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This collection consists of issues of <em>The Virginia Gazette </em>printed in 18th-century Norfolk and Williamsburg, Virginia. None of the Norfolk issues are digitally available through the <a href="https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/DigitalLibrary/va-gazettes/">Colonial Williamsburg Foundation's Virginia Gazette site</a> nor are they indexed there. Some of the Williamsburg issues are also only available on this site. Those issues have been tagged as being "unique" to this site. All issues are held by Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation and are the best copy available there.
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<h5>Page 1</h5>
<p>Thursday, May 12, 1774 THE Number 41.8<br />VIRGINIA GAZETTE<br />OPEN TO ALL PARTIES, BUT INFLUENCED BY NONE.<br /><em>WILLIAMSBURG:</em> PRINTED BY CLEMENTINA RIND.<br />All Persons may be supplied with this GAZETTE at 12s. 6d. a Year. ADVERTISEMENTS, of a moderate Length, are inserted for 3s. the first Week ,<br />and 2s. each Time after: long ones in Proportion. ————PRINTING WORK, of every Kind, executed with Care and Dispatch.</p>
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<h6>Column 1</h6>
<p><em>CONCLUSION of the ADDRESS to the POLITICAL<br />COLLEGE.</em></p>
<p>I AM aware of an argument, a best only collected<br />from our neighbouring province; and I think I have<br />digested it so as really to stifle it in every modest<br />man’s opinion. It is advanced that Maryland, for<br />a great while, would not come into any inspecting<br />law. So far I say they were wise. But that finding the<br />low price of the Virginia tobacco rising, by means of<br />their inspecting law, they agreed to enact one themselves.<br />Let any body consider what has been before advanced,<br />and say whether it was not a wrong conclusion, both<br />in Virginia and Maryland, that any rise in tobacco<br />ought, or could, be imputed to such a cause. If it<br />was the real cause, what has produced the present very<br />low price in Virginia, when the very inspection law is<br />still, and has been so long in being? But to go on.<br />After this inspecting law had been in use in Maryland,<br />why was it suffered to expire without being re-enacted?<br />Perhaps a low price in the fluctuation of the commo-<br />dity again explained that it did not compensate for<br />the hardships and expence the planter had under the<br />law been obliged to endure. A more certain deduction<br />this for its being suffered to expire, I am persuaded, than<br />any other that can be assigned. But then I am asked<br />what has made them revive the law again? I answer,<br />not the present boasted price of the commodity at home,<br />to be sure; for that rise proves itself either to have come<br />out of the merchants counting houses, or that it raised<br />only by the scent of a revival of that law; because the<br />very tobacco on which the price was raised, was all of<br />that very mean trash, &c. which their public newspapers<br />in Baltimore and elsewhere, had puffed out, by way of<br />extract from home. But is there not another cause to be<br />presumed why they have revived that law? Indeed, gen-<br />tlemen, you know there is. Just like other folks, the<br />Marylanders, frightened with what was but too common,<br />the rising and falling of tobacco, and never considering<br />that it is one of the depravations in this trade in particu-<br />lar, when things are selling cheap, to endeavour to make<br />them still cheaper, that the trader or merchant, who<br />sells them for another, may get the more money himself. <br />I say the counting houses easily could, and perhaps I may<br />demonstrate they do, sink the commodity lower by much<br />than what the course of fluctuation ever does. But yet,<br />as it is natural in all alarms of the kind, one person,<br />and indeed one colony, adopts the same <em>wise</em> remedies on<br />the same <em>wise</em> principles of another; by which means,<br />gentlemen, your college became imitated with a mere<br />adoration, in every unhappy measure of the kind which<br />it had fallen upon. The man resolved to gain in trade,<br />invents a thousand things to obstruct any discovery of<br />himself; and can as easily tell you you sent trash, under<br />an inspecting law, which he could not sell, as that you<br />sent a fine commodity without such a law, which he sold<br />well, though at a low market. A folio of these proofs<br />may be at any time produced. But what, dear gentle-<br />men, are you now to entertain the world or yourselves<br />with, either as a cause of the present low price, or as a<br />remedy for that cause? You have had your amending<br />law many years, and some years you have made it a law to<br />lessen the quantity by your extraordinary modifications.<br />And yet your merchants have, it seems, advised you “to<br />employ your slaves about any thing rather than tobacco,<br />for it is worth nothing, and must bring you in debt:”<br />Aye, there is the rub; and presumtively the very cause<br />why it is ever worth nothing among such a vast world of<br />luxurious consumers. Had these kind advisers been a<br />little more consistent in their apologies for their low sales,<br />and indeed not quite so barefaced as to think that we<br />could be cajoled by their artifice in advising against<br />their own interest, there would have been no very clear<br />ground for the least suspicion. But inconsistency has<br />never yet made any tolerable figure amongst the criteria<br />of truth. What credit then can be paid to one who bids<br />you leave off making the very thing which he lives by;<br />nay the very thing which he sends for to you? A gull<br />this, ye powers, indeed! In hopes that such a disinter-<br />ested complexion in advice, must compassionate his <em>friends</em><br />into a firm persuasion of the difficulty he lay under in<br />not being able to give better prices than what he sent in,<br />and no doubt drive them to a mere forcing, that thing of<br /><em>no value,</em> that thing which must bring them in debt again,<br />under his disinterested care; at least that he might not<br />lose by any dead freight in his ship, sent in to accommo-<br />date so much reciprocal friendship, supposing they should<br />be brought in debt by what they sent him, for nobody<br />can suppose such a merchant must be a fool to condemn<br />his judgement and give a better price. Again. Perhaps<br />few are so minute as I am always, when examining into<br />such a mere excess in nature. I must therefore ask what<br />can be the reason that, even at the time when tobacco is<br />said to be worth nothing, we cannot get a pipe of cut and<br />dry tobacco at a less price than from 13d. to 18d. the<br />pound, which they actually charge in their invoices at-<br />tending their very kind advice? Can it be possible that the<br />smoker or manfacturer, who buys from them at five far-<br />things, or less, per pound, clear of duty, as your mer-</p>
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<h6>Column 2</h6>
<p>chant tells you, could have the impudence to make so<br />very consciencious a gentleman pay 13 or 18d. for it,<br />after he had manufactured it? To be sure the very enor-<br />mity of such an inconsistency must speak more than any<br />merchant, ever so disinterested, would care to explain.<br />The best sort of this tobacco is brought in here by the<br />honest captains, and sold much cheaper in current mo-<br />ney; and that by a method, no merchant can be a<br />stranger to. A quantity, perhaps about 50lbs. which the<br />act of parliament allows, to be exported, is bought,<br />cleared of the duty by its drawback, and this sold by the<br />manufacturer under 5d. so that a sale here, at 12d. cur-<br />rency, becomes a great penny. And to strengthen the<br />observation, even 5d. to the manufacturer, who had<br />bought at 5 farthings, as the merchant, by his sales, tells<br />you, is a trade which no conscience, but that of a mer-<br />chant, could well demand. Certain I am that no manu-<br />facturer could have demanded it of any merchant, who<br />had sold it to him for 5 farthings, because it is as 400 is<br />to 100, 300 per cent. at least, between the price bought<br />at, allow it 5 farthings, and the price sold at 5d. the<br />pound. Those who reason on pleas of the crown tell us,<br />that it is only by insignificant trifles that we come at the<br />discovery of great things; and I dare refer this circum-<br />stance to any ear, impartial enough to be open, to say<br />what is convincing or what is not. But to go a little<br />farther. Would not any body smile to hear an agent in<br />this country for one of these kind advisers, buying to-<br />bacco for him, and from the very man to whom the prin-<br />cipal had only neated from 37s. to 3£. the hogshead, and<br />offering him 10s. sterling a hundred Virginia weight? Does<br />not this man intend to make people believe that the mar-<br />ket will rise to 5£. or more, the hogshead, the next return,<br />or that it is worth more than he sold it for? Now, dear<br />conclave, weight these things in any scale of good sense,<br />and you must agree with me, that while our exports (our<br />tobacco) and our imports (our goods) all pass through<br />the same counting houses, it must be impossible for things<br />to be otherwise. I have mentioned, as one depravity in<br />trade, that where, in the common course of fluctuation,<br />any commodity shall not be in demand, its only natural<br />fluctuation; the merchant reduces it still lower in his<br />counting house, to serve his devoted purpose, gain; and<br />for the very same reason I add, he never gives the price<br />he sells it for, when it is in demand. Thus are we situ-<br />ated as to our export of our tobacco; the price is lessened,<br />the high counting house commissions, the charges begot<br />by fraud, and maintained by its prime minister, custom;<br />and after this commissions for selling, otherwise called by<br />them the petty commissions; and as to the goods sent in<br />by them, if double shop notes for one and the same thing,<br />from the same tradesman, one high charged, and the<br />other low, the high to be the correspondent’s charge,<br />the low the poor tradesman’s pay; if letters and tickets,<br />in books and goods, discovering a greater charge made<br />the correspondent, than paid the tradesman; if good<br />private people, from 25 to 40 per. cent. cheaper, can<br />be any proof of a counting house advance, I may dare any<br />body to dispute it; but not to deny it; for that would<br />be too bold a word, as to trade. Can it then be worth<br />your while to meditate about raising the price of tobacco<br />at home, when it must be a doubt whether you ever knew<br />what it was? To raise it here is the only way; and that<br />is to sell in to these counting house gentry, or let them<br />want it, if they will not buy it; and as soon as possible<br />to live ourselves out of debt, by even living down to the<br />lowest distress of the times, rather than not effect this<br />great work; because if any man, who has ever had an<br />opportunity to do it, will but reflecton the difference he<br />must have experienced in such a state of doubt, he must<br />be satisfied from whence his very low prices began. But,<br />for God’s sake, never let your consultations tend in the<br />least to compel industry to quit any employments which it<br />must, from experience, know how to manage, and to do<br />it with the least expence, and force it, by any kind of re-<br />striction, to pursue any other cultivation, in which both a<br />knowledge and money must be wanting to effect any com-<br />mon purpose; at least in the poor worn out lands in the<br />lower parts of the country, where there can only be<br />manure enough found by the poor planter to raise a crop<br />of tobacco. Adieu, with great submission.<br />EXPERIENCE.</p>
