy but bails
and bullets flying about our heads.

We cannot think the ministry are so concerned about
affairs in America as some seem to hint they are; but on
the contrary are inclined to believe the confusion there of
very little consequence to England, otherwise they would
be employed in consultations together in town, to dis-
perse such confusion and tumult, rather than feasting
their minds and appetites with country pleasures and
dainties.

Who can deny but that the government is at present
a military one? The ministry have made it such, who
being conscious that reason, justice, and the civil spirit
of the constitution, are all against and ashamed of them,
have, like terrified cowards, precipitately blundered on
the cruel and much hated resource of turning the arms
of Britain against her own bosom, and yet, if we may
credit what they seem so industriously careful to conceal
(even their own accounts allow of) the alarming deserti-
ons of the military at Boston, as if the soldiers, in-
heriting more exalted souls than their employers, rejected
the bloody business with horror; men who never turned
their backs on the natural enemies of their country; men
whose approved integrity in the field has often given
glory to their country, now spurn at the inglorious war-
fare, and prefer, what on other occasions would be worse
than death itself, desertion to duty, when it cames in
competition with their honour, as Britons and soldiers.

It is generally thought that the ministry will find it
necessary to get the Boston port bill repealed the next
session of parliament, if at least they hope of any success
at the ensuing general election.

The toast now is, “May the Bostonians and the military
be unanimous in support of public liberty."

We hear, that as Dr. Shipley, by his honest behaviour,
has precluded himself from ever rising in his profession
on this side the water, his friends are soliciting for his
being appointed archbishop of Boston, where he is the
only man that can be agreeable, as the first bishop that
ever had the courage to maintain the sentiments of a
free man.

A correspondent informs us, that in one of the publi-
cations of Holland for last month, there is something to
the following effect: “It is remarkable that the two most
powerful kings in Europe are, with all their seeming au-
thority, under the necessity of concealing their religion;
for it is certain that one is a jesuit, and the other a papist."

A correspondent wishes to know if at the interment of
the supposed highwayman who was shot by the guard of
the Exeter stage, the minister who officiated at the fune-
ral omitted or repeated the following words in that most
solemn service, “We thank thee, O father! for having
TAKEN this our brother out of the miseries of this sinful
world.” If used, how strongly does it evince the absolute
expediency of every minister being vested with a discreti-
onary power of dispensing with the above part on such
occasions in cases similar to the above, and in those of
executed malefactors? What less than a profane mockery
is it to invocate the majesty of Heaven, and return him
thanks for having taken from mortality those whose male-
factions had rendered their lives an expiatory sacrifice to
the offended laws of justice? A part in our excellent litur-
gy so objectionable indisputably demands a speedy amend-
ment.

A correspondent observes, that the depredations of the
northern ravager may be not ill compared to those of the
dragon of Wantley, in the burlesque opera of that name:
“Houses and churches
"Are to him but geese and turkies.”

Tuesday morning as some carpenters were mending a
garret floor in Bride Court, they found the skeletons of
two children between the rafters, supposed to have been
murdered some years since, as the bones dropped to dust
on moving them.

Page 3</h5
Column 1
a

A few days ago died at Kettering, in Northampton-
shire, aged 84, John Smart, a cobler, who had 34
children by 5 wives, and who retained his bodily strength
so long, that, till within these 2 years, he was able to
take a 5 bushel sack of wheat on his shoulders without
any assistance.

Extract of a letter from Warsaw, dated August 24.
"It has been mentioned that the king was reduced to
the necessity of approving the plan of a permanent coun-
cil, in consequence of which forced consent of his majesty,
given only with a view to keep off the misfortunes with
which the republic was threatened, the delegation signed
the following points the 8th of this month:

"1. The establishment of a permanent council of the
senate is decided.

"2. This council shall be composed of three estates,
viz. the king, the senate (the ministry comprehended)
and the equestrian order in equal numbers, as much with
regard to the persons of the senate, and the equestrian
order, as to the provinces of Grand Poland and Lithuania.

“3. The king shall always be chief of this council.

“4. The article concerning the prerogatives of the
king shall remain entire, and it is set forth in the project
of the permanent council, the following words only ex-
cepted, viz. “that the king shall not engage to answer
for his successors.”

“5 The members of council shall be chosen by a ma-
jority, which is to be decided by ballot, at all the ordi-
nary diets, immediately after the election of the marshal,
and as soon as the chamber of the equestrian order shall
have joined the senate.”