<p>Mrs. RIND,<br /><em>I solicit your kindness in giving the following a place as<br />soon as possible, which will materially oblige,</em><br />MADAM,<br />Your very humble servant,<br />A CATHOLIC CHRISTIAN.</p>
<p>CHARITY SUFFERETH LONG, AND IS KIND.</p>
<p>THE rise and multiplication of dissenters in this co-<br />lony cannot give more pain to the friends of the<br />establishment than the proceedings against them in many<br />places must give to every generous and intelligent christi-<br />an. Liberty of conscience is so indisputably a right of<br />every human being, a right of such infinite consequence<br />to the present peace and future felicity of mankind, that<br />the least invasion of it calls for the serious attention<br />of all who with well to their fellow creatures. This con-</p>
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<h6>Column 3</h6>
<p>sideration prompts me to offer to the public some<br />thoughts on the treatment given to our sectaries, which<br />I am rather inclined to do at the present juncture, be-<br />cause the time approaches for the meeting of our assem-<br />bly, who, I presume, will pay due regard to a matter<br />of so much importance to multitudes, whose welfare<br />they are bound, in honour and fidelity, to take care of.<br />I cannot forbear adding, that as it gives me pleasure to<br />reflect that the representative of Virginia were the first<br />in opposing political oppression, so I am encouraged to<br />hope they will not be the last in abolishing religious per-<br />secution.</p>
<p>Without enquiring whether the toleration acts be in<br />force here, or have been legally executed, which I take<br />to be very questionable, or whether the act relating to<br />the induction of ministers extends to dissenters, which<br />might be denied, without the imputation of cavilling,<br />or whether the penal statutes of parliament, enacted<br />prior to the settlement of America, and not since abro-<br />gated with our concurrence, ought to be executed here,<br />which would introduce the most horrid mischiefs and<br />barbarities; I say, without entering on these enquiries,<br />I shall proceed to consider whether any benefit can re-<br />dound to the church of England, to the civil govern-<br />ment, or to the dissenters themselves, from the punish-<br />ment of them, on account of their doctrines and worship.</p>
<p>Is it the benefit of the church of England that is to be<br />promoted by employing the civil power against dissenters?<br />I hope the church of England does not stand in need of<br /><em>carnal</em> weapons to make it flourish. I am sure the church<br />of Christ does not; and if they are the same, or if the<br />first be a part of the other, such weapons should never be<br />seen in the hands of those who would manage her cause.<br />The religion of Christ was introduced, and made its way<br />in the world, by the force of well attested truth, against<br />swords, bonds, and imprisonments: Is it to the honour<br />of the church of England to have recourse to these anti-<br />christian means of supporting herself? The church of<br />Christ has always suffered persecution; <em>for every one that<br />will live godly in Christ Jesus must suffer persecution</em> in<br />some respect or other. Will not the church of England,<br />then be subjected to the charge of apostacy, when she<br />begins to inflict persecution? And will not those who are <br />persecuted think they have one strong evidence that they<br />are on the true plan, and that their adversaries are gone<br />over to the side of the world and the flesh, since they<br />borrow and fight with their weapons?</p>
<p>Whenever violence is used where rational arguments<br />would be more proper and successful, it implies that these<br />are wanting; it will be so interpreted at least. Christians<br />have reasoned thus against Mahometans; the church of<br />England has reasoned thus against papists. She must<br />not, then, be surprized, when she adopts their practices,<br />to find her reasonings retorted; and if she gives dissent-<br />ers the same advantages over her which she had over the<br />church of Rome at her separation, is there not reason to<br />apprehend they may be employed with equal industry<br />and success?</p>
<p>The truth is, it may be said of the church of England,<br />and every other christian church, that if the purity of<br />her doctrines, the dignity of her worship, the vigour of<br />her discipline, and the good behaviour of her members,<br />do not uphold her, it is not to be done to any good pur-<br />pose by any other means whatever; and if she has these<br />advantages on her side, all other means, all exertions of<br />the civil power, are superfluous.</p>
<p>If it be pretended that the safety of government re-<br />quires that the dissenters should be proceeded against by<br />the civil magistrate, I would desire to know whether<br />they have ever made an attack on the constitution?<br />Whether they have ever been detected in plotting con-<br />spirators, or stirring up rebellion? If they have, these<br />things should be alledged against them, should be made<br />the ground of the accusation, and the reason of their<br />punishment. But they dislike the church, and the church<br />is united to the government; they must therefor dislike<br />and resist the government, because of the union. And<br />must they be punished, too, on conjecture and suspicion?<br />Let it not be forgotten that we are protestants, and have<br />renounced the Romish inqusition. Admit that they do<br />think the civil establishment of the church of England a<br />fault in the contitution, it does not follow that they<br />have the least intention or desire to injure the constituti-<br />on. Many great men, many wise and good men, have<br />thought ecclesiastical establishments unjust and hurtful,<br />and yet have lived in the most quiet submission to them,<br />and been eminent for their loyalty. Besides, can the<br />execution of a penal law rectify their mistakes, or conci<br />liate their affection? Will it not rather encrease their<br />disapprobation of a government where their peace is<br />liable to be disturbed, their possessions wasted, and their<br />bodies imprisoned by every wanton bigot, and every<br />malicious enemy?</p>
<p>It it still be insisted, that there is a tendency in religi-<br />ous dissentions to popular commotions, and that dissent-<br />ers, for that reason, ought to be dreaded and checked,<br />I would say, that if it be true that there is such a ten-<br />dency, it can be owing to nothing else than the civil</p>
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<h6>Column 1</h6>
<p>punishment inflicted on dissenters. Mere religion has<br />nothing to do with the powers of this world. They are<br />distinct in their nature, and should be distinguished in all<br />political regulations. Whenever religion begins to dis-<br />turb the public peace, and threaten danger to civil so-<br />ciety, as it loses its nature, it ought to be changed in its<br />name, and should be suppressed, not as religion, but<br />sedition and riot. But when men who desire to live in<br />peace and content are perplexed and assaulted by the civil<br />arm, on account of their religion, not their religion,<br />but the indiscretion of the magistrate is the cause of the<br />danger; and this danger will always be greater or less,<br />acording to the number and principles of the sufferers.<br />When the number is small, there is an incapacity, and<br />when the principles are pacific and passive, there is a<br />want of inclination, to do mischief. It may be proper<br />to observe, that we have both these securities in our pre-<br />sent circumstances. However, allowing that we had reason<br />to apprehend danger from our dissenters (which I am<br />confident we have not) I refer it to every unprejudiced<br />man, whether a rigorous treatment of them would not<br />be manifestly inexpedient, which must at once urge them<br />to and furnish them with a more specious pretext for<br />hostile projects. Disaffection in the common people to a<br />government always arises from a <em>sense</em> of oppression.<br />They do not examine the nature of the constitution;<br />they do not penetrate into secret causes, nor look for-<br />ward into distant consequences; but they know when<br />they are imposed upon; they can feel their burden and<br />their misery. The surest way, therefore, to preserve<br />tranquility, in a free state, is to avoid grievances, which<br />touch on the conscience the most <em>sensible</em> part; as the<br />most eligible way to reconcile the disaffected is to take off<br />unnecessary impositions. Violence may destroy them,<br />but lenity may win their friendship.</p>
<p>Love is the strongest cement of society, and union in<br />religious sentiments promotes love. On this considera-<br />tion, a wise magistrate might desire uniformity in reli-<br />gion. but when divisions spring up, sectaries encrease,<br />parties begin to be formed, it is wisdom then to inculcate<br />mutual charity and toleration. Opposition and force<br />irritate and inflame; forbearance softens and assuages.<br />Whenever it happens, not only that one religious party<br />is protected by the civil power, but that another is har-<br />rassed and persecuted, it begets pride, contempt, and<br />cruelty, in the first, envy, hatred, and rage, in the<br />other; passions not less injurious to private happiness than<br />national prosperity.</p>
<p>But if uniformity in religion produced love and mutual<br />attachment, and is desireable on that account, it ought<br />to be remarked, at the same time, that this sort of con-<br />nection is very slender, where there is neither opposition<br />nor emulation. Add to this, that in universal agree-<br />ment, the spirit of enquiry ceases, religion stagnates and<br />corrupts, ignorance and profligacy of manners are esta-<br />blished, and ecclesiastical governors assume unlawful and<br />unjust prerogatives, which they can best maintain over<br />ignorant and guilty consciences. On the other hand,<br />different parties in religion, where they are all tolerated,<br />and each protected from injury from the others, keep up<br />emulation, enquiry and circumspection, in morals; effects<br />surely less hurtful to christianity, and less dangerous to<br />a free state, than uniformity, ignorance, and ecclesiasti-<br />cal tyranny.</p>
<p>As the good of the whole is the end of civil society,<br />and should always be kept in view by the legislature, all<br />partial grievances should be carefully avoided, and never<br />admitted, but in cases of extreme necessity. In countries<br />where there is an ecclesiastical establishment, and some<br />who cannot conform, the enjoyment of their religion<br />will cost some more than others, by reason of the double<br />demand on them from the law and their consciences.<br />Now it will naturally be thought hard by the non-con-<br />formists, however necessary it may appear to politicians,<br />or however patiently it may be submitted to , that any<br />should be compelled to give away part of their property<br />without receiving any equivalent and perhaps to support<br />a scheme of religion, too, which they look upon to be<br />subversive ot the truth. This is certainly an inconveni-<br />ence, if it be an unavoidable one. It ought, therefore,<br />to be made as easy and light as possible, and not aggra-<br />vated by unnecessary restrictions. If the blessings of a<br />civil society, from the nature of its constitution, do not<br />flow in equal measure, on all who are equally loyal, so<br />as to procure the same degree of affection from all, po-<br />licy, not to say justice, requires that the difference should<br />be as small as will possibly consist with the welfare of the<br />whole; for the safety of a community is most established<br />when it is most the interest of every individual to support<br />it, and, without dispute, it is most the interest of every<br />individual to support it when his person, his property,<br />and his religion, are best secured from invasion, when<br />the laws leave him the free exercise of his private judg-<br />ment, and levies no tax on the conscience which acknow-<br />ledges no human jurisdiction.</p>
<p>It will appear still more imprudent to have penal laws<br />against dissenters when the difficulty and tendency of ex-<br />ecuting them is considered. To give them their proper<br />effect it must be necessary to proportion their severity,<br />not only to different offences, but to different aggrava-<br />tions of the same offence. Let us attend to the conse-<br />quence of this: A person is apprehended for preaching<br />contrary to law. He alledges, in vindication of himself,<br />the obligations of conscience, and the necessity of obeying<br />God rather than man. This does not satisfy the magis-<br />trate, who is to execute, not to make laws. The offend-<br />er must therefore be sent to gaol, where the dictates of<br />conscience still compel him to transgress the law, even<br />while under punishment for disobedience. This again<br />must be deemed insult and contempt of the law, and<br />must be treated with a higher degree of correction, which<br />will neither cool an enthusiast, nor intimidate a real<br />martyr. In short, perseverance must continue to heighten<br />the crime, and provoke still higher and higher degrees<br />of severity, till the unhappy sufferer is brought to the<br />block, the stake, or the rack. This is the natural pro-<br />gress and necessary issue. For if ever the punishment<br />stops while the offence is repeated the victory is lost, and<br />the impotence of the law must give fresh courage to the<br />offender. All who have observed the effect of imprison-<br />ment on the dissenters among us will be convinced of the<br />truth of this representation.</p>
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<p>It will probably be objected against this that penal<br />laws compass their end by striking terror. I answer, they<br />do so when the penalty is greater than the advantage<br />expected from the transgression of them. In religion,<br />this is not the case, and consequently the objection loses<br />its force. Infinite happiness, when the mind is fixed upon<br />it, will not be given up for any consideration whatever;<br />nor does death itself, even the most cruel death, which<br />is the utmost human power can inflict, bear any propor-<br />tion to the eternal torments apprehended from evading it<br />by apostacy. If any think that the difference between<br />the presence and the absence of objects will make up for<br />the difference between their intrinsic worth and dread-<br />fulness, I desire they would recollect, that enthusiasm,<br />as well as that <em>faith, which is the evidence of things not<br />seen,</em> always diminishes the regard for present enjoy-<br />ments, and transfers the affections to the invisible world.</p>
<p>Some may likewise object, that the present restriction<br />of dissenters under the toleration act, as regulated by the<br />general court, are too equitable to justify a request for<br />the enlargement of religious privileges. In reply to this,<br />many things might be mentioned; but instead of recount-<br />ing particular inconveniencies, which must occur to almost<br />every thinking man, I will make the two following ob-<br />servations: The act of toleration gives liberty to all who<br />properly apply for it, and are ready to perform the con-<br />ditions. I have never understood that there is any exception<br />or persons, or that the courts at home have the least au-<br />thority to refuse the benefit where it is duly claimed. The<br />case, I believe, is different in this colony. The general<br />court, if I am not misinformed, taking the authority to<br />refuse and limit according to their own pleasure, even<br />when the claimants are willing to submit to all the requi-<br />sitions of the law. If this be true, it ought to be con-<br />sidered, that, however indulgent the present gentlemen<br />in power may be, the liberty of the subject is not way se-<br />cure while it depends on the will of fallible men, or a<br />succession of fallible men. <em>To depend on the will of man</em><br />is, in truth, the very definition of slavery, and all whom<br />it includes must be destitute of true liberty; though they<br />have the good fortune to be blessed with kind masters.<br />Nothing can give perpetuity and safety to the rights of<br />the subjects but the establishment of them by law; and<br />the more particular and clear the law is the greater se-<br />curity there is to those who live under it. Obscurity and<br />uncertainty leave such a latitude of construction as ex-<br />alts the judge almost into the seat of the legislator. The<br />other observation to be made is, that the capacity of dis-<br />senters to submit to the requisitions of the toleration act<br />is purely accidental, and what, I believe, will but little<br />recommend their principles to those who are most for-<br />ward in exacting their compliance. It is notorious, that<br />there are several articles of the church generally denied<br />by both clergy and laity. Now if it should so fall out,<br />that a dissenting teacher should find exceptions against<br />those very articles, and should hold the same religious<br />sentiments with the generality of the clergy of the church,<br />his is utterly deprived of the benefit of the law, though<br />he must be deemed so deserving of it; unless, like most<br />of the gentlemen of the establishment, he will, against all<br />honesty, fidelity, and conscience, receive with his hand<br />what he rejects with his heart. Now can any law be said<br />to give a reasonable latitude to dissenters when it extends<br />only to persons of one particular set of people, and may<br />deprive multitudes of the enjoyment of their religion,<br />who are equally attached to the civil government, equal-<br />ly attached to the king, who cannot be charged with<br />the want of one civil or focal virtue, and, what is still<br />more, agree with most of the clergy in every thing which<br />any honest man could desire, in every thing except their<br />hypocritical, impious,and mercenary subscription! Or<br />it is equitable that such persons should be deprived of the<br />exercise of their functions when those of the same faith.<br />because they have less sincerity and conscience, are pro-<br />tected by law, and are rewarded with an honourable and<br />independant maintenence?</p>
<p>Though innumerable other arguments might be adduced<br />in favour of toleration, I shall confine myself to the fol-<br />lowing, as of most peculiar concernment to us. In the<br />first place, it promotes population, on which the stability<br />and security of government so much depend. Moderation<br />of government, of which toleration in religion makes a<br />very considerable part, as it attaches natives, and encour-<br />rages industry, so it must promote marriage by facilitating<br />the maintenance of families, and opening a prospect of<br />happiness of the offspring. Besides this, toleration at-<br />tracts and invites foreigners, and causes an accession of<br />arts and improvements as well as of people. It is worthy<br />of observation, likewise, that countries, where liberty of<br />conscience is most liberally granted, become the retreat<br />of the most honest and consciencious emigrators, who are<br />most sensible of its value, and most apt to be oppressed for<br />their integrity, in adhering to their religion. The power-<br />ful and populous state of Holland, which has not less<br />than five millions of inhabitants, has been attributed, by<br />all impartial judges, to the beneficial influence of tolera-<br />tion; and the present flourishing state of Pennsylvania,<br />and the great influx of people of all nations and religions,<br />manifestly shew how alluring the fruits of religious liberty<br />are to the oppressed and persecuted.</p>