Extract of a letter from Paris, dated September 2.
The grand project of the Duc de Choiseul, and
which has been laid aside since his disgrace, is now the
subject of public conversation. That late minister had
given his consent to the division of Poland by the three
powers who have executed it, and requested their neu-
trality with respect to a plan which he himself proposed
to carry into execution. In consequence, he projected to
build a town on the borders of the lake of Geneva in the
country of Varsoi, and employed for that purpose
300,000 livres: But the Genovese and the Switzers, who
suspected his intentions, destroyed in the night what the
workmen had done in the day, either by the overflowing
of the lakes, or the rivulets which water their country,
and these accidents appeared so natural, that the real
occasion could not be discovered: The architects and
conductors of those works were too well paid to divulge
the true cause; but as the duke's power began to decline,
he did not obstinately pursue this operation. He commu-
nicated his secret to Victor Amadeus, king of Sardinia,
who had long been jealous of the liberty of Geneva and
the Swiss cantons. The disgrace of the minister and the
death of Victor Amadeus with whom he had a treaty on
the tapis, occasioned the cessation of a greater pursuit,
The Duc de Aguillon, successor of that minister, was
more of a courtier than a politician; he was desirous of
peace, fearing that war or any unhappy disputes, might
make him deserve what the death of Louis occasioned to
him: Besides, being the sworn enemy of Choiseul, he
represented in a disadvantageous light to his master every
thing that he projected; he observed a neutrality in the
division of Poland; all his projects in politics failed, his
whole administration hath rendered him the object of
public hatred, and his disgrace occasioned universal joy.
At present, affairs are about to wear a different face; the
emperor will be induced by the allurement of interest, as
all the powers of Europe are, to recriminate against his
engagements, and to enter into an alliance with France
and Sardinia, to reduce to slavery both Geneva and
Switzerland. Despotism is an epidemical disease, interest
and avarice authorise it under the veil of religion; and
in less than a year, we may expect to see more blood spilt
than has been shed in all the past wars.”

PHILADELPHIA, November 2.
To the freeholders and electors of the city
and county of
Philadelphia.

AS the congress, in support and for
the preservation of American liber-
ty, have formed resolves, and entered into
an association, in behalf of themselves
and the colonies they represented, and
have recommended the appointment of
committees in the several towns and coun-
ties, for carrying the same into execution,
we the committee chosen for the city and
county of Philadelphia, on the 18th of
June last, having to the best of our abili-
ties executed the trust then reposed in us,
beg leave to recommend to our constitu-
ents the appointment of a new committee
for this city and county, on Saturday the
12th instant, at the state-house, at ten
o'clock in the morning, which time and
place those qualified to vote for represen-
tatives in assembly are desired to attend.

To the PUBLIC.
A number of the citizens of Philadel-
phia, anxious to comply with the 11th
resolve of the CONGRESS, in which it is
recommended to each city, town, and
county, to form committees for carrying
into execution the whole of their resoluti-
ons, beg leave to propose the choice of
separate committees for the city and
county for the following reasons:

1. The business which will necessarily
come before the city and county being

Column 2

different, they apprehend it will be better
done by committees in each place. In
the city they include Southwark and the
Northern Liberties.

2. The emergencies of business in the
city will require such frequent and sud-
den meetings of a committee, that mem-
bers from the county cannot conveniently
attend.

3. In complying with the non-con-
sumption agreement recommended by the
congress, they apprehend the city can
afford no assistance to the county, nor the
county to the city, so that should they
attempt to act together, they will obstruct
and delay the execution of that very ne-
cessary resolution.

4. By interesting people in every town-
ship, in the most remote as well as adjoin-
ing parts of the county, in the execution
of the resolves of the congress, they ap-
prehend that intelligence, firmness, and
unanimity, will be more generally pro-
moted, by which means both city and
county will be enabled to act with more
success in the general cause of American
liberty.

WILLIAMSBURG.
Extract from the votes and proceedings of
the
AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CON-
GRESS.

11th RESOLVE.
THAT a COMMITTEE be chosen
in every county, city, and town,
" by those who are qualified to vote for
" representatives in the legislature; whose
" business it shall be, attentively to ob-
" serve the conduct of all persons touch-
" ing this ASSOCIATION: And when it
" shall be made to appear, to the satis-
" faction of a majority of any such com-
" mittee, that any person, within the
" limits of their appointment, has vio-
" lated this association, that such majori
" ty do forthwith cause the truth of the
“ case to be published in the gazette
, to the
“ end that all such foes to the rights of
“ British America may be publickly known,
“ and universally contemned, as the enemies
“ of American liberty
; and thenceforth we,
“ respectively, will break off all dealings
“ with him, or her.”

*** That the ABOVE, and all other RESOLUTIONS of
the CONGRESS, may be carried into strict execution, the
several freeholders of James City county are desired to
meet at eleven o'clock on Friday the 25th instant, if fair,
otherwise the succeeding day, at the house of Mr. Isham
Allen, in order to elect a COMMITTLE to act throughout
the said county, and do what is REQUIRED of them by so
respectable and august a body.

Died on the 10th instant, at Studley, the seat of Peter
Lyons, esquire, Mr. WILLIAM BASSETT, eldest son
of Burwell Bassett, esquire, of New Kent; he was a most
engaging and amiable youth.

The ADDRESS to CELIA shall appear in our next.

For CHARTER,
The BRIGANTINE ABBY,
JONAS HERBERT, MASTER;
BURTHEN about 240 hogsheads, or 8000 bushels. For terms apply to
Norfolk, Nov. 5, 1774. GREENWOOD, RITSON, & MARSH.

COLCHESTER, November 1, 1774.
THE subscriber some time ago advertised in the neighbourhood of this
place, that the business formerly transacted by him here, on ac-
count of Messieurs David Dalyell, George Oswald and company, and
Oswald, Dennifloun, and company, of Glasgow, was declined by him on
the 10th of January last, and committed to the management of Mr.
John Gibson; and as he intends soon to leave the colony, he requests all
who have had dealings with him on account of either of the said com-
panies, and have not already settled their accounts, to come immediately
and settle with Mr. Gibson, who has transacted the business since the
10th of January last, and continues to carry it on. Those who have
claims against the said company for transactions with them, are desired
to apply to Mr. Gibson, that they may be adjusted.
HECTOR ROSS.