<p>Virginia, in particular, would find her account in pro-<br />curing the settlement of foreigners, as it would augment<br />the proportion of free men, and lessen the danger and<br />the evil consequences of slavery. I leave this hint to be im-<br />proved by every sagacious friend to this country. Unani<br />mity and harmony among the colonies is indispensably<br />necessary for the safely and property of the whole. The<br />growing number of people, the extent of situation, dif-<br />ference in the forms of government, and variety of customs<br />and opinions, must daily render such a union and har-<br />mony more difficult. These obstructions to union must<br />likewise be when arbitrary attempts from Europe cease to<br />compel it, and unavoidable contests and national preju-<br />dices begin to banish the sense of a community of in-<br />terests. It would, therefore, be a noble precaution in<br />each provintial legislature, to frame their laws with an<br />eye to the good of the whole, and so as to preserve uni-<br />versal concord and affection. What can be more ne-<br />cessary in this view than tenderness towards dissenters?<br />We must always expect to have some of them among us,<br />who are allied, by religious profession, to many in the<br />sister colonies, and shall we caress those at a distance as</p>
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<p>friends and brethren, and shall we be so inhospitable as<br />to distress those who reside among ourselves? Can any<br />thing be concieved more likely to alienate the affections<br />of the people of the other colonies than the violation of<br />the sacred rights of their christian brethren? Will they<br />think us real friends to christianity when we thus renounce<br />charity and forebearance? Will they believe us true to the<br />cause of civil liberty when we disavow religious liberty,<br />so indissolubly connected with it? In a word, can they<br />take us for true friends to dissenters abroad when we shew<br />ourselves enemies to them at home? Or can they look<br />upon us as firm friends to America when we make laws<br />that would injure so many of its inhabitants if they but<br />set their feet in our government, and worship their Maker<br />as they do at home?</p>
<p>In the last place, I proposed to consider whether any<br />benefit can accrue to the dissenters themselves from the<br />civil prosecution of them. As no one can pretend to say<br />their bodies or estates are the better for imprisonment, or<br />other punishment, the good of the soul only can be in-<br />tended. We read in scripture, it is true, of some being giv-<br />en up to Satan, that their bodies might be afflicted for the<br />saving of their souls; but to legitimate such a procedure<br />now, it ought to be proved that the officer is the Devil,<br />and the judge an apostle; points not so easy to be made<br />out.</p>
<p>I cannot persuade myself there is need of saying much<br />to disprove the doctrine that men are to be whipped out<br />of heresy, or brought into the light of the gospel by the<br />darkness of a dungeon; that their minds are to be set at<br />liberty from error by the confinement of their bodies, and<br />that truth and reason cannot make their way into the<br />understanding without the illuminating arguments of<br />violence and terror. It may be more to my purpose,<br />perhaps, to substitute the following reflection.>/p></p>
<p>The major part of the dissenters in this colony have<br />been chiefly stigmatized with enthusiasm and fanaticism.<br />It is not my intention to enquire whether they are inno-<br />cent or culpable in this particular. Even allowing the<br />reproach to be just, I take it to be very obvious that pe-<br />nal laws must be detrimental to them. All who are ac-<br />quainted with these people must know that the ruined<br />and degenerate state of human nature, and the opposition<br />between the spirit of the world and the spirit of holiness,<br />are doctrines held by them in the most strict sense, and<br />that most of their other principal doctrines are grafted<br />on these. Now I would desire every sober person to con-<br />sider whether opposition and force in the least tend to<br />eradicate such opinions, or to abate their zeal in main-<br />taining them. The reformation of the world is the end<br />of all religion and preaching, and it is natural for those<br />who undertake it to proportion their zeal and diligence<br />to their apprehension of its wickedness. Certainly then<br />it is impolitic to attempt to suppress a religion whose fun-<br />damental article must receive confirmation from the very<br />nature of the attempt. All violent endeavours against<br />them cannot fail to magnify their sense of the danger and<br />misery of their enemies, and convince them more and<br />more of the necessity of encreasing their fervour and in-<br />dustry. I cannot put a conclusion to this discourse with-<br />out expostulating a little with those who have been most<br />active in promoting the prosecution of dissenters. If any<br />of the reverend clergy are in this number, I would desire<br />to know of you, gentlemen, where you learned this doc-<br />trine of persecution for conscience sake. Your divine<br />master never taught it when on earth; his apostles never<br />gave the least countenance to it, unless it was by suffer-<br />ing patiently under it. On the contrary, does not the<br />meekness of your master, and gentleness of his doctrines,<br />continually admonish you for it? Ought not the example<br />of the apostles and primitive christians to make you<br />ashamed of your conduct? And does not the declaration<br />of the once persecuting, but then converted Paul, that<br /><em>the weapons of your warfare are not carnal, stand</em> re-<br />corded against you? Call to remembrance your noble<br />predecessors Crammer, Latimer, Hooper, Ridley, &c. and<br />learn of them to suffer, not to inflict persecution. Do<br />not forget that you owe your religion and rights of con-<br />science to the boldness of these men, in defending christi-<br />an liberty against antichristian persecutors. And can you<br />be so unjust as to deny to others the privileges purchased<br />for all protestants with the blood of such glorious mar-<br />tyrs: Will you adopt principles which must condemn<br />the founders of the church you live in, and justify those<br />who strove to demolish it? Or will you, in one breath,<br />renounce the right of others, to punish you for differ-<br />ence of judgement, and arrogate the right of punishing<br />others for difference of judgment? If a papist ask on what<br />authority you separate from the Roman communion,<br />you answer, conscience directs it, and I plead the right<br />of private judgment. If a dissenter forsake your commu-<br />nion, is he not entitled to the same right of private judg-<br />ment? You cannot be so weak as to say you contend for<br />truth and necessary reformation, but the <em>dissenters</em> are<br />running into error and fantastic refinement; for the<br />right of conscience consists in every man’s making the dis-<br />tinction for himself.</p>
<p>If I am addressing any clergyman who have come over<br />to the church of England from some other protestant<br />church, I confess myself at a loss of what to say to you.<br />The inconsistency, baseness, and inhumanity, of your<br />conduct, is beyond expression; nor is it possible to assign<br />a palliating excuse for you. You cannot plead igno-<br />rance; for yourselves have used the right of private<br />judgment when you changed your religion. You cannot<br />plead the prejudices of custom and education; for you<br />disclaimed these when you became converts to the church<br />of England. To say the truth, there appears but too<br />much room to suspect that you have been governed neither<br />by ignorance nor a mistaken zeal for religion, neither by<br />prepossession nor any thing else than a hope that the put-<br />ting a stop to dissention and enquiry would enable you<br />the more quietly to enjoy those secular emoluments which<br />you have prostituted your consciences to obtain.</p>
<p>As for such laymen as disply their heroism in distress-<br />ing their fellow subjects on account of their opinions and<br />practices in religion, I should be glad to know whether<br />they intend the honour and maintenance of the laws, or<br />the advancement of christianity. If they intend the first,<br />I would ask why their public spirit is not equally affected<br />at the other laws that are daily infringed? Gaming,<br />swearing, drunkenness, and travelling on the sabbath,</p>
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<p>are as strictly forbidden by the law as preaching and<br />praying, and, I presume, not less injurious to civil so-<br />ciety.</p>
<p>If they pretend religion for what they do, it is natural<br />to enquire whether they are equally consciencious in ex-<br />tirpating wickedness and irreligion of every kind. But<br />is there any evidence of this? Are they more concerned<br />at the contempt of the laws of God, and more circum-<br />spect in their christian behaviour, than others around<br />them? Do they shew themselves on all occasions the pro-<br />moters of virture and piety, and distinguish themselves<br />by their zeal in abolishing licentious customs? Let their<br />friends and neighbours say whether they are faithful in<br />reproving their offending brethren, and inculcating the<br />meekness sobriety, and charity, enjoined by the laws of<br />Christ. Let their families say whether they are careful<br />in setting good examples at home, in worshipping their<br />Maker, in instructing their children and servants, and<br />in studying the sacred scriptures; and let their own hearts<br />say whether they are doing as they would be done by,<br />and as becomes one human being to do by another.</p>
<p>I would further ask these men of violence whether they<br />are influenced in what they do by a rational approbation<br />of the articles and discipline of the church? If they an-<br />swer in the affirmative, it may be justly demanded why<br />they do not employ some of their zeal against the clergy,<br />who notoriously neglect and deviate from them? But if<br />they do not cordially approve of the doctrines of the<br />church, let every candid man determine whether they be<br />not in fact dissenters themselves; and is it not egregious<br />injustice and inhumanity to refuse to others the liberty<br />they secretly assume to themselves?</p>
<p>When these pretended friends to the government and<br />public religion come to be tried in such a way as this,<br />every man of judgment must perceive that they are either<br />infatuated bigots, or contemners of all real goodness;<br />who being destitute of all care of their immortal part,<br />and insensibly of the value of the sacred rights of con-<br />science, think little of the crime and cruelty of denying<br />them to others.</p>
<p>A CATHOLIC CHRISTIAN.</p>
<p>Mrs. RIND,<br /><em>Please to insert the following QUERIES in your next gazette.</em></p>
<p>1. WHETHER the absolute power given by the<br />militia law to the lieutenant of every county<br />to appoint all the officers under him is not productive of<br />too great influence?</p>
<p>2. Whether this influence does not extend to the<br />men under these officers command? Whether the people<br />can then be free, or whether they are not in some degree<br />of slavery?</p>
<p>3. Whether the absolute exercise of this power in<br />the lieutenant is not the principal cause of that indiffer-<br />ence and ignorance of the military discipline too often<br />seen in many of the officers in our militia, while merit<br />and qualification are quite disregarded?</p>
<p>4. Whether the legislature would not more effectually<br />remove this error if the several officers, to supply vacan-<br />cies, or to command new companies, were to be chosen<br />by, and in the court martials respectively, or the major<br />part of them then present, with the same reason that<br />magistrates and vestrymen are to be chosen by a majority?</p>
<p>BOSTON, <em>April 18.</em></p>
<p><em>A LETTER from St. Croix, dated March 14, says:<br />”To complete the ruin of this island, we have a<br />stampact, which has just taken place, and is perhaps the<br />most oppressive order ever imposed, even in oppressive govern-<br />ments. Every man in common business is obliged ot use stamp<br />paper. A running account is forfeited if on common paper,<br />and the party rendering it severely fined; receipts are not<br />valid unless stamped; paper for obligations are excessive<br />high, some sheets costing 200 piece of eight; a sheet for a<br />bill of sale is four pieces of eight, for an account four ryals.<br />At this rate the country will soon lose all the English in-<br />habitants; for no true Englishman will ever live under<br />such oppression. These stamps are not all we are to expect;<br />a few months will convince us that the expences of that kind<br />of paper will be trivial to other burthens and taxes we shall<br />be made to pay, such as a heavy poll tax on the white people.<br />All dry goods are, and must, be stamped, and such as are<br />not must be forfeited; also an additional duty on produce is<br />expected. These are great hardships on the continent, as<br />well as us here; and I do not know what way to bring our<br />tyrants to reason, but by your with-holding your trade from<br />us one year. I believe the inhabitants would suffer a tem-<br />porary inconvenience for a lasting establishment, on a good<br />footing; for by a stagnation of trade from America, even<br />for a few months, little or no money would go into the king’s<br />treasury, and then our governor would see the dependence<br />of this island was on the continent both for the means of<br />sustenance and money.”</em></p>
<p>PHILADELPHIA, <em>April 27.</em></p>
<p>By captain Hindson, in a short passage from Jamaica,<br />we learn, that a few days before he sailed captain Mor-<br />gan arrived there from the Downs, who on his passage<br />spoke the Mercury Packet, captain Sharpe, from Ben-<br />gal and Madrass for London, dispatched home with the<br />very important news of the city of Tanjour being taken<br />by the East India company’s troops, under the command<br />of general Spencer, who made the king prisoner, and<br />that the city, with the king, was agreed to be ransomed;<br />also that another province in India, taken by the compa-<br />ny’s troops, previous to the capture of Tanjour, had been<br />disposed of for 1400,000£.600,000£. of which was then on<br />board the said packet, as a remittance to the company.</p>
<p><em>Extract of a letter from</em> London, <em>dated</em> February 18.<br />”Six ships of war and seven regiments, are ordered<br />for America with all expedition; for what purpose time<br />must discover. The premier is much perplexed, on ac-<br />count of the behaviour of the Bostonians; and Great<br />Britain is determined to enforce due obedience to her<br />laws, as the mother country. The letters sent to Boston<br />by Dr. Franklin have made great noise here, and he has<br />been roughly handled by the ministry for the same; but<br />it is pretty well known, with us, that the said letters were<br />given by Mr. Whateley to the late honourable George<br />Grenville, at whose death they fell into the hands of lord<br />Temple, who gave them to the honourable Mr. Fitzher-<br />bert, and they were by that gentleman to Dr. Franklin.”</p>
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<p>WILLIAMSBURG, MAY 12.<,br>Extract of a letter from a gentleman of character in<br />Dumfries to his friend in this city.</p>
<p><em>”The frost and snow, on Wednesday and Thursday morn-<br />ing, have made great havock with the tobacco plants, and<br />almost every thing that is growing. It is the general opi-<br />nion that what plants are left the fly will destroy. But<br />what is still more alarming, the wheat fields are in gene-<br />ral destroyed. This was not discovered till Friday. On<br />Saturday morning, when this news came to Dumfries, it<br />was not believed; but the accounts coming in from every<br />quarter, confirming it, shewed such a melancholy counte-<br />nance in the face of every person, that it is more easily<br />understood than described. I can with certainty inform<br />you that, to appearance, our wheat on the river and creeks<br />is greatly hurt. Judge you for the frontiers, and our<br />northern brethren. It is reported in Dumfries that Mr.<br />Whiting, and several of the farmers above, have opened<br />their wheat fields for pasturage.”</em></p>
<p>By an express, just arrived from Fincastle county, we<br />are informed, that very lately three or four skirmishes<br />happened between the white people and the Shawanese<br />Indians. We cannot affirm what occasioned the dispute,<br />but are told that one of the white men had taken some<br />small matter from the Indians, which irritated them to<br />arms; but were soon repelled by the other party, who<br />killed eleven of them, seven of which they scalped. Ano-<br />ther of the Indians was terribly wounded in the groin,<br />and it was imagined, when this express came away, that<br />he could not possibly recover.</p>
<p>The Brilliant, Miller, and Martin, Clark, from Lon-<br />don, the York, Rose, and ______, Benton, from White-<br />haven, are arrived in York river; and the Donald,<br />Ramsay, from Glasgow, in James river.</p>
<p>RALEIGH and ACADEMICUS could not possibly<br />appear in this paper; but will certainly have places in<br />our next. We should also have complied with HOB’S re-<br />quest had room permitted. We acknowledge the receipt<br />of two or three other pieces, which have met with our<br />approbation, and shall speedily be attended to.</p>
<p>Just imported from London, and to be disposed of by the<br />subscriber, at a low advance, for ready money only,<br />A NEAT and elegant assortment of MILLINERY,<br />JEWELLERY, and other GOODS, which are<br />exceeding well chose, and in the newest taste, viz. Patent,<br />nett, and blond lace hoods, rich suits of ditto, puffs,<br />whims, fancy, true Italian, and gauze caps, ditto nosegay<br />and breast flowers, sultains, egrets, fillets, baves, plumes,<br />minionet lace, blond ditto, and thread edging, gentle-<br />mens laced ruffles, ladies tupees and French curles, blue,<br />black, and white ostrich feathers, riding hats, suitable<br />gloves to ditto, Jacob’s ladder, velvet collars, locket,<br />crown taste, and a great variety of other ribbands, true<br />Italian, lace, ribband, fancy, and silver stomachers, silver<br />corals and bells, plain and set combs, paste buckles,<br />bows and soletaires, various kinds of sprig and paste pins,<br />blue agate set round with marcasite, pinch wax, real gar-<br />net and mock, paste, white wax and wax pearl necklaces<br />and earrings, cluster, garnet, plain gold, and marcasite<br />lockets and crosses, black pins, earring and stay hooks,<br />paste ditto, gold bands, buttons, and loops, watch strings,<br />keys, seals, and trinkets, smelling bottles, tortoiseshell dan-<br />dy prats, pocketbooks with instruments, fine India cot-<br />ton thread, floss, and sewing silk, green silk purses,<br />needles, pins, bobbins and tapes, single and double black<br />pins, curing tongues, and hair powder, patent, ribbed,<br />and white China hose, fine cotton and thread ditto, Dids-<br />bury’s shoes, Gresham’s pumps, pink, blue, and white<br />sattin ditto, pink, blue, and white sattin quilts, black<br />ruffell ditto, beautiful wedding and French mounted<br />fans, second mourning, black, and common ditto, rich<br />white flowered and plain lustring, shot and striped ditto,<br />plain and striped taffeties, India chintzes and calllicoes,<br />fine Irish linen, superfine India dimity, black bombazeen,<br />grained kid, lamb, silk gloves and mits, boys caps and<br />feathers, chipped cane hats, bonnets, and cloaks,<br />book and thick muflins, cambricks, lawns, white and<br />black gauzes, catgut and queen’s nett book muslin and<br />lawns, needle worked aprons, black, white and coloured<br />flowered casting handkerchiefs, muslin lawn, gauze,<br />and checkered ditto, rich sword suits, undressed dolls, very<br />nice brass mounted trucks, either for chariot or chaise;<br />and a multiplicity of other articles, too tedious to enu-<br />merate. M. DICKERSON.</p>
<p>N. B. She returns those gentlemen and ladies, who<br />have favoured her with their custom, her most cordial<br />thanks; particularly her good friends in the country;<br />and as it shall ever be her study to give satisfaction, they<br />may rely on their orders being attended to with the<br />strictest care, by their much obliged, and very humble<br />servant, M. D.</p>
<p>PURSUANT to a decree of the honourable the gene-<br />ral court will be sold, for ready money, at Hamp-<br />shire courthouse, on the second Tuesday in June next,<br />three tracts of LAND, of 500 acres each, in the said<br />county of Hampshire, on George Andis’s mill run, and<br />adjoining the lands of Henry Heath, the property of the<br />late Mr. Joseph Watson, deceased, and by him mort-<br />gaged to Mr. Garret Meade of Philadelphia, who has<br />obtained a decree for a sale to satisfy his demand. A<br />conveyance, with special warranty, will be made the pur-<br />chaser by The SHERIFF of HAMPSIRE.<br />*** These lands were formerly advertised in this paper<br />for sale, and prevented by bad weather, but will now be<br />sold without fail.</p>