WHEREAS I some time ago bought of Mr. John Twittey 400
acres of land, in the county of Brunswick, and gave three several
obligations for payment of the purchase money, which was 200l. in the
proportions and at the times following, viz. 100l. in April last, and 50l.
in April in the two succeeding years; and whereas I have been credibly
informed that a suit in chancery is now depending in the general court,
brought by the attorney general, against the said Thomas Twittey and
John Twittey, in order to subject the said land to a judgment recovered by
the king against the said Thomas Twittey; and I have been advised that before
the determination of that suit my title will be insecure. In order, there-
fore, that no person may be deceived by taking assignments of the said
bonds, I do hereby give notice that I will not pay the said purchase money,
or any part of it, without being compelled to do so, until I can be satis-
fied that my title will not be evicted, 3* LEWIS COLLIER.

DUMFRIES, November 8, 1774.
AT a meeting of the JOCKY CLUB this day, resolved, that in con-
GRESS, the Dumfries races, that were advertised to be run the 29th of
this month, be postponed. The gentlemen farmers that are fattening
beeves, muttons, and veals, for our premiums, must, for the present,
put up with honour and glory in place of the guineas that were intended
for them. RICHARD GRAHAM, SECRETARY.

Column 3

JOHN GREEN, SADDLER and HARNESSMAKER, in FREDERICKS-
BURG, gives his friends and the public notice that there never was
a partnership between him, and John SORREL, as was supposed, though
it was intended; but he, the said SORREL, not having a stock or credit
sufficient for carrying on the said business, obliged me to part from him,
which I did, after allowing him half the profits from the time of our
commencement in the above business. I intend carrying on the business
to its usual extent, and hope to give entire satisfaction to all those who
may please to employ me. I return my most sincere thanks to those who
have already favoured me with their custom, and hope, by assiduity, to
gain their future favours. 2 JOHN GREEN.

NOVEMBER 1, 1774.
THE partnership of Amos Laddand company being this day dis-
solved by content, all persons having demands on the said company
are to apply to Amos and James Ladd for payment, who have undertaken
to discharge all demands against Amos Ladd and company. I intend soon
to leave the colony. 3 JOHN ATKINSON.

RUN away from the subscriber, living in Prince Edward, an Irish
servant man named Thomas Noughton, about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches
high, wears his own short light coloured hair, and has lost one of his fore
teeth; had on a brown linen shirt and jacket, dussil breeches, a felt hat,
and was bare foot. Also an apprentice lad named Anthony Willson, 14 or
15 years of age, wears his own short light coloured hair, had on an ozna-
brig shirt, Russia drill breeches, a negro cotton coat, and was bare foot.
Whoever secures the said runaways so that I get them again, shall have
a reward of 41. for the servant, 20s. for the apprentice, and, if brought
home, all reasonable charges. All masters of vessels are hereby fore-
warned from carrying them out of the colony.
2 JOHN THOMPSON, junior.

TAKEN up, on Appomattox river, near the upper bridge, in Prince
Edward
, a bay mare, about 4 feet 2 inches and a half high, has
a star in her forehead, about 6 years old, her left eye is what is called a
glass eye, all of her feet are white intermixed with black spots, has a
snip on her nose, and branded on each buttock 8. Posted, and appraised
to 5l. WILLIAM HALL.

TAKEN up in Spotsylvania, 4 sheep, viz. one ram, marked with a
swallow fork in each ear; one ewe, marked with a crop, slit, and
underkeel in the right, and crop and underkeel in the left; one wether,
marked with a crop and slit in the right, and a crop in the left ear; the
other is a lamb, unmarked. All the above sheep are white. Posted,
and appraised to 1l. 18s. * WILLIAM CARTER.

TAKEN up, on Deep Creek, in Cumberland, a bay mare, about 4 feet
6 inches high, about 5 years old, a switch tail, and no brand per-
ceivable. Posted, and appraised to 121. JACOB MAGEHE.

TAKEN up, near the head of Harris's creek, in Prince Edward, a
sorrel mare, about 4 feet 2 or 3 inches high, 8 years old, 3 white
feet, and appears to have been branded with an E. Posted, and appraised
to 51. ALEXANDER QUILL.

TAKEN up, in Orange, a small flea bitten grey horse, about 11 years
old, and branded on the near buttock with a cross. Posted, and ap-
praised to 3l. REUBEN DANIEL.

Just published, and to be SOLD, by the printer hereof,
T H E
VIRGINIA ALMANACK,
For the year of our Lord 1775.

WILLIAMSBURG, November 12, 1774.
For SALE,
MY DWELLINGHOUSE &c. in York town. For
terms apply to me, in this city.
J. H. NORTON.

To be disposed of, by the subscribe, in Dumfries,
A PERSON that understands ENGRAVING in all its different
branches; such as raising and making impressions on gold, silver,
copper, brass, &c. likewise making small cuts of all kinds, coats of
arms, cyphers and figures on plate, in the neatest manner. He has near
seven years to serve. 3 ANDREW LEITCH.

At a court held for Sussex county the 20th of October, 1774.
TWO writings purporting the last will and testament
of HARTWELL MARABLE, late of this county,
deceased, being found among his other papers, of diffe-
rent contents and dates, the court doth appoint Decem-
ber
court next to determine which of those writings doth
contain the true last will and testament of the said Mara-
ble
, and that all persons interested may then attend, it is
ordered that the same be published in the Virginia
gazette. A. CLAIBORNE, C. S C.

To be SOLD, on Monday the 26th day of this instant (November) if fair,
if not the next fair day, at
Loudoun courthouse,

THIRTY likely NEGROES, consisting of men and women, boys
and girls, among whom is a lad that has worked seven years at the
blacksmith's business, some house women, who can sew, wash, iron,
and spin, two very good wood cutters, having been used to cut and cord
wood for a furnace, also a good cart or waggon driver. Credit will be
given until the first day of May next, the purchasers giving bond, with
security, to bear interest from the date, if not punctually discharged.
2 JOHN TURBERVILLE.

THE subscriber having with great pains and study acquired a know-
ledge in the cure of the BLOODY FLUX, and having, out of
regard to my fellow creatures, communicated to the public, by dispersing
many receipts, directing the patient what means and method he is to use,
takes this method of acquainting the public that he will attend any pa-
tient, under 25 miles, at 20s. each patient; but if more than one in a
family to be attended, his price will be more moderate, and expects no
pay unless his patient survives the disorder. He believes himself to be
capable of administering means for preventing the taking the disorder in
families where it may be raging, which he will do at the moderate price
of 10s. each person, and will attend patients at greater distances at a
moderate expence, and on the conditions as above mentioned.
THOMAS JOHNSON.

TEN POUNDS REWARD.
RUN away from the subscriber's plantation on Bull Run, the 7th of
September last, a convict servant man, who says his name is John
Horne
, but was convicted by the name of Pooling Horne, and imported
into Potowmack river, last month, in the ship Tayloe. He is an English-
man
, about 24 years of age, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, with short black
hair, a smooth face, and a scar under his left eye. Had on, and took
with him, an old blue sailor’s jacket, very short, with small black but-
tons, set thick on both sides, a black waistcoat, corduroy breeches,
light marled stockings, and old shoes; also new light grey jacket and
breeches of coarse cloth, with white metal buttons, and two new
oznabrig shirts, with several other shirts, silk handkerchiefs, and other
things. He carried off a likely black blooded mare, about 14 hands
high, with a star on her forehead, branded on the near shoulder H, and
on the near buttock M. I will give the above reward for the servant
and the mare, delivered to me in Colchester.
(3) ALEXANDER HENDERSON,

RUN away from the subscriber, near Prince Edward courthouse, about
the 1st of October, a negro fellow named CÆSAR, formerly the
property of Mr. David Copeland, of Cumberland county, of whom I pur-
chased him. He is about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, and well made; had
on, and carried with him, an upper jacket, made out of a blanket, and
an under one, of negro cotton, without skirts, and pretty much wore,
an oznabrig shirt, and a pair of blue Velvet Breeches, more than half
wore. He had no shoes or stockings when he went off. As he was
born and raised in Cumberland county, where he must have formed some
connections, it is probable he may have gone that course. Whoever
brings the said slave to me, or secures him in any gools and informs me
thereof, so that I get him again, shall receive twenty shillings reward,
besides what the law allows.
3 ROBERT LAWSON.

TEN POUNDS REWARD.
RUN away from the subscriber, living in Somerset county, Maryland,
a certain Thomas Mallett, who being sent by me as commander of a
sloop of about 1500 bushels burthen to Baltimore town, were, after be-
having very much amiss, he absconded, it is supposed, either to Norfolk,
York
, or some other part of Virginia. The sloop is of oak, except the
top, timbers, and beams, which are pine. The said Mallett is a very
dark; pockfretten fellow, and remarkably smooth spoken. Whoever
secures the said vessel and fellow, so that the owner may get them again,
shall receive the above reward. (2) JOSEPH DASHRILL.

FALMOUTH. October 25, 1774.
I INTEND to leave the colony in a few weeks.
GEORGE BUCHANAN.

Page 4
Column 1

To be RENTED, and entered on the 1st day of January next,
THE lower FERRY on Chickahominy river, in Charles City, and
known by the name of Lesser's ferry, where Mr. Robert Lorton, de-
ceased, lived several years. The houses are in good repair. The tract
of land contains 320 acres, and hath an excellent range for cattle and
hogs, and is a good place for fishing and fowling. Any person inclinable
to become a tenant may know the terms by applying to
(3) RENJAMIN DANCY.

THERE was a hogshead of tobacco inspected at Rockey Ridge ware-
house the 9th of August 1769, for Francis Smith, and entered on
our book, number 1370, 1170, 80, l090, nett. If not claimed in
time, it will be sold according to law.
SCOTT and PANKEY, Inspectors.

NOTICE is hereby given, that there is now remaining in Waddy's
warehouse, in New Kent county, one hogshead of tobacco, the
marks, number, weight, and maker's name, as follow:
Marks. No. Gross. Tare. Nett. Maker's Name.
F. W. 192 1192 89 1103 Francis Wilkinson, Henrico.
A note out. FINCH and BACON.