<p>DUMFRIES, May 2, 1774.<br />The members of the Dumfries jockey club are de-<br />sired to meet here on Saturday the 11th of June,<br />to settle the time of the races. Such members as cannot<br />conveniently attend, and want to fix them at any parti-<br />cular time, will please to signify the same by letter to<br />me, and their respective proposals shall be laid before the<br />club. 3 RICHARD GRAHAM.</p>
<p>To be SOLD in Brunswick, on the Great Creek,<br />SEVEN hundred and thirty acres of land, most part<br />of which is good for tobacco. There are several <br />improvements on it, as to buildings, a good orchard, &c.<br />Any person inclinable to purchase may know the terms<br />by applying to the subscriber, on the premises.<br />3 JOHN HOGWOOD.</p>
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<p>ALL persons indebted to the estate of Richard Kel-<br />sick, deceased, of the borough of Norfolk, are<br />requested to make immediate payment; and those who<br />have any demands against the said estate, are desired to<br />make them know to<br />JOSEPH HUTCHINGS, Executor.</p>
<p>WHEREAS it has been reported by some ill disposed<br />person or persons, and that in the most virulent<br />and sarcastic terms, which is commonly the case of<br />malevolents, with a determined resolution it should<br />reach the ears of every one, and was consequently propa-<br />gated by some or other of the vicious race of mortals,<br />who delight in nothing better than backbiting their neigh-<br />bours, that I the subscriber hereof have been guilty of<br />using too much familiarity amongst my scholars, and<br />thereby rendered them disobedient, so that it could not<br />possibly be expected they would profit much in coming to<br />me: In vindication of that notorious falsity, and for the<br />clearer proof to that species of unenlightened being, or<br />beings, I do entreat him, or them, to repair to my<br />school room, at Mr. Robert Jackson’s, whensoever it shall<br />suit, and should he or they be disposed to believe his, or<br />their own eyes, I can flatter myself to be capable of shew-<br />ing them as well disciplined a school as any in the city of<br />Williamsburg; and in order to prevent any the like dis-<br />turbances for the future amongst my benevolent and kind<br />wellwishers, or friends, who informed me of this unjust<br />charge, he or they shall receive as severe a reprimand as<br />can be offered by his or their humble servant.<br />B. LE PETIT.</p>
<p>WANTED for the lighthouse directors eight second-<br />hand ANCHORS, nearly a thousand weight<br />each. Any person having such for sale are desired to<br />make their terms know to the subscriber in Norfolk.<br />t.f. BASSETT MOSELEY.</p>
<p>A COCK MATCH,<br />TO be fought on Whitsuntide Monday, at Mr. Har-<br />dyman Dancy’s (or better known by the name of<br />Eggmond’s Ordinary) between the gentlemen of the up-<br />per and lower ends of Charles city. To shew 20 cocks<br />for 3£. the odd one. There will be a<br />ball in the evening for the ladies.</p>
<p>ON Wednesday the 14th of April last ran away from<br />the subscriber, in Westmoreland county, Thomas<br />Puttrell, an indented white servant man, by trade a<br />butcher, but understands gardening and farming, and<br />says he is acquainted with the business of a bricklayer<br />and plaisterer. This is the third time of his running<br />away, and when he went off before he was near two<br />months in the neighbourhood of Richmond town, and<br />lived with one Isaac Parker, and probably may be in that<br />part of the country now. In July last he was taken up<br />in Bedford county. He is a trunchy well made man, of<br />a fair complexion, has hazle eyes, brown hair, which<br />curls in his neck, is round faced, has very white teeth,<br />which he shews when he speaks or grins, and speaks<br />sharp and quick. He has the common apparel of ser-<br />vants, and he has a forged pass, signed by James Mose-<br />ley, master of the schooner Nancy, discharged from Alex-<br />andria, and is called a native of old Nansemond town in<br />Virginia. There went off with the said Thomas Puttrell<br />an indented white servant man belonging to Thomas<br />Attwell of Westmoreland, who has likewise a forged<br />pass, signed by the same James Moseley, and is therein<br />called John Underwood, although his right name is Ed-<br />ward Duberg. He is a slim, well made man, near six<br />feet high, and a sailor, and has been in Spain, Portugal,<br />and France. He says he was brought up at Cambridge,<br />and pretends to understand Latin, French, Spanish,<br />Portuguese, and Dutch. He came in the Success’s In-<br />crease, captain Curtis, into Rappahanpock, and was sold<br />for a schoolmaster. He robbed one Mrs. Hume of about<br />20£. worth of wearing apparel, among which were some<br />jewellery, caps, aprons, handkerchiefs, &c. which he<br />and Puttrell sold as they went along. The above servants<br />were seen on their way to Gloucester town, between<br />York and Rappahannock, and it is supposed they will<br />pass for sailors, and go to Norfolk, or make for Caro-<br />lina. Whoever apprehends them, so as they be delivered<br />to their masters, shall have a reward of FOUR POUNDS<br />for each, besides what the law allows.RICHARD LEE,<br />THOMAS ATTWELL.</p>
<p>FIVE POUNDS REWARD.<br />RUN away from my plantation near this place, last<br />night, two servant men, named George and John<br />Allen, very lately imported in the Justitia, consigned to<br />Mr. Thomas Hodge, at Leeds town. George is a likely<br />young fellow, about 25 years of age, 5 feet 10 or 11<br />inches high, stoops much, and is remarkably round<br />shouldered; had on when he went away a dark coloured<br />bearskin jacket and breeches, and a small round hat<br />with a black ribband and buckle. John is brother to<br />George, slender made, and two inches under his size;<br />had on the same sort of clothes, only a pair of old shoes<br />cut open at the toes. Any person who will apprehend<br />the said servants, and secure them so that I may get<br />them, shall be entitled to the above reward; and all per-<br />sons are hereby forewarned, as they may probably pre-<br />tend to pass for sailors, from carrying them out of the<br />country. THOMAS MONTGOMERIE.<br />Dumfries, April 25.</p>
<p>STOLEN from the subscriber’s door on Saturday<br />night the 7th instant (May) a dark brown bay horse,<br />with saddle and bridle on, about 15 hands high, nine<br />years old, trots and gallops, is a little touched in his<br />wind, had a long bob tail and hanging mane, and no<br />perceivable brand. Whoever brings the said horse to<br />me shall receive TWENTY SHILLINGS reward, and<br />FIVE POUNDS on conviction of the thief.<br />JOHN DRAPER.<br />Williamsburg, May 10, 1774.</p>
<p>TAKEN up, in Buckingham, a small bay mare,<br />with three white feet, has a small star in her fore-<br />head, grey hairs in her tail and mane, docked, but no<br />perceivable brand, about 2 or 3 years old, about 4 feet<br />1 inch high, and is very gentle. Posted, and appraised<br />to 3£. 10s. * ISAAC CHASTIN.</p>
<p>TAKEN up, a small dark iron grey mare colt, about<br />2 years old, has a long tail, and is branded on the<br />ear buttock, as well as I can make out, 0I. Posted,<br />d appraised to 2£. 5s. JOHN BRUIN.</p>
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<h6>Column 1</h6>
<p><em>FOR CHARTER,<br /></em>THE ship Caesar, William Wetherald, master, bur-<br />then about 450 hogsheads of tobacco, now lies at<br />Norfolk, and has made but one voyage. Apply to said<br />master. tf GREENWOOD, RITSON, & MARSH.<br />*** On board of said ship is a quantity of Whitehaven<br />COAL, of the best quality, which will be sold very<br />cheap. Apply to Mr. Joseph Kidd, in Williamsburg.</p>
<p>FOR SALE, AND VERY CHEAP,<br />A PLANTATION in good order for cropping, none<br />of the land having been cleared above six years,<br />with all necessary houses, quite new, together with 1500<br />acres of exceeding rich land, the soil of which is so good<br />that it will bring large tobacco for five or six years with-<br />out dung. I have made on this plantation above three<br />thousand pounds of tobacco per share. The place is very<br />healthy, and has a fine range for stock. This land lies<br />in the lower end of Buckingham county, near to Appo-<br />mattox river, on each side of Great Ducker’s and Mayo<br />creeks. Tobacco has been carried above this land near<br />to Petersburg by water, and last month, in the dry wea-<br />ther, two canoe loads of wheat were carried near to<br />Petersburg, and the canoes brought back; they were<br />loaded but a little below this land. I make no doubt<br />but Appomattox river will be soon cleared, and then the<br />expence of sending wheat, tobacco, &c. will be trifling.<br />Any person inclinable to purchase will see, by the produce<br />of the land, that it is exceeding rich. I really do not<br />know any better high land in the colony. This tract of<br />land is well timbered, and has excellent water on it. I<br />do not know a better place for a merchant mill than is on<br />Ducker’s creek. People are going much on raising wheat<br />in these parts, and a good mill would be very advantage-<br />ous to the owner. Also another tract of land of 126<br />acres, in Albemarle county, I believe about ten miles<br />from the courthouse, joining Mr. James Harris and the<br />quarters of Mr. John Winston. On this land is a small<br />plantation, a good apple orchard, &c. The land is<br />good, and my price so low, that I am convinced any<br />person who viewed either of the above tracts of land<br />would not hesitate to give the price I shall ask. Neither<br />of these tracts are under any incumbrance whatsoever.<br />A reasonable time of payment will be allowed.<br />tf ANTHONY WINSTON.</p>
<p>To be SOLD, on the premises, to the highest bidder,<br />on Monday the 25th of July, pursuant to the will of<br />William Anderson, deceased,<br />A TRACT of LAND containing 394 acres, on<br />Blackwater Swamp, in Surry, within 8 or 9 miles<br />of Cabin Point. The land is of a very good quality,<br />and well timbered. There are no improvements, and<br />not above two or three acres cultivated. One third of<br />the purchase money to be paid on the day of sale, and<br />twelve months credit will be allowed for the other two<br />thirds, on giving bond, with approved security, to<br />2 The ADMINISTRATORS.</p>
CAROLINE county, April 30, 1774.<br />AS I intend soon to remove to North Carolina, I<br />shall be glad that every person who thinks he has<br />a claim against me would make it known. Those that<br />are indebted to me, by account, are desired to settle the<br />same. Mr. John Taylor, of this county, will finish the<br />suits I am engaged in; and any payments made to him<br />for me will be allowed.<br />2 JOHN PENN.