RUN away from the subscriber, in Dumfries, on the 21st of October,
three servant men, viz. JOSEPH FISHER, a convict and tailor,
about 5 feet 6 or 7 inches high, dark visage, down look, and has a scar
on his upper lip; had on a blue broadcloth coat and jacket, with metal
buttons, white fustian breeches, and pinchbeck buckles. WILLIAM
BOOTH, a convict and sailor, about 5 feet 5 or 6 inches high, has a
wooden leg, which he endeavours to hide with trousers, is pitted with
the smallpox, of a dark complexion, and has very black hair. He has
sundry cloaths with him. PATRICK CREAMER, an indented servant
and tailor, about 21 years of age, 5 feet 5 or 6 inches high, and had
on a bearskin coat, jacket, and breeches. Whoever takes up the said
runaways, and delivers them to me, in Dumfries, or secures them so
that I get them again, shall receive EIGHTEEN DOLLARS reward.
3 ANDREW LEITCH.

TAKEN up, near Great Guinea creek, in Cumberland, an iron grey
mare colt, 4 feet 2 inches high, neither docked or branded, has a
white spot on her left buttock, and a blaze iner face; posted, and ap-
praised to 21. 10s. Also a sorrel mare colt, 4 feet high, neither docked
or branded, her left hind foot white, and has a blaze in her face. Ap-
praised to 2l. () HARTWELL MACON.

TAKEN up, in Amelia, a bay mare, about 10 or 11 years old, between
4 feet 8 and 9 inches high, switch mane and tail, a star in her fore-
head, her near hind foot white, and a small part of her near fore foot,
several saddle spots on her back, and no perceivable brand. Posted, and
appraised to 11l. Apply to the subscriber in Prince George county.
() JOHN THWEAT.

TAKEN up, in Halifax, on Sandy Creek, a black mare, about 4 feet
6 inches high, branded on the near buttock O, and on the near
shoulder S, in which some white hairs are grown out, has a half crop in
her right ear, a star in her forehead, some saddle spots, a short tail, and
hanging mane, trots indifferently, and appears to be old. Appraised to
5l. () THOMAS DIXON.

THE subscriber intending for England, would be glad to dispose of
the house he now lives in, with the lot and other improvements
thereon; the situation is in the most public part of the city, and the
house well calculated for any business. To any person inclinable to
become a purchaser the payments will be made easy, on giving bond,
and good security; or it will be sold on an annuity, as may best suit the
parties. 3 EDWARD CHARLTON.

Just imported, in the last ships from London, and to be sold by the sub-
scriber in
Williamsburg, on reasonable terms,

A GENTEEL assortment of MILLINERY, LACES, Dresden
SUITS, SILKS, JEWELLERY, and sundry other articles, all
in the newest fashion. As I find it necessary to go for England in the
spring, it is hoped those ladies and gentlemen who have favoured me
with their orders, and have not discharged them, will be kind enough
to make payment as early as possible, that I may be enabled to put my
designs in execution; which will greatly add to the many obligations
already conferred on their humble servant,
JANE CHARLTON.

WILLIAMSBURG, November 9, 1774.
BEING informed that several gentlemen who have been pleased to
favour my last scheme by subscribing to the encouragement of it,
decline paying their money till they can receive a proper assurance that
the salt I make shall not be engrossed by merchants, or others, who may in-
tend to retail to the subscribers of this colony at an advanced price, that
I may give the fullest testimony of my inclinations to make the scheme
as extensively useful as possible, I do hereby oblige myself to conform to
any measures or regulations, that may be adopted to secure a preference
and preemption to them of what salt may be made at the intended works.

Several gentlemen of credit have proposed a partnership with me, in
order to prosecute a plan with greater success, and to a large extent; but
not being able to advance any proportion of a common stock, my admissi-
on into partnership cannot be expected on such terms as would enable me
to maintain my family, and draw a moderate profit to myself. If the
subscribers should approve of my entering into a partnership, and applying
their contributions as my part of the stock, I am persuaded it would be
the likeliest means of expediting and carrying on the business with
greater advantage to the community. However in this, as in every
other measure, I shall cheerfully acquiesce in their determination.
JAMES TAIT.

AUGUST 4, 1774.
PURSUANT to a decree of the high court of chancery of Great Bri-
tain
, the children of James Henry, who was the nephew of Hugh
Heny
, late of the jewel office, in the tower of London, gentleman, who
died on the 10th of September, 1768, and the children of Eleanor and
Jane, sisters of the said Hugh Heny, deceased, are peremptorily to come
in and claim their shares of the clear residue of the personal estate of the
said Hugh Heny, deceased, before Thomas Harris, esquire, one of the
matters of the said court, at his chambers in Lincoln's Inn, London, be-
fore the 25th day of March next; or, in default thereof, they will be
excluded the benefit of the said decree. [Three weeks]

To be SOLD, to the highest bidder, at Belvoir, on Potowmack river, the
late seat of the honourable
George William Fairfax, esquire, on Monday
the 5th day of December next,

ALL the genteel FURNITURE of two rooms, and KITCHEN
FURNITURE, eight or ten HORSES, all his stock of HOGS,
and part of his CATTLE and SHEEP, together with the PLANTA-
TION UTENSILS, three WAGGONS, and fifty BARRELS of
FISH. Purchasers of more than five pounds will have credit till the
15th day of August next, on giving bond, with approved security, paying
interest from the date, if the principal should not be discharged within
forty days after it becomes due. At the same time and place will be
rented, to the highest bidder, a small PLANTATION, for one year,
and two very fine FISHERIES, for a term of years; the MANSION
HOUSE, OUT HOUSES, GARDEN, ORCHARDS, and PLAN-
TATION, with a sufficient quantity of LAND to suit the tenant,
will also be let for a term of years. Any person inclinable may rent the
dwellinghouse before the day of sale, and know the terms by applying to
5 FRANCIS WILLIS, junior.

To be SOLD, pursuant to an act of assembly, on Monday the 5th of De-
cember next, being Prince William court day, at the courthouse, in the
town of
Dumfries,

THE GLEBE LANDS of Dettingen parish, in the said county, ad-
joining Westwood, the seat of the reverend Mr. James Scott, the
present incumbent, situate on Quantico Run about 9 miles from Dum-
fries
and Aquia. The soil is good for wheat or tobacco; and there may
be got some meadow on the same. Six months credit will be given by
THE CHURCHWARDENS.

YORK town, June 9, 1773.
THE subscribers being very solicitous to comply with
the will of their testator, the late Honourable
William Nelson, desire that all persons who were indebted
to him will endeavour to make as speedy payments as
possible. Those who have accounts open on his books,
and who cannot immediately discharge the balances,
are desired to give their bonds. This request is the
more necessary, as most of the legacies bequeathed by
the testator are to be paid in sterling money, and he has
directed that his younger sons fortunes shall be placed
out at interest upon undoubted securities, so soon as it
can be done. Those who have any demands are desired
to make them immediately known.
THOMAS Nelson, HUGH NELSON,
THOMAS NELSON, jun. Ro. C. NICHOLAS.

Column 2

TAKEN up, in Spotsylvania, a bay mare colt, 3 years old last spring,
2 hind feet white, a star in her forehead, about 4 feet 6 inches high,
and branded on the near buttock T Ɑ, as near as can be made out. Post-
ed, and appraised to 81. () WILLIAM BARTLETT.

RUN away from on board a small schooner, called the Kingston, just
below Four Mile Creek, a tall, slim, thin visaged man, who goes
by the name of William Griffin; had on a black yarn waistcoat, and a
wilton one under it, a check shirt, and oznabrig trousers. He has very
fore legs. Took out of my chest a pocket book, containing eight or
ten pounds in cash, a silver stockbuckle, a broach, and a note of hand
from Godfrey Walker, at Richmond, for 21. 9s. 9d. Whoever will take
up the said fellow, and bring him to me, in Warwick county, near the
courthouse, or commit him to the great gaol, shall receive FIVE
POUNDS. (3) PETER RIDLEY.

To be SOLD, for ready money, by the executors of Newton Keene, deceased,
pursuant to his last will, by public auction, to the highest bidder, on

Monday the 19th of November next, if fair, otherwise the next fair
day, at the place called
Newgate, in the county of Loudoun,

A TRACT of valuable LAND, lying in the said county, adjoining
to the said place called Newgate, and partly bounded by the Moun-
tain
road, containing about 1400 acres; about 100 acres whereof are
under a lease for one or two lives, at a small yearly rent. There is only
one small plantation, and but very little ground cleared thereon. It
has a considerable quantity of ground upon it, fit for improving into
meadow, and is extremely well watered and timbered. This land is
ery conveniently situated, being only 25 miles from Alexandria, 23 from
Dumfries, and 18 from Colchester, and has a merchant mill within less
than a mile of it. Newgate is a very public place, and well situated for
trade and public house keeping. Deeds will be executed on the day of sale.
There will also be sold, by the said executors, for ready money, at public
sale, on Monday the 9th of January next, if fair, otherwise the next
fair day, at the late dwelling plantation of the said Newton Keene, in
Northumberland county, TWENTY very likely VIRGINIA born
N E G R O E S,
BELONGING TO HIS ESTATE.
RICHARD LEE,
DAVID BOYD,
Executors.

THE death of Mr. Hugh McMekin, late of Norfolk, renders it ab-
solutely necessary that the business carried on by him there, by
Mr. Matthew Anderson in King & Queen, end by Mr. Christopher Pryor
at Gloucester courthouse, be discontinued. All persons, therefore, who
are indebted for dealings with either of these gentlemen, on account of
Messieurs John McDouall and company, of Glasgow, are earnestly re-
quested to discharge their respective balances immediately. Those who
have it not in their power to make payment will, it is expected, grant
bond. Messieurs Anderson and Pryor will give constant attendance for
that purpose, who are authorized to receive and grant discharges. The
goods on hand at King & Queen and Gloucester courthouse, amounting to
about 1500l. sterling, will be sold, and the time of payment made as easy
to the purchaser as the hardness of the times will admit of. As most of
these goods were imported last spring, they are fresh, look well, and are
tolerably well assorted. There are likewise on hand a cargo of goods,
adapted for the present season, just imported in the Bland, captain Dan-
by
, from London, and Juno, captain McCunn, from Glasgow, amounting
to between 1000l. and 1200l. sterling. For terms apply to Messieurs
John Johnson and Archibald Govan at Page's, Mr. Simon Fraser at Ur-
banna
, Mr. Matthew Anderson in King & Queen, or to
BENNETT BROWNE, Attorney in fact
6 For Messieurs JOHN McDowell and company.

RUN away, about the middle of September, a negro fellow named
JACK, about 35 years old, and about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high,
blind of one eye, and is cloathed as negroes generally are. TEN SHIL-
LINGS will be given to any person that will bring him to me, near
Williamsburg. ANDREW ESTAVE.