<p>RUN away on the 20th of April last, from the sloop<br />FRIENDSHIP, William Johnston Rysam, master,<br />lying at Yorktown, MINGO, a stout well made black<br />negro fellow, of a down cast look, limps on one side,<br />Virginia born, and about 35 years old, has been used to<br />plantation work and going by water. Whoever will deliver<br />him to William Reynolds, esquire, at York, John Perrin,<br />esquire, of Gloucester, or the subscriber, at Norfolk,<br />shall have THRITY SHILLINGS reward, besides what<br />the law allows. 3 MATTHEW PHRIPP</p>
<p>RUN away from the subscriber, on the 1st instant<br />(May) a servant man named John Mason, of a<br />dark complexion, short dark hair, about 5 feet 10 inches<br />high, has lately had a cut over one of his eyes, supposed<br />to be the left, and is by trade a perukemaker; had on a<br />dark blue coat, striped waistcoat, white breeches, and<br />pale blue stockings. Whoever secures the said servant,<br />so that I get him again, shall receive 40s. and if delivered<br />to me in Norfolk, 3£. DAVID REYNOLDS.</p>
<p>TAKEN up, in Fincastle, a black mare, about seven<br />years old, branded on the near shoulder A, with<br />4 white feet, and a blaze in her face, paces, is hipshot,<br />and about 13 hands 3 inches high. Posted, and ap-<br />praised to 7£. JAMES DAVIS.</p>
<p>TAKEN up, in Fincastle, a sorrel horse, 4 years old,<br />13 hands and an inch high, with a white mane and<br />tail, his fore legs from the knees down almost white, and<br />the hoofs of his fore feet twist in wards, has a star in his<br />forehead, a small snip on his nose, branded on the near<br />jaw T, and has a bell on, with a leather collar and dou-<br />ble buckle. Posted, and appraises to 4£. 5s.<br />* THOMAS MONTGOMERY.</p>
<p>TAKEN up, in Lunenburg, a bay horse, about 9<br />years old, branded on the near buttock SH, and<br />about 4 feet 10 inches high. Posted, and appraised to<br />12£. + BENJAMIN CLARKE.</p>
<p>TAKEN up in Lunenburg, a small roan sorrel<br />mare, about 4 feet 1 inch high, branded on the<br />near shoulder and buttock פ, has a large blaze in her<br />face, her two hind feet white up to her hams, appears<br />to be about 10 or 12 years old, with a hanging mane<br />and switch tail. Posted, and appraised to 3&pound. 10s.<br />+ NICHOLAS HOBSON.</p>
<p><em>THIS DAY WAS PUBLISHED,<em><br />A CANDID refutation of the heresy imputed by<br /><em>ro. C. Nicholas,</em> esquire, to the reverend <em>S. Hen-<br />ley.</em> SOLD at both printing offices. <em>Price</em> 2s. 6d.</em></em></p>
<p>WHEREAS Mr. Kemp Plummer, and Mr. William<br />Plummer, junior, have conveyed away ten NE-<br />GROES, belonging to the estate of major Kemp Plum-<br />mer, deceased, consisting of men, women, and children,<br />which said negroes they have no right to, this is to<br />forewarn the public from purchasing any of them.<br />GEORGE W. PLUMMER, executor.</p>
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<h6>Column 2</h6>
<p>Fincastle county, to wit,<br />GEORGE the third, by the grace of God, of Great<br />Britain, France, and Ireland, king, defender of<br />the faith, &c. To the sheriff of Fincastle county, greet-<br />ing: We command you that you summon Francis Wil-<br />ley, an infant under the age of twenty one years, son<br />and heir of James Willey deceased, to appear before our<br />justices of our court of our said county, at the courthouse,<br />on the first Tuesday in next month, to answer a bill in<br />chancery, exhibited against him by William Calhoon;<br />and this he shall in now wise omit, under the penalty of<br />100£. and have then there this writ. Witness John Byrd,<br />clerk of our said court, this 9th day of June, in the 13th<br />year of our reign. * JOHN BYRD.</p>
<p>FOR SALE,<br />A UALUABLE tract of land, lying in the lower end<br />of Amherst county, on James river, containing<br />upwards of 1000 acres, nearly adjoining the lands of<br />Doctor William Cabell, running near three miles on<br />the river, with an island adjacent, containing between<br />30 and 40 acres, to be sold with or without the said<br />tract. There is a plantation hereon in good order for<br />cropping, and sufficient for 10 or 12 hands; also a white<br />shad fishery, and a remarkable natural fishpond, with a<br />plenty of limestone for building. Any person in-<br />clinable to purchase may know the terms by applying to<br />the subscriber, in Henrico, who is one of the trustees of<br />Mr. John Howard. 3 THOMAS PROSSER.</p>
<p>To be SOLD, by the subscriber, at Stafford courthouse,<br />on the 2d Monday in June next, if fair, otherwise the<br />first fair day,<br />THREE tracts of land, adjoining each other, and<br />lying in Stafford county, on Potowmack creek;<br />on one of which is a very commodious tavern, and other<br />necessary houses, garden, &c. within a few yards of the<br />courthouse. The situation is very advantageous for a <br />publican’s business, and remarkable for fish and fowl.<br />Fifteen acres of the land were laid down in timothy about<br />four years ago, and there are near 40 acres of marsh,<br />which might be easily reclaimed, and at a small expense.<br />Terms will be made known on the day of sale.<br />5 GEORGE DENT, junior.</p>
<p>FOR sale, by the subscriber in Hanover town, at a <br />low advance, for ready money, or on short credit,<br />GERMAN OZNABRIGS, ROLLS, and several bales<br />of RUSSIA DRILLING. 3 THOMAS SIMPSON.</p>
<p>WILLIAMSBURG, April 26, 1774.<br />THE subscriber being under a necessity of returning<br />to England the ensuing summer, will sell off his<br />remaining STOCK of GOODS at a low advance to a<br />wholesale purchaser; and desires all persons indebted to<br />him to pay off their respective balances immediately, that<br />his affairs may be properly adjusted before his departure.<br />3* GEORGE PITT.</p>
<p>NORFOLK, April 21, 1774.<br />NOTICE is hereby given, that a number of vessels<br />will be wanted this summer to bring about 6000<br />tons of stone from Mr. Brooke’s quarry, on Rappahan-<br />nock, and land the same on Cape Henry, for the light-<br />house. Any person inclinable to engage in such work<br />are desired to treat with Mathew Phripp, Paul Loyall,<br />and Thomas Newton, junior, esquires. The directors<br />of the lighthouse will also be glad to purchase one or<br />two flat bottomed vessels from 80 to 120 tons burthen.<br />tf BASSETT MOSELEY.</p>
<p>RUN away from the subscriber, in Suffex, the 16th<br />of February last, a negro man named JAMES,<br />about 22 years of age, of a yellowish complexion, 5 feet<br />2 or 3 inbces high; had on, and took with him, an old<br />hat, a fearnought jacket of a purple colour, a mixed<br />yarn jacket without sleeves, and something longer than<br />the other, a striped Virginia cloth shirt, with the six white<br />ones, and two of blue, negro cotton breeches, with a<br />green streak across the fore parts, a pair of old shoes,<br />and negro cotton boots. Any person that will bring the<br />said slave to the subscriber shall have five pounds, if<br />taken out of the colony, and forty shillings if taken in<br />Virginia. 3 THOMAS HUSON.</p>
<p>COMMITTED to the gaol of Charles City, on<br />Saturday the 16th instant (April) a lusty negro<br />woman, who says her name is Peggy Wilson, 5 feet 7<br />inches high, formerly belonged to one Richard Hunt, on<br />Roanoke, by him sold to David Taylor, of York county,<br />and purchased of said Taylor by one Peyton, for the<br />use of Mr. John Tabb, in Amelia. The owner is desired<br />to pay charges, and take her away.<br />3 STITH GREGORY, gaoler.</p>
<p>TAKEN up, in Cumberland, near the lower bridge,<br />on Williss’s creek, a bright bay mare, about 4 feet<br />6 inches high, supposed to be 3 or 4 years old, not dock-<br />ed, both hind feet white, has a few white hairs in her<br />forehead, and branded : on the near buttock. Posted,<br />and appraised to 9£. * DRURY WOODSON.</p>