RUN away from the subscriber, about the 20th of April last, a mu-
latto fellow named PETER BROWN, a painter by trade, but can
do carpenter's work; he is 35 or 40 years of age, of a dark complexion,
5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, slim made, has a thin visage, several of his
upper foreteeth are out, is fond of singing, which he can do very well,
and is a remarkable fine whistler. The said fellow has several suits of
cloaths, therefore I cannot describe his dress. He was some years past
tried for a robbery, but obtained the governor's pardon, on suffering one
year's imprisonment; after that he was sold to Mr. John Fox, of Glou-
cester
, with whom he lived one or two years; he then run away, and
passed for a free man in the counties of King William, Caroline, and Ha-
nover
, where he was taken up and brought home. As he has a wife at
Mr. Benjamin Hubbard's, it is likely he may be lurking in that neigh-
bourhood; and as he was raised in Petersburg, it is probable he may be
about there. Whoever will take up the said runaway, and deliver him
to me, at Osborne's, shall receive FORTY SHILLINGS reward. All
persons are forbid harbouring or carrying him out of the colony.
PETERFIELD TRENT.

PURSUANT to a decree of the honourable the general court, and by
letter of attorney from colonel George Mercer, of Virginia, now in
London, will be sold, at public auction, about 3500 acres of LAND,
in the county of Loudoun, near West's ordinary, about 12 miles from
Leesburg, 40 from Alexandria, and 35 from Dumfries, on Potowmack.
This land is well known by the description of the Bull Run Mountains,
and is very fertile. Also 6500 acres on Shenandoah river, in the county
of Frederick, opposite to Snicker's ordinary, and binding on the river
about 7 miles. As this tract is part of a survey, one of the first in that
part of the colony, its quality cannot be questioned; it is well watered,
will admit of 2 mills on land streams, and others on the river. There
are now in it 6 plantations, well improved for cropping, 110 slaves, and
very large and choice stocks of horses (some of the dray breed) black cat-
tle, hogs, and sheep, which, together with the crops of corn and wheat
now growing (expected to be upwards of 2000 barrels, and 5000 bushels)
will be sold, on the premises, on the 24th of November next,
or next fair day. The Loudoun lands will be sold at West's ordinary on the 21st
day of the same month, and both tracts laid off in lots to suit every pur-
chaser, who may see them by applying to Mr. Francis Peyton, living near
the Loudoun lands, and Mr. William Dawson, who resides on the Shenan-
doah
tract. Among the slaves are 2 good blacksmiths, 2 carpenters, and
an exceeding trusty and skillful waggoner. The aged black cattle and
grown hogs will be fattened for slaughter. Purchasers above 251. will be
allowed credit for 12 months, on giving bond and security to the sub-
scribers, who will be prepared to make conveyances.
JOHN TAYLOE,
ts GEORGE WASHINGTON.

NEW YORK, July 27, 1774.
FIFTY POUNDS REWARD.
WHEREAS on the 19th of June last past a certain JOSEPH
THORP was entrusted with a considerable sum in half jo-
hannes, of nine penny weight, to be delivered by him at Quebec, and as
he has not yet made his appearance there, with other suspicious circum-
stances, it is apprehended he is gone off with the money. He is a native
of England, about 6 feet high, swarthy complexion, very dark, keen
eyes, and pitted with the smallpox, of a slender make, stoops as he walks,
talks rather slow, and has some small impediment in his speech. He
lived some time in Boston, from whence he removed to Quebec, assuming
the character of a merchant in both places; he was also once in trade
in Newcastle, Virginia, and has a brother settled there. It is believed
he went on board captain John F. Pruym, for Albany, and took with
him a blue casimire, and a dark brown cloth suit of clothes. Whoever se-
cures the said Joseph Thorp in any of his majesty's gaols on this continent
shall be entitled to ten per cent. on the sum recovered, and the above
reward of 50l. when convicted. Apply to Cuson and Seton of New York,
Joseph Wharton, junior, of Philadelphia, Robert Christie of Baltimore,
James Gibson
and company of Virginia, John Bondfield of Quebec, Me-
latiab Bourne
, or John Rowe, of Boston. It is requested of those who
may have seen this Joseph Thorp since the 19th of June last past, or
know any thing of the rout he has taken, that they convey the most
early intelligence thereof to any of the above persons, or Greenwood, Rit-
son
, and Marsh, in Norfolk, or to Mr. Robert Pleasants and company, at
Four Mile creek, Henrico county; the favour will be gratefully acknow-
ledged. All masters of vessels are forewarned from taking him off the
continent.

NORFOLK, October 4, 1774.
THE directors of the LIGHTHOUSE are desirous to engage imme-
diately with some person to carry a quantity of stone from Cape
Henry
to the place whereon the lighthouse is to be fixed, about one mile
and a half distance.
tf BASSETT MOSELEY.

WANTED for the lighthouse directors eight second
hand ANCHORS, nearly a thousand weight
each. Any person having such for sale are desired to
make their terms known to the subscriber in Norfolk.
t.f. BASSETT MOSELEY.

Column 3

TAKEN up, in Louisa, a chestnut sorrel mare, about 4 feet, 6 inches
and an half high, has a switch tail, and hanging mane, some saddle
spots, branded on the near buttock I G, and is about 5 or 6 years old
Posted, and appraised to 121.
() THOMAS JOHNSON, Minor.

TAKEN up, in Spotsylvania, a young bay horse, about 4 feet 4 inche
high, about three years old, and branded on the near buttock T T
Posted, and appraised to 7l. () JOSEPH ALLEN.