<p>FOR SALE,<br />A VALUABLE tract of LAND in Kingston parish,<br />Gloucester county, containing 500 acres, lying on<br />a large creek which makes out of East river, a fine place<br />for fish and oysters; there is land cleared sufficient for six<br />hands, an overseer’s house and other out buildings; the<br />uncleared land abounds with a great quantity of white<br />oak and pine timber, the timber supposed, by good<br />judges, to be worth 1000£.<br />*3 WILLIAM PLUMMER.</p>
<p>WILLIAMSBURG. <em>April, 20, 1774.</em><br />BY <em>order of his Excellency in council, I hereby give<br />notice to all concerned, that those officers and soldiers<br />who served in the late war as RANGERS, or as part<br />of the militia, will not, as such, be allowed, in future,<br />any land under his Majesty’s proclamation in OCTOBER<br />1763; but those only who were either in the regular<br />service, or else in some provincial regiment.</em> <br />JOHN BLAIR, Cl. Con.</p>
<p>FOR SALE, and to be seen in Williamsburg, from<br />the first of May and for some time after, the high<br />blooded horse MASTER STEPHEN; he is young,<br />strong, and large, has a good bottom, and runs fast.<br />Whoever may be inclinable to know his pedigree, or to<br />see him, may be satisfied by applying to Philip L. Lee,<br />at his house in Williamsburg. 3</p>
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<h6>Column 3</h6>
<p>FOR SALE,<br />And to be ENTERED upon at CHRISTMAS next,<br />A VERY valuable tract of LAND in King William<br />county, on Pamunkey river, adjoining the land of<br />the late Mr. John Smith, of Hanover county, deceased,<br />containing 800 acres, more or less, the soil is very rich,<br />and exceedingly well adapted for wheat, corn or tobacco,<br />particularly the first and second, being low grounds;<br />and there is a considerable quantity of high grounds.<br />It has plenty of good pine and oak timber upon it, con-<br />venient houses, and is in good order for cropping, is<br />about two miles from Hanover town, and very convenient<br />to church and two mills. Any person inclinable to pur-<br />chase may be shewn the land by applying to Mr. Christo-<br />pher Taliaferro, or Mr. William Jones, who resides near<br />the same and the terms may be also known by applying<br />to these gentlemen, or to the subscriber.<br />t f THOMAS JONES.</p>
<p>To be SOLD, to the highest bidder, at Goochland court-<br />house, on Monday the 20th of June, being court day,<br />A TRACT of rich, well timbered LAND, lying<br />opposite to Elk Island, in Goochland county, be-<br />longing to the estate of Mr. John Smith, deceased, con-<br />taining 2000 acres, which will be put up in four separate<br />lots. Likewise a tract containing between 3 and 400<br />acres, lying on both sides of the Little Bird creek, near<br />the head thereof, in the aforesaid county. Those lands<br />having been fully described in a former advertisement<br />renders it unnecessary here. The time of payment will<br />be made known on the day of sale, and bonds, with good<br />security, required of the purchasers.<br />9 WILLIAM ANDERSON, executor.<br />*** The purchasers at the different sales of the negroes<br />and personal estate of Joseph and John Smith, deceased,<br />are desired to take notice, that their bonds will in a very<br />short time become payable, and that no indulgence can<br />or will be allowed to any person. I shall constantly at-<br />tend at the county courts of Henrico and Hanover, and<br />the meeting of merchants in Williamsburg, in order to<br />receive payment. Those who have open accounts on<br />the books of John Smith, deceased, are once more re-<br />quested to come and settle.</p>
<p>TAKEN up, in King and Queen county, a sorrel<br />horse, about 4 feet 7 inches high, appears to be<br />about 5 years old, has a snip on his nose, no brand per-<br />ceivable, trots and gallops, and appraised to 12£.<br />* MARY ANDERSON.</p>
<p><em>The noted swift</em> HORSE<br />TRISTRAM SHANDY,<br /><em>(now, perhaps, the fattest horse in</em> VIRGINIA)<br />STANDS at my house, in the lower end of Caroline<br />county, and covers mares this season at 2£. 10s.<br />good pastureage gratis, and great care taken of the mares,<br />but will not be answerable for any that may get away.<br />TRISTRAM SHANDY was got by Morton’s Traveller,<br />his dam by Janus, out a very fine English mare.<br />5 JAMES UPSHAW.</p>
<p>To be SOLD, together or in parcels,<br />THAT fertile and well timbered tract of LAND,<br />lying in Princess Anne county, known by the name<br />of GIBBS’S WOODS, whereon are several settlements,<br />and whereof Jeremiah Tinker, esquire, grandson of the<br />late governor Gibbs now stands seized, under the deed<br />of gift of his mother, the daughter and heiress of the<br />said governor Gibbs. Persons inclining to purchase may<br />be informed of the terms by applying to Mr. James<br />Parker, merchant in Norfolk, or to Edward Foy, in<br />Williamsburg, who will give an undoubted title. tf</p>
<p>WILLIAMSBURG, MARCH 1, 1774.<br />THE <em>several sheriffs in arrear for his Majesty’s<br />quitrents are requested to make full payment at the<br />ensuing</em> April <em>court; and as it is my duty to enforce a<br />speedy collection of this revenue, it is hoped that those<br />against whom judgments have been already obtained will<br />attend to this notice.</em><br />RICHARD CORBIN, D. R. G.</p>
<p><em>For</em> WHITEHAVEN,<br />THE ship OLIVE, Captain William Barrass, lies<br />at Broadways, on Appomattox, will sail early in<br />April, having three fourths of her cargo engaged can<br />take in about one hundred hogsheads of tobacco, on<br />liberty of consignment. For terms apply to Mr. Bolling<br />Stark, in Petersburg, or us at Norfolk.<br />GREENWOOD, RIUTSON, & MARSH.</p>
<p><em>KING HEROD</em><br />STANDS at Rosegill, and will cover mares at FOUR<br />POUNDS the season. Those who send mares must<br />send the money, otherwise they shall not be left. The<br />valuable qualities, and the pedigree, of this horse, are<br />sufficiently notorious.<br />RALPH WORMELEY, junior.</p>
<p>GODOLPHIN,<br />A FULL blooded horse, by FRARNOUGHT, out of<br />an imported mare, will stand this season at Mr.<br />Richard Taylor’s, near Petersburg, to cover mares, at<br />TWENTY SHILLINGS the leap, or THREE<br />POUNDS the season, payable in October next. Those<br />gentlemen who are inclined to send mares may be assured<br />that the greatest care will be taken of them; but I will<br />not be answerable for any that shall get away.<br />GEORGE BAYLOR.</p>
<p>ESSEX county, April 2, 1774.<br />IN consequence of the death of Mr. James Campbell of<br />Essex, who was acting attorney for Messieures John,<br />William, and James M’Call, M’Call and Elliott, and<br />M’Call, Elliott, and Snodgrass, in the business formerly<br />under the management of Mr. William Snodgrass, we<br />have received from his executors the books and papers of<br />said companies, and have put them into the hands of Mr.<br />James Gordon to collect. We therefore earnestly request<br />all indebted to those concerns to pay off immediately, as<br />no further indulgence can be given. Mr. James Gordon<br />will reside in Tappahannock, and will attend Essex,<br />Middlesex, Gloucester, and King and Queen courts.<br />ARCHIBALD M’CALL,<br />JOHN SNODGRASS.<br />6</p>
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Original Format
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Ink on paper
Dublin Core
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Identifier
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SCNP2019.13
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The Virginia gazette. Number 418, Thursday May 12, 1774
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Rind, Clementina, -1774, printer
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1774-05-12