FOR SALE
NINE hundred and forty acres of valuable land, lying
on both sides of Contrary River, in Louisa, with
three plantations thereon, two of which has sufficient
houses for overseers and negroes; the other is improved
with all necessary buildings, and orchards of all kinds,
fit for the reception of a gentleman, the houses being
finished in the best manner. This tract is well timbered
and watered, lies within 32 miles of Fredericksburg, and
43 of Page's warehouse; there are at least 400 acres of
low grounds, of the best soil, 300 of which are now to
cut. The three plantations are under good fences, and
in good order to work 12 or 15 hands. Robert Flem-
ing, John Massey, and John Lain, are now in possession
of the plantations, who will shew the land to any person
inclinable to purchase, and Major Thomas Johason will
agree with them for the price. The above tract is esteem-
ed the most valuable in Louisa for growing corn, wheat,
or tobacco, and situated in the best range for stock of any
below the great mountains. ( tf 1* )

FOR SALE, AND VERY CHEAP,
A PLANTATION in good order for cropping, none
of the land having been cleared above six years,
with all necessary houses, quite new, together with 1500
acres of exceeding rich land, the soil of which is so good
that it will bring large tobacco for five or six years with-
out dung, I have made on this plantation above three
thousand pounds of tobacco per share. The place is very
healthy, and has a fine range for stock. This land lies
in the lower end of Buckingham county, near to Appo-
mattox river, on each side of Great Ducker's and Mayo
creeks. Tobacco has been carried above this land near
to Petersburg by water, and last month, in the dry wea-
ther, two canoe loads of wheat were carried near to
Petersburg, and the canoes brought back; they were
loaded but a little below this land. I make no doubt
but Appomattox river will be soon cleared, and then the
expence of sending wheat, tobacco, &c. will be trifling.
Any person inclinable to purchase will see by the produce
of the land, that it is exceeding rich. I really do not
know any better high land in the colony. This tract of
land is well timbered, and has excellent water on it. I
do not know a better place for a merchant mill than is on
Ducker's creek. People are going much on raising wheat
in these parts, and a good mill would be very advantage-
ous to the owner. Also another tract of land of 826
acres, in Albemarle county, I believe about ten miles
from the courthouse, joining Mr. James Harris and the
quarters of Mr. John Winston. On this land is a small
plantation, a good apple orchard, &c. The land is
good, and my price so low, that I am convinced any
person who viewed either of the above tracts of land
would not hesitate to give the price I shall ask. Neither
of these tracts are under any incumbrance whatsoever.
A reasonable time of payment will be allowed.
tf ANTHONY WINSTON.

For S A L E,
A TRACT of land, on Charles river, York county,
containing about 600 acres, part of which is marsh,
that may be drained with very little expence. The situ-
ation of this place is very convenient for a family, as it
lies upon a river that abounds with oysters and fine fish,
particularly sheepsheads; it is within 200 yards of a mill,
and 2 miles of the church. My reason for selling it is,
my having bought a tract of land more convenient to me.
Whoever inclines to purchase may know the terms by
applying to the subscriber, in York town.
THOMAS NELSON, junior.

Τ Ο Β Ε R Ε Ν Τ Ε D,
FROM YEAR TO YEAR, OR FOR A TERM OF YEARS,
B E L V O I R,

THE beautiful seat of the honourable George William
Fairfax, esquire, lying upon Potowmack river, in
Fairfax county, about 14 miles below Alexandria. The
mansion house is of brick, two story high, with four con-
venient rooms and a large passage upon the lower floor,
five rooms and a passage on the second, and a servants
hall and cellars below; convenient offices, stables, and
coach house, adjoining, as also a large and well furnish-
ed garden, Stored with great variety of valuable fruits, in
good order. Appertaining to the tract on which these
improvements are, and which contains near 2000 acres
(surrounded, in a manner, by navigable water) are se-
veral valuable fisheries, and a good deal of cleared land
in different parts, which may be let altogether, or sepa-
rately, as shall be found most convenient. The terms
may be known of Colonel Washington, who lives near
the premises, or of me, in Berkeley county,
tf FRANCIS WILLIS, junior.

FOR SALE,
ABOUT twelve thousand acres of exceeding rich
TOBACCO LAND, in Amherst county, whereon
are several plantations and improvements sufficient to
work forty or fifty hands. There is on this land for sale
a very valuable GRIST MILL, lately bult, with a
stone dam and a pair of good COLOGNE MILL-
STONES, which mill has for two years past got up-
wards of 100 barrels of toll corn, and is situated on a
never failing stream. The land will be shewn by William
Womack, who lives at one of the plantations, and the
prices of the land made known by him. One or two
years credit will be allowed, interest being paid for the
second year, and also for the first, if the money is not
paid agreeable to contract. The land is to be laid off
and surveyed by Colonel William Cabell, at the expence

of the purchaser. Deeds will be made, upon bond and
approved security being given, either to Call, William
Cabell, or the subscriber. Six per cent, discount will be
allowed for ready money, or good merchants notes. If
any person would chuse to exchange lands in the lower
part of the country, on or near some navigable river,
that are good, it is more than probable we should agree.
CARTER BRAXTON.

Original Format

Ink on paper

Collection

Citation

Pinckney, John, -1777, “The Virginia Gazette. Number 445, Thursday November 17, 1774,” Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, accessed March 28, 2024, https://cwfjdrlsc.omeka.net/items/show/148.
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